Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention relate to a method and a device for transferring radio service data. The method includes: designing a radio service frame timing mechanism and/or a rule of filling IQ data for a plurality of standards; configuring frame timing mechanisms corresponding to various services according to the designed radio service frame timing mechanism and/or the rule of filling IQ data for a plurality of standards; and transmitting multi-standard radio service data according to the configured frame timing information and/or methods of mapping IQ containers. The device includes a determination unit, a configuring unit and a transfer unit. Thus, uniform transmission of radio IQ data and frame synchronization for different standards may be enabled via a common radio interface between a Radio Equipment Controller (REC) and a Radio Equipment (RE).

Abstract: A transmitting system inserts runt abort packets in an outgoing data stream during idle time inter-frame time fill. The runt abort packets cause the receiving system to synchronize itself to the transmitting system so that even if an error during inter-frame time fill causes the receiving system to go into an erroneous state, the receiving system will be synchronized with the transmitting system before receiving valid data. In one embodiment, the transmitting system transmits data in packets over SONET. The packet data is scrambled at the transmitting end and descrambled at the receiving end. Runt abort packets sent during inter-frame time fill resynchronize the descrambler. If there is an error in the inter-frame time fill bytes, causing the receiving end descrambler to no longer be synchronized with the transmitting end scrambler, the runt abort packets will cause the descrambler to resynchronize state with the transmitting scrambler.

Abstract: In a cellular system in which OFDM is used, a forward link synchronization channel, a common pilot channel structure, an initial cell searching method of a mobile station, and an adjacent cell searching method for handover are required. A method of transmitting a forward synchronization signal in a wireless communication system according to the present invention includes generating a frame comprised of a plurality of sync blocks; and transmitting the frame through a forward link, wherein the frame comprises primary synchronization channel sequences which provide timing information of the sync blocks and a plurality of secondary synchronization channel sequences which provide timing information of the frame, wherein a cell identifier is specified by a combination of the primary synchronization channel sequence and a hopping code word specified by the plurality of the secondary synchronization channel sequences. Therefore, the cell searching time can be efficiently reduced in an OFDM system.

Abstract: In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, systems and methods for mapping user experiences over a network include tracking user navigation events through a network site of a resource provider, identifying recurring navigation events of the user, and generating a map of the user navigation events and the recurring navigation events as a user experience. The systems and methods for mapping user experiences, as disclosed herein, provide improved analysis of network site usage patterns for purposes of streamlining and optimizing network site operation.

Abstract: Techniques to parse data into multiple (M) streams with selectable data rates are described. The modulation scheme and code rate for each stream are determined based on the data rate selected for that stream. The modulation schemes and code rates for all M streams are used to determine a parse cycle and the number of puncture cycles for each stream in the parse cycle. A sequence of puncture cycles is formed for the M streams such that the puncture cycle(s) for each stream are distributed as evenly as possible across the sequence. An encoder encodes traffic data in accordance with a base code (e.g., a rate 1/2 binary convolutional code) and generates code bits. A parser then parses the code bits into the M streams based on the sequence of puncture cycles, one puncture cycle at a time and in the order indicated by the sequence.

Abstract: Methods, devices and systems are provided for word synchronizing multiple serial data bitstreams (106) with a serial framing signal (106A). Offset values (420) are determined (512) from the relative locations of predetermined data correlation values (107) stored within the data buffers during a correlation mode to indicate the amount of skew observed between the framing channel and each of serial data channels. Data received during subsequent operation of each data stream is stored a buffer (402), and the framing signal (106A) is monitored to identify a boundary between data words. When a frame boundary occurs, parallel data is extracted from the buffer using the previously-stored offset values to compensate for bit skew between the data and framing channels.

Abstract: Protocols or methods are presented for encapsulating data in frames for transmission in a communication system, wherein (N+M)-byte frames are provided having one or a few sync bytes indicating a frame boundary, as well as an N-byte frame data field following the sync byte. Data bytes from packets are provided in the data field, wherein the data packets can be any length, including packets shorter than N?1 data bytes long.

Abstract: The invention provides a packet error detecting method for a serial link. When a start framing symbol of a packet appears at the serial link, the start framing symbol is ignore if a predetermined error condition is satisfied.

Abstract: A method and system for providing multi-channel circuit emulation clock recovery wherein a single instance of the clock recovery logic effects circuit emulation clock recovery for multiple channels. For one embodiment of the invention, fine tuning clocking is effected by comparing an outgoing clock with a recovered clock and switching a clock recovery mechanism, the switching performed in conjunction with a multi-channel context.

Abstract: A packet sending apparatus that improves packet transmission quality by preventing loss of packet information, while minimizing a reduction in transmission rate. A clock frequency deviation correction calculation section calculates a valid packet sending period in which valid packets packet information of which is not lost due to clock frequency deviation between the packet sending apparatus and a packet receiving apparatus are included and the number of valid packets included in the valid packet sending period.

Abstract: Techniques to enable efficient operation of co-located WLAN and Bluetooth devices are described. A station (e.g., a cellular phone or a laptop computer) determines the activity of a Bluetooth device and ascertains idle periods of the Bluetooth device. The station communicates with an access point in a WLAN during the idle periods of the Bluetooth device. The station may operate in a power save mode with the access point, send a poll frame to the access point during an idle period, and retrieve the buffered data from the access point during the idle period. The station may also operate in an unscheduled APSD mode with the access point, send a trigger frame to the access point during an idle period to start a service period, and exchange data with the access point during the service period.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for depacketization of multimedia packet data, the method comprising: a context-aware step of parsing and recording a start code, which can identify each frame, in a first portion of a payload of a real-time transport protocol (RTP) packet; and a step of performing depacketization according to each packet by using the start code.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for transparently using otherwise wasted bandwidth associated with variable-rate program streams to deliver additional content. In one embodiment, the network comprises a broadcast switched architecture (BSA), and the program streams are loaded up to a target rate using “null” packets and then delivered over the network infrastructure to a plurality of hub sites. The streams are then unloaded to reproduce the original variable streams, and the bandwidth vacated by removal of the null packets used as the transport mechanism for additional (e.g., non time-sensitive) content to be delivered to the subscribers. The process can also be substantially automated and anticipatory (through, e.g., transmission of null bit insertion data downstream). The invention can also advantageously be implemented with minimal modifications to existing infrastructure, and supports business and operational supervisory processes.

Abstract: In a mobile communication system, multiple transceivers perform radio communications in the same frequency band.

Abstract: A playback apparatus includes an obtaining unit obtaining playback management information including a main playback path of a main stream set, a first sub playback path of a first sub-stream set, and a second sub playback path of a second sub-stream set. The first and second sub playback paths are allowed for a predetermined category. A selection-receiver receives a selection of streams as a first combination or a second combination. A reading unit reads the corresponding stream sets according to whether the first or second combination is selected. A playback unit plays back the main stream set and the first or second sub-stream set. The number of files that are readable at one time is predetermined. The sub playback paths are determined so that the number of the files that are readable at one time does not exceed the predetermined number.

Abstract: A method is provided for sending data packets from a server to a client. A stream of data packets from the server to the client is composed of a main stream P, a retransmission stream R, and an advance stream A. P and A are fixed when R is zero. A is zero and the sum of P and R are fixed when R is not zero or when the client has accumulated data beyond a given threshold. A packet sent by the server but not received by the client is sent again to the client a given time after it was first sent. A packet sent by the server but not received by the client is sent again to the client only if the latter has already previously received a given number of packets sent by the server.

Abstract: A method of data transmission in a data communication network includes negotiating a connection between a source terminal and a destination terminal in the data communication network. During the connection negotiation process, optimal field lengths are determined for recording a source identifier and a sequence number in data packets transmitted in the connection. The source identifier identifies a connection from the source end to the destination end of the data transmission, while the sequence number identifies the relative position of a data packet in a series of data packets transmitted in the connection. The length of the source identifier and sequence number fields may either be calculated or selected from a set of predetermined field length values.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for sampling a high-speed digital signal include providing a data signal to a differential data input circuit, an offset control signal, and a strobe pulse. In response to the strobe pulse, the data signal is resolved into an output logic state based to a relatively greater extent on the differential data signal and to a relatively lesser extent on the offset control signal.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for detecting the start-of-packet in a wireless receiver operating in a packetized wireless network. One method embodiment includes calculating a plurality of start of packet (SOP) indicators, each for one or more of a plurality of receive chains in the receiver; determining one or more linear combinations of respective pluralities of the calculated SOP indicators to form one or more combined SOP indicators; comparing each of a plurality of SOP indicators or combined SOP indicators, including at least one of the combined SOP indicators to a respective threshold to form one or more respective SOP events; and, in the case there is more than one SOP event, determining a logic function of the SOP events to form a SOP decision event.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards providing a partial dual-encrypted stream in a conditional access overlay system. The headend equipment includes an aligner, identifier, and remapper (AIR) device (615) that receives a clear stream and one or two encrypted streams, where the two encrypted streams have been encrypted by two different encryption schemes. The AIR device (615) identifies critical packets associated with the clear stream and subsequently allows two encrypted streams to pass and drops the critical packets of the clear stream. A multiplexer (640) then combines a percentage of the non-critical packets of the clear stream and the critical packets of the two encrypted streams to provide the partial dual-encrypted stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to producing data traffic where the time intervals between successive data frames follow a predetermined probability distribution. In the present invention, it is surprisingly discovered that a time interval of a desired length between successive data frames can be produced by setting a certain bit quantity of digital stuffing data, defined on the basis of the target length of the time interval target, in a buffer memory (101), where successive data frames are waiting to be transmitted. The digital stuffing data is set in the buffer memory (101), so that the stuffing data is, in the read-out order, located between successive data frames.

Abstract: A system and method for providing a minimum burst duration in accordance with a regional standard and/or requirement. One embodiment comprises a first interface (204) configured to receive data to be communicated, a memory (208) configured to store a value corresponding to a regional minimum duration, a processor (202) configured to generate a frame, configured to compare a duration of the generated frame with the regional minimum duration, configured to add at least one padding symbol to the generated frame to generate a second frame, the second frame having a duration at least equal to the regional minimum duration, and a second interface (206) configured to communicate the second frame onto a communication channel.

Abstract: A method is described that involves loading X bits at a time into a shift register and shifting groups of older, loaded X bits up in the shift register with each new group of loaded X bits. Each group of X bits has been received from a serial data stream. The method further involves identifying an alignment key within the shift register and presenting aligned data from the serial data stream by rotating selection of a first group of Y contiguous bits from the shift register and a second group of Y contiguous bits from the shift register after the identifying. Y is greater than X.

Abstract: A unit for use in a communication system comprises a communication module having an oscillator configured to generate a master clock signal; a plurality of conversion modules; and a distribution component configured to distribute the master clock signal from the communication module to each of the plurality of conversion modules. Each of the plurality of conversion modules comprises a filter configured to filter the master clock signal; and a converter configured to use the filtered master clock signal in converting between analog and digital signals.

Abstract: A pleisiochronous repeater system and components thereof are disclosed. In one particular exemplary embodiment, a pleisiochronous repeater system component may be realized as a receiver circuit comprising a clock multiplier that multiplies a reference clock signal by an integer multiple to generate a data clock signal. The receiver circuit may also comprise a divider circuit that generates a timing reference signal having a frequency that is not an integer divisor of a frequency of the reference clock signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods of measuring transport utilization are provided. A method may include receiving data regarding a number of stuff bits used to pad an unused portion of at least one frame. The at least one frame may have a fixed data payload. The method may also include determining a first transport utilization measurement based on the number of stuff bits and based on the size of the fixed data payload.

Abstract: A method of handling data in a wireless LAN comprises contending for control of the medium using a CSMA/CA mechanism or the like. Once control has been established data is sent from the node which has established that control, to a second node. The acknowledgement of receipt issued by that second node in consequence is combined with a payload at that second node and which is intended to be sent to the first node anyway, and a single frame, with the payload piggybacked onto the acknowledgement is returned to the first node. Bidirectional transmission of combined data and acknowledgement continues in a frame bursting manner until a time limit is reached or all data has been transmitted, whereafter contention commences again.

Abstract: A method for error handling of corrupted repeating primitives during frame reception is disclosed. The method comprises identifying a portion of a received frame including a repeating primitive sequence, determining whether data in the repeating primitive sequence has one or more errors, and indicating a successful reception of the received frame with the one or more errors in the repeating primitive sequence if the number of errors is less than a determined threshold. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: One or more methods and systems of effectively transmitting voice and voice band data from one node to another are presented. In one embodiment, the system comprises an NTP time server generating absolute times to computing devices such as residential voice over internet protocol (VoIP) gateways. The NTP time server generates absolute times in response to NTP time requests made by one or more computing devices such as residential VoIP gateways. In one embodiment, the method comprises determining an adequate rate for requesting absolute times from an NTP server, making periodic requests to the NTP server, obtaining the absolute times from the NTP server, and generating an adjustment parameter for use by a computing device such as a residential VoIP gateway.

Abstract: The invention provides a packet error detecting method for a PCI express bus link. When a start framing symbol of a packet appears at the PCI express bus link, the start framing symbol is ignore if a predetermined error condition is satisfied.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for automatically detecting the frame format of a data signal and automatically provisioning a port based on the detected frame format are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, a framing format detection mechanism that is suitable for use in a network within which a data signal is arranged to be transmitted includes a first device and a second device. The first device is arranged to be a part of a line card and in communication with a signal receiving port on the line card. The first device is also arranged to automatically determine a frame format associated with the data signal. The second device is arranged to display the frame format associated with the data signal substantially in real-time. In one embodiment, the first device is further arranged to automatically provision the port.

Abstract: A programmable logic device (“PLD”) includes communication interface circuitry that can support any of a wide range of communication protocols, including Packet Over Sonet (“POS-5”) and 8-bit/10-bit (“8B10B”) protocols. The interface circuitry includes various functional blocks that are at least partly hard-wired to perform particular types of functions, but that in at least many cases are also partly programmable to allow the basic functions to be adapted for various protocols. Routing of signals to, from, between, and/or around the various functional blocks is also preferably at least partly programmable to facilitate combining the functional blocks in various ways to support various protocols.

Abstract: A transmitting system inserts runt abort packets in an outgoing data stream during idle time inter-frame time fill. The runt abort packets cause the receiving system to synchronize itself to the transmitting system so that even if an error during inter-frame time fill causes the receiving system to go into an erroneous state, the receiving system will be synchronized with the transmitting system before receiving valid data. In one embodiment, the transmitting system transmits data in packets over SONET. The packet data is scrambled at the transmitting end and descrambled at the receiving end. Runt abort packets sent during inter-frame time fill resynchronize the descrambler. If there is an error in the inter-frame time fill bytes, causing the receiving end descrambler to no longer be synchronized with the transmitting end scrambler, the runt abort packets will cause the descrambler to resynchronize state with the transmitting scrambler.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method, apparatus and system of processing received wireless signals. The apparatus, according to some demonstrative embodiments of the invention, may include a network interface configured to convert the received wireless signals into output signals to be provided to a host processor, the network interface having a first mode of operation, in which the output signals have base-band values corresponding to base-band values of the received signals, and a second mode of operation, in which the output signals have values representing a data frame of the received signals. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: Briefly, a system that maps SONET/SDH data to an OTN frame using justification commands. Briefly, a system that de-maps an OTN frame into SONET/SDH data using justification commands.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for detecting priority of data frames comprising the steps of extracting (S1) a bit pattern from a predetermined position in a frame, comparing (S2, S3) said extracted bit pattern with a search pattern, and identifying (S4) said received frame as a priority frame in case said extracted bit pattern (BP) matches with said first search pattern (SP). By this method, the priority of a data frame can easily be detected. The invention also proposes a corresponding device for detecting priority of data frames.

Abstract: A method of acquiring a received spread spectrum signal, especially a GPS signal, is disclosed together with a spread spectrum signal receiver and a cellular telephone incorporating such a receiver. The method comprises the steps of: providing a replica signal containing a pseudorandom noise code, corresponding to that of the spread spectrum signal; providing a subject signal containing two fragments of the spread spectrum signal initially received during respective time periods between which a further time period elapses; and coherently correlating the replica signal with the subject signal over the two fragments.

Abstract: Methods and systems provide approaches to start code emulation prevention at a granularity higher than the bit level. By operating at a level other than the bit level, processing capability requirements on both the encoder and decoder side can be reduced. In accordance with one or more embodiments, a start code emulation prevention method looks for data patterns relative to fixed-size data portions larger than single bits. When a particular pattern is found, start code emulation prevention data is inserted to prevent start code emulation. The inserted data is larger than a single bit and, in some embodiments, comprises a byte. When a decoder decodes data that has had start code emulation prevention data inserted, it can easily identify legitimate start codes and then can remove the start code emulation prevention data to provide the original data that was protected.

Abstract: Method of processing a transmitted encoded media data stream is received. If a data element arrives prior to, or at, a predetermined playout deadline, the data element is decoded, the media represented by the decoded data element is played, and the data element is provided to a decoder state machine to update a decoder state. If a data element arrives after the predetermined playout deadline, the data element is provided to the decoder state machine to update the decoder state. In one embodiment, if the specified data element fails to arrive by the playout deadline, a subsequently received data element is saved in memory. Then, if the specified data element arrives after the predetermined playout deadline, the specified data element and the saved, subsequently received, data element are provided to the decoder state machine to update the decoder state.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a chip includes sampling circuitry to produce oversampled data from a received signal, and logic to determine which of the oversampled data are to be part of different unit intervals, wherein some of the unit intervals have a number of oversampled data that is different than a number of oversampled data typically included in the unit intervals. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: This invention adds one extra bit which can be viewed as a shadow of most significant bit of the serial register. This extra register bit is referred as buffer_flop. When the receive data is coming in, the data bits keep shifting into the serial register of the serializer block bit by bit. The first bits enters into the most significant bit of the serial register and is shifted towards the least significant bit of the serial register. When a whole block of bits (32 bits) are received, the serializer is full and is read into the VBUS clock domain. The first bit of next block of bits is stored in the buffer flop. The second bit is stored in the most significant bit of the serializer and the buffer flop bit is copied into the second most significant bit of the serializer. Subsequent bits are received and right shifted by one.

Abstract: A method and system for performing initial cell search is disclosed. Step 1 processing is preformed to detect a peak primary synchronization code (PSC) location (i.e. chip offset or chip location). Step 2 processing is performed to obtain the toffset and code group. Step 3 processing is performed to identify the midamble of a base station with which the WTRU performing the initial cell search may synchronize with.

Abstract: A method and system for providing error resiliency in processing a multimedia bitstream. The bitstream includes a start code pattern and the method and system detect the start code pattern and track its location to prevent the bitstream processor from overrunning the start code pattern of a subsequent block of multimedia data and corrupting the subsequent block of data. A shift length limiter receives a location of the start code pattern and the location of a current bit pointer. The shift length limiter calculates the number of bits between the start code pattern location and the current bit pointer location. When the shift length limiter receives a bit shift request, the shift length limiter prevents shifting if the number of bits in the bit shift request exceeds the calculated number of bits between the start code pattern location and the current bit pointer location.

Abstract: In a method and a circuit for timing pulse generation, a frame pulse of a corresponding system is masked when an alarm signal of either a working system or a protection system is received, a monitoring window which indicates an absorbable range of delay time difference between the frame pulses is generated upon an arrival of the frame pulse of the system selected by a switching signal, when the alarm signal of a system not selected is generated upon selection of the switching signal. Alternatively, a request signal for regenerating the monitoring window which indicates an absorbable range of delay time difference between the frame pulses is provided upon an arrival of the frame pulse of the system selected by the switching signal, when a slip signal is generated upon selection of the switching signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transceiver couplable to a communications network having a jitter control processor and method of operating the same. In one aspect of the present invention, the jitter control processor of the transceiver includes a receiver stage. The receiver stage includes: (1) a receive time error measurement system configured to generate a receive time error signal as a function of a receive clock signal experiencing jitter and a feedback signal, (2) a jitter processing circuit configured to develop a dejittered control signal as a function of the time error signal, and (3) a clock generator system configured to provide the feedback signal as a function of the dejittered control signal and a transceiver local clock signal.

Abstract: In a method of estimating a bit rate (f1) of a digital signal conveyed through a SONET network between an originating node and a terminating node, the digital signal received by the originating node is processed to determine a result of a first function of the signal bit rate (f1) and a respective Tx local reference frequency (f2) of the originating node. A result of a second function of the Tx local reference frequency (f2) and a respective Rx local reference frequency (f3) of the terminating node is calculated. Finally, a result of a third function of the respective first and second function results is calculated, to derive an estimate of the signal bit rate (f4) relative to the Rx local reference frequency (f3).

Abstract: A system and method are provided for a sampled accumulation method that maps information into Synchronous Payload Envelopes (SPEs). The method buffers data from a plurality of tributaries, and sequentially stores buffer-fill information for each tributary in a first memory, at a rate of up to one tributary per system clock (Fsys) cycle. A stored accumulation of buffer-fill information for each tributary is updated at a sample rate frequency (Fsample), where Fsample?Fsys. The stored accumulation of buffer-fill information is used to calculate stuff bit opportunities for each tributary. As a result, the rate of data being mapped into outgoing tributaries is regulated, and the outgoing mapped tributaries are combined in a SPE.

Abstract: The invention relates to producing data traffic where the time intervals between successive data frames follow a predetermined probability distribution. In the present invention, it is surprisingly discovered that a time interval of a desired length between successive data frames can be produced by setting a certain bit quantity of digital stuffing data, defined on the basis of the target length of the time interval target, in a buffer memory (101), where successive data frames are waiting to be transmitted. The digital stuffing data is set in the buffer memory (101), so that the stuffing data is, in the read-out order, located between successive data frames.

Abstract: Methods and structures of performing multi-level comma detection and alignment on an unaligned data stream. Each string of N consecutive bits in the unaligned data stream is monitored for a predetermined byte value. When the predetermined byte value is located, the unaligned data stream is aligned with the predetermined byte value, producing a partially aligned data stream. A string of bytes from the partially aligned data stream is then compared with a predetermined sequence of byte values. When the predetermined sequence is located, the partially aligned data stream is aligned based on the location of the predetermined sequence within the partially aligned data stream. The invention also encompasses multi-level comma detection and alignment circuits that can perform, for example, the previously described inventive methods.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing an identification series of bits by iteratively reading the identification series and logical OR'ing the identification series with a mask string after each read of the identification series. This produces a mask string having a first value in all positions of the mask string where bits in the identification series have never changed value during all of the readings of the identification series, representing stable bits, and a second value in all positions of the mask string where bits in the identification series have changed value during at least one of the readings of the identification series, representing unstable bits. The number of the unstable bits in the mask string having the second value is counted, and a method failure code is selectively reported when the number of unstable bits exceeds a maximum allowable number of unstable bits. An identification string is produced from the stable bits, and an identification code is calculated from the identification string.