Abstract: A vehicular control system includes a first electronic control unit (ECU) and a second ECU disposed at a vehicle. The first and second ECUs are in digital communication with one another via a communication link. The first ECU transmits a first frame to the second ECU, which, responsive to receiving the first frame from the first ECU, transmits a second frame to the first ECU. The first ECU, responsive to receiving the second frame from the second ECU, determines a propagation delay based on an amount of time between when the first ECU transmitted the first frame to the second ECU and when the first ECU received the second frame from the second ECU. The first ECU, responsive to determining the propagation delay, transmits a time synchronization frame to the second ECU that is based at least in part on the determined propagation delay.

Abstract: A transceiver for sending and receiving data from a controller area network (CAN) bus is disclosed. The transceiver includes a microcontroller port, a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver is configured to detect a CRC delimiter or an error signal in a CAN frame and after the detection, allow a microcontroller coupled with the microcontroller port to only send a predetermined data pattern until a bus idle is detected.

Abstract: This application provides a method for sending and receiving a clock synchronization packet in FlexE. The method includes: generating, by a sending apparatus, indication information and a plurality of data blocks, where the plurality of data blocks are obtained by encoding a first clock synchronization packet, the indication information is used to indicate a first data block, and the first data block is a data block used for timestamp sampling in the plurality of data blocks; determining, by the sending apparatus, according to the indication information, a moment at which the first data block arrives at a medium dependent interface MDI of the sending apparatus, and generating a sending timestamp, where the sending timestamp is used to record a sending moment of the first clock synchronization packet; generating a second clock synchronization packet carrying the sending timestamp; and sending, by the sending apparatus, the second clock synchronization packet.

Abstract: This application discloses a grant-free transmission method, a terminal device, and a network device. The method includes: sending, by a terminal device, control information to a network device on a grant-free transmission resource; and receiving, by the terminal device, feedback information that is sent by the network device based on the control information. In this way, the terminal device sends the control information to the network device on the grant-free transmission resource, so that in a data transmission process, the terminal device can obtain a transmission parameter or resource information and properly adjust the transmission process of the terminal device in a timely manner.

Abstract: Systems, methods, circuits and computer-readable mediums for a network message translator are disclosed. In an embodiment, a device includes a host processor and a translator. The host processor is configured to process messages and the translator is operable to: receive a first message from the host processor, the first message having a first frame format that is associated with a data time window; translate the first message into a first translated message having a second frame format such that the first translated message includes additional bits based on the second frame format; and sending the first translated message on a bus based on the second frame format such that the first translated message is sent on the bus during the data time window.

Abstract: A method used in a network device for outputting data to a bus with a data bus width at each cycle includes: using a packet generating circuit for generating idle data after an end of packet for a packet at a cycle and generating a start of packet for a next packet at a different cycle; and using an inter-packet gap (IPG) generating circuit for receiving data transmitted from the packet generating circuit, dynamically writing the received data into the buffer, and inserting a gap of idle data between the end of packet and the start of packet according to the end of packet and the idle data generated by the packet generating circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and a method for controlling data interface. The apparatus for controlling data interface comprises: a transmitting terminal outputting signal including a CDR (Clock Data Recovery) training signal, an align training signal and display data sequentially; a receiving terminal inputting the signals from the transmitting terminal; and a Rx monitoring device detecting an abnormal status of the receiving terminal by monitoring an input timing signal and an operating status of the receiving terminal, and resetting the receiving terminal when the receiving terminal operates abnormally.

Abstract: A local area network having multiplexing means for establishing out-of-band channels along with corresponding Ethernet channels over shared transmission media of twisted pair cables. The out-of-band channels are configured for implementing a separate packet switching system for operating a dedicated network application such as IP telephony communications; power sourcing equipment (PSE) may be further provided for supplying inline power over the twisted pair cables; and means for network access control and device location tracking may be further implemented for the separate packet switching system.

Abstract: Certain aspects of a method and system for speed negotiation for twisted pair links in fiber channel systems are disclosed. Aspects of a method may include communicating data between fiber channel host devices communicatively coupled via a twisted pair link based on a common speed negotiated between the fiber channel host devices. At least one available speed may be determined for the communication of data between the fiber channel host devices over the twisted pair link. The determined available speeds for each of the fiber channel host devices may be exchanged via at least one fast link pulse signal. The common speed negotiated may be a highest available speed for the communication of data between the fiber channel host devices.

Abstract: A control network communication arrangement includes a second protocol embedded into a first protocol in a way that modules supporting the second protocol may be aware of and utilize the first protocol whereas modules supporting only the first protocol may not be aware of the second protocol. Operation of modules using the second protocol does not disturb operation of the modules not configured to use or understand the second protocol. By one approach, the messages sent using the second protocol will be seen as messages sent using the first protocol but not having a message necessary to understand or as needing a particular response. In another approach, modules using the second protocol can be configured to send messages within a CAN message frame without being compatible with CAN.

Abstract: A timing source is provided for sending timing information via a packet network. The source comprises a first clock for generating the timing information and a packet forming section for forming a sequence of packets. An output section in the form of a packet launch control section transmits the packets via the network as packet bursts, each of which comprises a plurality of packets with the intervals between consecutive packets of each burst being less than the intervals between consecutive packets. A time-stamping section inserts into each packet a transmission time derived from the timing information generated by the clock.

Abstract: A device for enabling a local area network wiring structure to simultaneously carry digital data and analog telephone signals on the same transmission medium. It is particularly applicable to a network in star topology, in which remote data units (e.g. personal computers) are each connected to a hub through a cable comprising at least two pairs of conductors, providing a data communication path in each direction. Modules at each end of the cable provide a phantom path for telephony (voice band) signals between a telephone near the data set and a PBX, through both conductor pairs in a phantom circuit arrangement. All such communication paths function simultaneously and without mutual interference. The modules comprise simple and inexpensive passive circuit components.

Abstract: Systems, methodologies, and devices are described that facilitate transmitting a guard time parameter to a mobile device to facilitate rate matching data around a guard time region associated with a downlink subframe of a radio frame sequence. A base station transmits the guard time parameter via PBCH or DBCH to the mobile device. The base station rate matches data associated with PDSCH, comprising DBCH, around the guard time region, and transmits PDSCH to the mobile device. The mobile device identifies the guard time parameter and rate matches at least a portion of the information received via the PDSCH around the guard time region to facilitate enhanced reception of PDSCH. Optionally, a radio frame sequence can be structured so that a subframe immediately following a subframe containing DBCH is a downlink subframe, which can be known by the mobile device a priori or based on a downlink subframe parameter.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and processor readable media are disclosed for encoding and transmitting first media content and second media content using a digital radio broadcast system, such that the second media content can be rendered in synchronization with the first media content by a digital radio broadcast receiver. The disclosed systems, methods, and processor-readable media determine when a receiver will render audio and data content that is transmitted at a given time by the digital radio broadcast transmitter, and adjust the media content accordingly to provide synchronized rendering. In exemplary embodiments, these adjustments can be provided by: 1) inserting timing instructions specifying playback time in the secondary content based on calculated delays; or 2) controlling the timing of sending the primary or secondary content to the transmitter so that it will be rendered in synchronization by the receiver.

Abstract: The present invention relates to communication, in particular to communication involving analogue-like signals that are multiplexed together. There is provided a method of communicating with a plurality of devices, each of which of which provides a signal whose amplitude varies in an analogue fashion, the method including the steps of: temporally interleaving the signals from the devices so as to form a multiplexed signal having a plurality of sequential pulses, which pulses can, in an analogue fashion, each have an amplitude within a continuous range, each pulse originating from a respective device, and each pulse having a plurality of temporal portions; and, forming a synchronisation signal within the multiplexed signal for demultiplexing the multiplexed signal, the synchronisation signal being formed by reducing the amplitude within a temporal portion of at least some of the pulses.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for range extension is wireless communication systems. One embodiment of the method includes determining whether a mobile unit is within a first range corresponding to a range of timing advances supported by a timing advance command. This embodiment also includes transmitting a plurality of timing advance commands to the mobile unit when the mobile unit is outside the first range so that the mobile unit can synchronize with the base station by combining information in the plurality of timing advance commands.

Abstract: A synchronization method for impulse system ultra-wideband takes frame as basic unit for data transmission, each frame is divided into a preamble symbol part and a data part, wherein the preamble symbol part sends a known impulse sequence for channel estimation and synchronization; the data part takes the information to be transmitted; the preamble symbol part is divided into two parts of a positive and negative impulse sequence, which includes odd impulses with alternant positive and negative polarities, and a same direction impulse sequence, which is composed of impulses with same polarity and is the same as the polarity of the last impulse in the positive and negative impulse sequence. The method provides such advantages as high synchronization precision, small storage space, and capability of immediately finding out the synchronization position etc., and provides an important value for the development of the impulse system ultra-wideband wireless communication technique.

Abstract: A data Interface for transferring digital data between a host and a client over a communication path using packet structures linked together to form a communication protocol for communicating a pre-selected set of digital control and presentation data. The signal protocol is used by link controllers configured to generate, transmit, and receive packets forming the communications protocol, and to form digital data into one or more types of data packets, with at least one residing in the host device and being coupled to the client through the communications path. The interface provides a cost-effective, low power, bi-directional, high-speed data transfer mechanism over a short-range “serial” type data link, which lends itself to implementation with miniature connectors and thin flexible cables which are especially useful in connecting display elements such as wearable micro-displays to portable computers and wireless communication devices.

Abstract: A base station apparatus determines which mode of a subframe bundling mode (second mode) and a non-bundling mode (first mode) should be used by a user apparatus for communication, and reports a determination result. In the first mode, RTT period is a first period, and each of transmission and retransmission of the signal is performed every 1 TTI. In the second mode, RTT period is a second period that is longer than the first period, and each of transmission and retransmission of the signal is performed every plurality of TTIs. A radio resource to be used for retransmission is determined according to a first frequency hopping pattern in the first mode, and is determined according to a second frequency hopping pattern that is different from the first frequency hopping pattern in the second mode.

Abstract: Certain aspects of a method and system for speed negotiation for twisted pair links in fiber channel systems are disclosed. Aspects of a method may include communicating data between fiber channel host devices communicatively coupled via a twisted pair link based on a common speed negotiated between the fiber channel host devices. At least one available speed may be determined for the communication of data between the fiber channel host devices over the twisted pair link. The determined available speeds for each of the fiber channel host devices may be exchanged via at least one fast link pulse signal. The common speed negotiated may be a highest available speed for the communication of data between the fiber channel host devices.

Abstract: A first PHY may be coupled to a second PHY via a network link. The first PHY may transition from a role of timing master for the network link to a role of timing slave for the network link. During a first time interval subsequent to the transition, the PHYs may communicate half-duplex over the link while the first PHY synchronizes to a transmit clock of the second PHY. During a second time interval, the PHYs may communicate full-duplex while the second Ethernet PHY synchronizes to a transmit clock of the first PHY. Also during the second time interval, the first PHY may determine that the first PHY and the second PHY are synchronized. Subsequent to the determination, the PHYs may begin full-duplex communication of data on the network link.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the communication field and discloses a method and an apparatus for implementing pulse synchronization, so that the control on a single-chip multi-channel device can be simplified. A method for implementing pulse synchronization includes: when a cycle count value corresponding to a reference symbol port of the multiple ports reaches a length of a predetermined pulse cycle, obtaining, by a microprocessor, cycle count values corresponding to the multiple ports; obtaining lengths of temporary synchronization cycles of the multiple ports according to the length of the predetermined pulse cycle and the cycle count values corresponding to the multiple ports; and sending the lengths of the temporary synchronization cycles to logic circuits corresponding to the multiple ports. Embodiments of the present invention are mainly applied in communication systems to output pulse symbols synchronously.

Abstract: A method of demodulating at a receiver a plurality of symbols bk comprised in a e.g. UWB, received signal y(t), said receiver having knowledge of a time hopping sequence vector c of the transmitted signal, said method comprising the step of: generating a plurality of frequency-domain samples from the received signal y(t). It further comprises the steps of: from said plurality of frequency-domain samples and said time hopping sequence vector c, applying a coarse estimation stage (7) for identifying the beginning of a first complete symbol (formula A) in an acquisition interval; applying a stage for fine estimation (8) of the time delay (formula B) of each symbol bk, wherein k denotes the k-th symbol, by searching a relative maximum at which a signal energy distribution exceeds a certain threshold Pth; from said fine estimation of the time delay (formula B) of each symbol bk, demodulating (formula C) said symbols bk.

Abstract: A method (300) and apparatus (200) that mitigates downlink control channel interference is disclosed. The method can include receiving (320) a transmission from a network entity and determining (330) a first timing offset to transmit a downlink subframe based on the transmission received from the network entity. The method can include receiving (340) an uplink transmission from a mobile terminal and determining (350) a second timing offset based on the first timing offset and based on the received uplink transmission. The method can include transmitting (360) a timing advance command to the mobile terminal, the timing advance command including the second timing offset.

Abstract: A method for multiplexing and mapping services to an Optical channel Transport Unit (OTU) includes: filling the service data into a container block covering an Optical channel Payload Unit (OPU) area container having at least one frame. The container block includes at least one OPU area container having a frame. The OPU area container is composed of at least one OPU area sub-timeslot, and is configured to fill the service clock information into the Optical Channel Payload Unit Overload (OPU OH) area. A device for multiplexing and mapping services to an OTU is provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

Abstract: A timing control system includes a counter that is initiated by a time accurate strobe (TAS) signal. A counter value is recorded when a message arrives in a buffer. A baseband integrated circuit (BBIC) calculates an integer number of counter periods and a fraction of a counter period corresponding to a timing correction value received from a base station. The BBIC issues a TAS signal during a counter period that occurs at the integer number of counter periods. At an expiration of the fraction of an ensuing counter period, the first one of a plurality of frame time slots is sent from the buffer to an antenna via a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC). The BBIC calculates, then stores in a memory, timing adjust values for the plurality of frame time slots so that each frame time slot can be time adjusted during message transmissions without an issuance of an additional TAS signal.

Abstract: An adaptive clock recovery (ACR) system has a first closed-loop control processor (e.g., a first proportional-integral (PI) processor) that processes an input phase signal indicative of jittery packet arrival times to generate a mean phase reference. The input phase signal is compared to the mean phase reference to generate delay-offset values that are indicative of the delay-floor corresponding to the packet arrival times. The mean phase reference and the delay-offset values are used to generate offset-compensated phase values corresponding to the delay-floor. The ACR system also has a second closed-loop control processor (e.g., a second PI processor) that smoothes the offset-compensated phase values to generate an output phase signal that can be used to generate a relatively phase stable recovered clock signal, even during periods of varying network load that adversely affect the uniformity of the packet arrival times.

Abstract: A wireless communication device comprises a first sub-system arranged to pass data to a second sub-system comprising timing synchronization logic operably coupled to a counter, such that data is sampled by the timing synchronization logic when passed to the second sub-system from the first sub-system wherein the wireless communication device is characterized in that the timing synchronization logic is arranged to determine a position of a first data frame and in response thereto initiate a counting process of the counter and determine a position of a second data frame and in response thereto determine a count value from the counting process of the counter and in response to the count value determine whether to initiate a timing advance or timing retard operation on the data being passed to the second sub-system. In this manner, the inventive concept provides the wireless communication device with a mechanism to achieve timing synchronization.

Abstract: In a method of enabling synchronization for a channel in an OFDM based telecommunication system initially providing a symbol for transmission and selecting at least two carrier frequencies, subsequently determining a respective weighting parameter for the selected frequencies and finally transmitting the symbol on all selected frequencies based on the weighting parameters.

Abstract: A wireless communication system includes a base station and a terminal station. The base station extracts paths that have a power level that exceeds a predetermined threshold value from delay profiles of the terminal station as available paths, selects a path having a maximum power or a first path from the available paths as a reference path, calculates a time difference between an arrival time of the reference path and a predetermined maximum arrival time, and transmits a result to the terminal station as a transmission timing control signal. The terminal station adjusts the transmission timing to the base station according to the time difference. The base station transmits the transmission timing control signal only when the base station detects the reference path.

Abstract: Systems and techniques are disclosed wherein a gated pilot signal can be re-acquired faster by searching a last known pilot offset and/or searching a last coset in which the last pilot signal was found.

Abstract: Embodiments of a multi-radio wireless communication device and methods for synchronizing wireless network and Bluetooth (BT) communications are generally described herein. Other embodiments may be described and claimed. In some embodiments, a BT radio module adjusts a master clock signal by a predetermined step size before each subsequent BT transmission in response to a frame sync pulse from a wireless network radio module to reduce a time difference between subsequent frame sync pulses and synchronization reference points of BT slots.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and computer program products are disclosed for clock signal synchronization among computers in a network, including designating, as a primary clock signal for all the computers in a network, a clock signal from one of the computers in the network; providing the primary clock signal, simultaneously and in parallel, from the computer whose clock signal is designated as the primary clock signal to all the other computers in the network; and providing the primary clock signal, simultaneously and in parallel, from each computer in the network to all computers in the network through multiplexers and phase locked loops, with the primary clock signal locked in phase across all the computers by a phase locked loop on each computer.

Abstract: A receiving device includes: a first signal processor, for receiving a radio frequency signal, and converting the radio frequency signal to generate a first signal, where the radio frequency signal includes a plurality of frames; a second signal processor, coupled to the first signal processor, for performing a Fourier transform operation on the first signal according to a synchronization signal to generate an output signal; a first filter, coupled to the first signal processor, for filtering the first signal to generate a second signal; and a synchronization detection circuit, coupled to the first filter, for detecting the second signal to generate the synchronization signal. The first signal includes a channel signal and at least a portion of neighboring channel signals from neighboring channels, and the output signal corresponds to the channel signal.

Abstract: An RF transmitter that, during a transmission session, transmits multiple data slices, which are synchronized to each other by a transmit counter. Typically, the time between transmission of consecutive data slices is constant; however, to synchronize the transmission session with a base station, the time between transmission of consecutive data slices may be occasionally adjusted. By using the transmit counter to synchronize data transmissions, effects of uncompensated latencies or variances in latencies may be reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of generating a downlink signal and searching a cell on the basis of the downlink signal in an OFDM-based cellular system. The downlink signal includes a plurality of synchronization blocks each having a plurality of sub-frames, and a synchronization pattern composed of a combination of a cell group identification code for identifying a cell group and a frame synchronization identification code for indicating a frame start point is generated in each of the synchronization blocks. Different frame synchronization identification codes are allocated to the synchronization blocks.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of early starting the operation of a descrambler. The method comprises the steps of receiving a, synchronous byte of a transport packet in a group of m packets, where m is an integer, generating an alignment index to indicate a location of the synchronous byte, delivering the alignment index to the descrambler, and loading an initialization sequence to the descrambler in accordance with the alignment index and starting an operation of the descrambler.

Abstract: A system and method for flexible data provision to mobile communication devices, which enables the user to selectively download data to the mobile communication device from a remote computer. The selective data download may optionally apply to one or more of a single item of data, to multiple items of data, one or more categories of data and the like. Preferably, the user interface provided through the remote computer comprises a mark-up language document, such as a Web page for example.

Abstract: A reference time distribution system and method use a data transmission network having a plurality of nodes to distribute the House Sync signal. A network-wide time signal is generated using a reference time generator, and the network-wide time signal is then distributed over the network to the plurality of nodes. At each node, the network-wide time signal is converted to a local synchronization signal for use in performing synchronization of the timing of each node. Either network-inherent timing and/or additional time signaling is used to provide the nodes attached to this network with a network-wide notion of time. The time information is converted locally into synchronization signals or time information as required by a respective application. When data is transported over the network, delay compensation is performed to simultaneously output different data streams that have been synchronously input into the network, regardless of the data path.

Abstract: A base station including a transmitting and receiving amplifier for amplifying CDMA signals exchanged with a mobile station; a radio stage connected to the transmitting and receiving amplifier for carrying out D/A conversion of a transmitted signal that undergoes baseband spreading, followed by quadrature modulation, and for carrying out quasi-coherent detection of a received signal, followed by A/D conversion; a baseband signal processor connected with the radio stage for carrying out baseband signal processing of the transmitted signal and the received signal; a transmission interface connected with the baseband signal processor for implementing interface with external channels; and a base station controller for carrying out control such as management of radio channels and establishment and release of the radio channels. The base station communicates with the external channels by mapping logical channels into physical channels. The CDMA signals are spread using a short code and a long code.

Abstract: Data is transmitted via time division multiple access methods and every radio cell includes one base station each for the radio coverage of a plurality of mobile stations assigned to the radio cell. The base station receives, in addition to mobile station signals of its own radio cell, mobile station signals of neighboring radio cells and determines, on the basis of the mobile station signals received, a time synchronization value and/or a frequency synchronization value to which the base station synchronizes itself.

Abstract: A wireless local area network (WLAN) transceiving integrated circuit services voice communications in a WLAN with at least one other WLAN device. The WLAN transceiving integrated circuit includes a WLAN interface, an input buffer, a transcoder, and a processor. The WLAN interface wirelessly communicates with the at least one WLAN device to receive packetized audio data from the at least one WLAN device. The input buffer operably couples to the WLAN interface and receives the packetized audio data from the WLAN interface. The transcoder converts the packetized audio data to Pulse Code Modulated (PCM) audio data and outputs the PCM audio data to a coupled audio COder/DECoder (CODEC) such that the PCM audio data is substantially temporally aligned with Radio Frequency (RF) slots of the WLAN interface.

Abstract: Methods of searching for a sync word in an MPEG compressed audio bitstream including a plurality of MPEG audio frames can include determining whether first data in the bitstream has a value equal to a sync word value. It can be determined whether the first data is a valid sync word based on a comparison of a plurality of data that are separated in the bitstream from the first data by at least a frame length to the sync word value.

Abstract: A communications system for controlling equipment associated with a vehicle, includes a micro-controller (604) and a digital serial communication link (621, 622, 662, 663) using a multiplexed timing signal and first data signal. A camera or image sensor (650) located in the vehicular component communicates with the micro-controller (604) via the digital serial communication link.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for synchronizing timing of Access Points (APs) and/or Synchronization Units (SUs) includes (a) arranging a cable having at least four pairs of twisted wires connected between two or more fixed APs and/or SUs in a network; (b) assigning a first pair of the twisted wires to carry a positive D.C. voltage to at least one AP or SU; (C) assigning a second pair of the twisted wires to carry a negative D.C. voltage to at least one AP or SU; (d) providing to the first and second pairs of rails a series of synchronization pulses generated from a synchronization source and capacitively-coupled to the first and second pairs of twisted wires so as to supply a composite signal; and (e) reconstructing the generated synchronization pulses by detecting pulses on the positive and negative D.C. voltages at a receiving end by at least one AP or SU.

Abstract: A system and method for state synchronization between a base station and a mobile station in a mobile communication system. A count value indicative of a state change of the base station is received. The received current count value is compared with a previous count value previously received and stored. If the current count value is different from the previous count value, the mobile station performs a network entry procedure with the base station.

Abstract: A method of synchronizing a network includes transmitting a tone signal to convey time information and setting a local time according to the conveyed time information. The method may also include detecting an occurrence of a predefined aspect of the tone signal, and setting a local time based on the occurrence of the predefined aspect of the signal.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for detecting the start-of-packet in a wireless receiver operating in a packetized wireless network. One method embodiment includes calculating a plurality of start of packet (SOP) indicators, each for one or more of a plurality of receive chains in the receiver; determining one or more linear combinations of respective pluralities of the calculated SOP indicators to form one or more combined SOP indicators; comparing each of a plurality of SOP indicators or combined SOP indicators, including at least one of the combined SOP indicators to a respective threshold to form one or more respective SOP events; and, in the case there is more than one SOP event, determining a logic function of the SOP events to form a SOP decision event.

Abstract: A packet preamble search method is disclosed for locating a packet preamble with multiple predetermined patterns of a regular form within a received transmission signal with sequential multiple patterns. The pattern of the received transmission signal and the predetermined pattern of the packet preamble have the same length with even bits. The pattern of the transmission signal is sequentially compared with the predetermined pattern. A hit count is increased and a miss count is reset when the pattern of the transmission signal matches the predetermined pattern. The miss count is increased and the hit count is decreased when the pattern of the transmission signal does not match the predetermined pattern. The hit count and the miss count are reset when the hit count is less than or equal to the miss count. An address matching procedure is activated when the hit count exceeds or is equal to a threshold value.

Abstract: Local Interconnect Network message budget calculation error is reduced by utilizing an eight bit time measurement of the sync byte in the message header. The method determines the header budget separately from the data budget, simplifying the required logic. The sync byte reference time is multiplied by the message data size to determine the data budget.