Abstract: There is provided an alignment material for a liquid crystal (LC) lens comprising a co-polymer of a photosensitive monomer and at least one alkyl methacrylate monomer. The material allows for the fabrication of a LC lens or LC lens system that is self-aligned and polarization-independent.

Abstract: A photoelectric switch for detection of an object. The photoelectric switch comprises: a light transmitter unit comprising plural light transmitters configured to emit plural light signals; a light receiver unit comprising plural optical fiber receivers in one-to-one correspondence with the plural light transmitters and configured to receive the plural light signals and to merge plural light signals, wherein an object detection area is defined between the plural light transmitters and the plural optical fiber receivers; a photoelectric conversion unit connected to the optical fiber receivers and configured to perform photoelectric conversions on the merged light signals outputted by the optical fiber receivers so as to generate an electric signal; and a control and processing unit connected to both the light transmitter unit and the photoelectric conversion unit, and configured to control and process the light signals and/or the electric signal.

Abstract: A near field transducer (NFT) for heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) having a dual waveguide excitation system located adjacent to opposite sides of a plasmonic antenna. The light to one of the waveguides can be passed through a phase shifter so that its electric field is 180 degrees out of phase with that of the other waveguide. In this way, the energy from each of the waveguides can be delivered to the plasmonic antenna in an additive manner while heat-sinking schemes can be implemented in the orthogonal direction for greatly improving the optical efficiency and thermal stability of the NFT.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to nanophotonics. In one aspect, an arrangement of waveguides includes a substrate and three waveguides. Each of the three waveguides may be a linear waveguide. A second waveguide is positioned between a first waveguide and a third waveguide. The dimensions and positions of the first, the second, and the third waveguides are specified to substantially eliminate coupling between the first waveguide and the third waveguide over a distance of about 1 millimeter to 2 millimeters along lengths of the first waveguide, the second waveguide, and the third waveguide.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an optical directional coupler includes an input terminal configured to receive an input optical signal and a first coupler optically coupled to the input terminal, where the first coupler has a first coupling length, and where the first coupler is configured to couple a first portion of the input optical signal to a first optical leg and a second optical portion of the input optical signal to a second optical leg. The optical directional coupler also includes the first optical leg, where the first optical leg is configured to phase shift the first portion of the optical signal to produce a first phase shift signal and the second optical leg, where the second optical leg is configured to phase shift the second portion of the optical signal to produce a second phase shift signal, and where the first phase shift signal has a phase difference relative to the second phase shift signal.

Abstract: A high density, low power, high performance information system, method and apparatus are described in which an integrated circuit apparatus includes a plurality of deflectable MEMS optical beam waveguides (e.g., 190) at each die edge which are each formed with an optical beam structure (193) which is encapsulated by a waveguide beam structure (194) to extend into a deflection cavity (198) and which is surrounded by a plurality of deflection electrodes (195-197) that are positioned on walls of the deflection cavity (198) to provide two-dimensional deflection control of each deflectable MEMS optical beam waveguide in response to application of one or more deflection voltages to provide optical communications (e.g., 184) between different die.

Abstract: An optical transmitter includes: a ring waveguide; an electrode which is formed near the ring waveguide and is provided with a signal; a first waveguide optically coupled to the ring waveguide; a second waveguide optically coupled to the ring waveguide without optically coupled directly to the first waveguide; and a light source configured to supply continuous wave light to the first waveguide.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a delay line interferometer (DLI) multiplexer (MUX) includes a first stage and a second stage. The first stage includes a first DLI and a second DLI. The first DLI includes a first left input, a first right input, and a first output and has a free spectral range (FSR) that is about four times a nominal channel spacing. The second DLI includes a second left input, a second right input, and a second output and has an FSR that is about four times the nominal channel spacing. The second stage is coupled to the first stage and includes a third DLI. The third DLI includes a third left input optically coupled to the first output, a third right input optically coupled to the second output, and a third output. An FSR of the third DLI is about two times the nominal channel spacing.

Abstract: An alignment jig for an optical lens array is furnished on an optical alignment apparatus. The alignment machine is for performing active optical alignment operations of a sensor chip located on a circuit board and a lens socket plugged with a fiber plug. The alignment jig includes a support arm, a pick-up mechanism and a pushing mechanism. The support arm is fixed to the optical alignment apparatus for supporting the alignment jig. The pick-up mechanism is furnished on the support arm for picking-up and holding the lens socket in a detachable manner at a predetermined position corresponding to the sensor chip. The pushing mechanism holds the plugging status when the fiber plug is plugged into the lens socket and provides a pushing force, such that the fiber plug has a tendency to be pushed toward and engage the lens socket tightly.

Abstract: An optical filtering device (1) comprising: a ring resonator (2); and a multimode interference coupler (3) comprising two inputs (4, 7), two outputs (5, 8) and a multimode waveguide (9) connecting the two inputs to the two outputs, the coupler having a first input (4) serving as an input for the filtering device and able to receive an input optical signal (10), and a first output (5) corresponding to the output of the filtering device and able to produce an output optical signal (12), the ring resonator (2) being arranged so as to connect a second output (8) of the coupler to a second input (7) of the coupler, wherein the filtering device comprises a tuning element (6) able to modify locally the refractive index in the coupling zone (11) of said multimode waveguide (9) in order to vary a coupling coefficient between the coupler (3) and the ring resonator (2).

Abstract: A method, a system, and an apparatus for transmitting data information by using optical signals are disclosed. The method includes: selecting at least two optical carriers, where the at least two optical carriers correspond to at least two optical frequency slots, and a vacant optical frequency slot or an optical frequency slot occupied by other optical signals exists between the two optical frequency slots; modulating data information onto the at least two optical carriers to form a channel of optical signals, so that the channel of optical signals occupies the at least two optical frequency slots, and a vacant optical frequency slot or an optical frequency slot occupied by other optical signals exists between the two optical frequency slots; and sending the channel of optical signals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (and a corresponding method) for the interference structuring of a planar sample, comprising a laser, a focusing element, which is arranged in the beam path of the laser and by means of which the laser radiation can be focused in a first spatial direction, a first prism, in particular a biprism, which is arranged in the beam path of the laser and by means of which the laser radiation can be directed at a sample volume in a second spatial direction preferably perpendicular to the first spatial direction by means of two beams, in such a way that the two beams interfere within the sample volume in an interference area, the sample volume, in which the planar sample is or can be placed in the interference area, and a moving unit, by means of which the beam(s) of the laser radiation can be moved in the first, the second, or the first and second spatial directions and/or by means of which a/the sample can be moved in the sample volume in the first, the second, or the first and secon

Abstract: As kilowatt class fiber laser and amplifier systems become more in demand, there are ongoing efforts to improve optical fiber laser and amplifier designs to maximize efficiency and further increase the capacity of these high-energy optical fiber lasers and amplifiers. The present disclosure provides a fiber laser or amplifier system configured to efficiently and conveniently generate and couple high numerical aperture and high-energy pump light into a fiber laser or amplifier system.

Abstract: A device and a method are provided for merging a plurality of optical components associated with one wavelength into an optical component associated with the wavelength. The merging device includes, for each optical component of the plurality of components for merging: an optical element arranged to switch to a blocking position for blocking the optical component for merging, as a function of a blocking signal; a duplication element arranged to duplicate the optical component for merging for sending to combination element. The combination element is arranged to obtain the blocking signal by combining the duplicated optical components of the plurality of components other than the optical component for merging. A merging element is arranged to merge the optical components output by the optical element. The merging device may be integrated in an optical combiner of optical signals.

Abstract: Coupled-resonator optical waveguides (CROW) can be used to control a speed of an optical signal. In particular, the coupling distance between the resonators can be adjusted to precisely control a group delay of an optical wave. Systems and methods are described to control such coupling distance in a CROW.

Abstract: A fiber optic telecommunications device includes a frame and a fiber optic module including a rack mount portion, a center portion, and a main housing portion. The rack mount portion is stationarily coupled to the frame, the center portion is slidably coupled to the rack mount portion along a sliding direction, and the main housing portion is slidably coupled to the center portion along the sliding direction. The main housing portion of the fiber optic module includes fiber optic connection locations for connecting cables to be routed through the frame. The center portion of the fiber optic module includes a radius limiter for guiding cables between the main housing portion and the frame, the center portion also including a latch for unlatching the center portion for slidable movement. Slidable movement of the center portion with respect to the rack mount portion moves the main housing portion with respect to the frame along the sliding direction.

Abstract: Optical dispersion compensation devices are provided herein that are based on one or more optical ring resonators. The degree of dispersion compensation can be selected by controlling the degree of under-coupling and by tuning physical properties of the optical ring resonators. In a first implementation, an optical ring resonator under-coupled to an optical throughput bus can be used to provide positive or negative dispersion compensation depending on tuning of the optical ring resonator, which widens the dispersion window. In a second implementation, an over-coupled optical ring resonator can be added to the optical throughput bus to provide a cascaded filter. In a third implementation optical ring resonators arranged in series between an optical input bus and an optical output bus can be used to both tune dispersion compensation and provide demultiplexing.

Abstract: A pre-terminated fiber optic connector is provided for coupling electronic components and devices. A multi-fiber optical cable assembly or multi-fiber interconnection module can facilitate optical coupling while maximizing available optical path bandwidth inherent to standard connectors. In an embodiment, a “2×24/24 to 2×20/24+1×8/12” configuration can be employed.

Abstract: A method for detecting a submarine optical cable line includes: splitting a detection signal input to a first optical functional unit in an optical functional module of an optical cable line into a first detection signal and a second detection signal; directly coupling and looping back the first detection signal to an output end of a second optical functional unit in a direction opposite to the first optical functional unit to constitute a first loopback path, and outputting a first detection loopback signal; looping back the second detection signal passing through the first optical functional unit to the output end of the second optical functional unit to constitute a second loopback path, and outputting a second detection loopback signal; and detecting a status of the submarine optical cable line according to power of the first detection loopback signal and power of the second detection loopback signal.

Abstract: A system and method for increasing efficiency and power output of a multi-wavelength beam combining system through providing a common output coupler to reflect feedback that stabilizes or individually seeds each emitter, and wherein the individual feedback is preserved by mitigating cross-coupling, wherein a multi-wavelength beam comprised of radiation having a plurality of wavelengths, high brightness and power.

Abstract: A system for physical link routing includes a link routing block, comprising a volume of solid material, that defines a set of link routing paths; and a first link interface, comprising a set of access points arranged in a pattern, wherein each access point of the set of access points is associated with an endpoint of a link routing path.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment time separated pulse pairs are generated, followed by amplification to increase the available peak and/or average power. The pulses are characterized by a time separation that exceeds the input pulse width and with distinct polarization states. The time and polarization discrimination allows easy extraction of the pulses after amplification. In some embodiments polarization maintaining (PM) fibers and/or amplifiers are utilized which provides a compact arrangement. At least one implementation provides for seeding of a solid state amplifier or large core fiber amplifier with time delayed, polarization split pulses, with capability for recombining the time separated pulses at an amplifier output. In various implementations suitable combinations of bulk optics and fibers may be utilized. In some implementations wavelength converted pulse trains are generated.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for improving fidelity of a quantum operation on a quantum bit of interest. A controlled quantum gate operation, controlled by the quantum bit of interest, id performed on an ancillary quantum bit. An energy state of the ancillary quantum bit is measured to facilitate the improvement of the fidelity of the quantum operation.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an optical line transmission protection system and method. In which, the optical line transmission protection system includes: at least one stage of optical line protection segment having a transmitting end provided with a Tunable Optical Divide Module (TOD), and a receiving end provided with an OSW; the transmitting end of a local Optical Line Protector (OLP) is connected to the receiving end of an opposite OLP to form main and standby optical lines; and the TOD is configured to set splitting ratios of the main and standby optical lines according to a difference between the optical fiber states of the current working channel and non-working channel, and tune optical power distributions at respective transmitting ends of the main and standby optical lines, according to the splitting ratios of the main and standby optical lines.

Abstract: A device may include a number of optical waveguides, each of which being spaced from one another. The optical waveguides may each include at least one curved section and widths of the curved sections of the optical waveguides may be selected to reduce polarization conversion of light traversing the birefringent optical waveguides.

Abstract: A wavelength-selective path-switching element has a silicon substrate on which a pattern of optical waveguides including a first optical waveguide, a second optical waveguide and an intermediary optical waveguide is formed. The widths W1, W2, and W3 of these optical waveguides, lengths L1, L2, and spacing G1, G2 are so set that light of a first wavelength entered into the first optical waveguide propagates on the first, intermediary, and second optical waveguides, exits from the second waveguide, propagates on an output waveguide, and is outputted and that light of a second wavelength entered into the first waveguide after propagating on an input waveguide is outputted from this first waveguide. The wavelength-selective path-switching element can be easily fabricated at low cost and have no light leaking out.

Abstract: A temperature-stabilized photonic circuit comprising: a material platform; a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible, photonic device integrated on the material platform, wherein the photonic device has a positive thermo-optic coefficient; and a liquid crystal layer clad over the photonic device, wherein the liquid crystal layer has a negative thermo-optic coefficient such that the temperature of the circuit is passively stabilized through adjustment of the effective refractive index of the photonic device.

Abstract: A desired characteristic associated with a signal generated by a programmable transmitter is determined. The signal may be combined with other signals to form a combined signal, and sub-optical monitoring may be performed on the combined signal to determine an optical characteristic associated with the signal. The optical characteristic may be evaluated to determine if the programmable transmitter is operating improperly. For example, if the optical characteristic does not conform to a desired range of values, it is determined whether the optical characteristic is intentionally set outside of the desired range. A tuning instruction to reconfigure the programmable transmitter may be generated if the programmable transmitter is operating improperly.

Abstract: This display device is provided with: a light source unit having a light source and a light source substrate; a display panel; a light receiving face that is disposed on the back side of the display panel, and upon which light is incident; a light guide plate having a light exiting surface that emits light toward the back side of the display panel; a wall that faces the light receiving face in such a manner that a gap is formed between the light receiving face and the wall; a light source support member that supports the light source unit, and is inserted with the light source unit in the gap etc. from the back side of the light guide plate; and an elastic member that is disposed on the light source support member, protrudes farther toward the light receiving surface than the light source, is inserted in the gap before the light source unit, and is formed of an elastic material.

Abstract: A tunable Radio Frequency (RF) filter device includes a tunable optical source generating an optical carrier signal, and a modulator coupled to the tunable optical source and modulating the optical carrier signal with an RF input signal. The tunable RF filter device may include first and second optical waveguide paths coupled to the modulator and having first and second dispersion slopes of opposite sign from each other, one or more of the first and second optical waveguide paths comprising an optical splitter and combiner pair therein, and an optical-to-electrical converter coupled to the first and second optical waveguide paths and generating an RF output signal with a frequency notch therein based upon the tunable optical source.

Abstract: An optical modulation device including: bias power supplies that output a signal having a bias voltage corresponding to the null point of an optical modulation unit to the optical modulation unit; and synchronous detection circuits that determine whether an intensity of a QAM signal at a drift non-occurrence time where no drift occurs in the bias voltage becomes larger or smaller than the intensity of the QAM signal at a drift occurrence time where a drift occurs in the bias voltage, adjust the bias voltage to maximize the intensity of the QAM signal when determining that the intensity of the QAM signal at the drift non-occurrence time becomes larger than the intensity of the QAM signal at the drift occurrence time, and adjust the bias voltage to minimize the intensity of the QAM signal when determining that the intensity of the QAM signal at the drift non-occurrence time becomes smaller than the intensity of the QAM signal at the drift occurrence time.

Abstract: An integrated waveguide device that creates entanglement between a sequence of periodically spaced (in time) photons in a single input and output mode. The device consists of a polarization maintaining integrated waveguide chip containing a number of delay lines, integrated multimode interferometers with the potential for rapid switching, a polarization controller, an entangling gate, and off chip computer logic and timing. The device is capable of creating a diverse array of outputs such as linear cluster states and ring cluster states in a single output mode.

Abstract: A compound optical combiner for combining multiple optical signals includes a set of combiners. The set of combiners includes at least one polarization combiner optically connected to at least one non-polarization combiner. The non-polarization combiner combines a first set of input signals while preserving a polarization of each input signal in the first set of signals. The polarization combiner combines a second set of input signals while converting the polarization of at least one input signal in the second set of signals.

Abstract: A method of designing multicore optical fibers is provided. A geometry for the core arrangement is selected. At least one of i) core width, ii) core position with respect to other cores, or iii) orientation with respect to incoming, outgoing, or at least partially traversing radiation such as an inscription beam are optimized. A design space is created in which no core shadows or blocks any other core with respect to incoming, outgoing, or at least partially traversing radiation. Optimization generally includes tracing tangents of core widths against an orthogonal axis and ensuring no overlap of space between said tangents on said axis. For twisted fiber, optimization also includes optimizing effective length and twist rate of the fiber. Devices entailing such fibers, such as multicore pump coupler and multicore fiber distributed feedback laser, are also contemplated.

Abstract: An optical switch includes: a semiconductor substrate, including a first rotation part and a first torsion beam disposed at two ends of the first rotation part, where the first torsion beam is configured to drive the first rotation part to rotate; a microreflector, disposed on a surface of the first rotation part of the semiconductor substrate; a first latching structure, disposed on a surface of the first torsion beam, the first latching structure including a form self remolding (FSR) material layer and a thermal field source, where the thermal field source is configured to provide a thermal field for the FSR material layer and the FSR material layer is configured to undergo form remolding under the thermal field, so as to latch the first rotation part and the microreflector in a position after rotation.

Abstract: An optical-electric converting module includes a printed circuit board (PCB) and an optical-electric coupling element. The PCB includes a supporting surface, laser diodes and photo diodes. The laser diodes and the photo diodes are positioned on the supporting surface. The optical-electric coupling element includes a lower surface. The lower surface defines a cavity. A bottom portion of the first cavity forms light-receiving coupling lenses and light-emitting coupling lenses. The optical-electric coupling element is positioned on the supporting surface, with each light-receiving coupling lens being aligned with a laser diode, and each light-emitting coupling lens being aligned with a photo diode. A distance between the light-receiving coupling lenses and the laser diodes is equal to a distance between the light-emitting coupling lenses and the photo diodes in a direction perpendicular to the support surface.

Abstract: A waveguide lens includes a substrate, a planar waveguide formed on the substrate and configured to couple with a laser light source that emits a laser beam into the planar waveguide along an optical axis, and a media grating film including two media gratings with a gap intervening therebetween. Each media grating is symmetrical about a widthwise central axis. Each widthwise central axis and the optical axis are substantially parallel with each other and cooperatively define a plane that is substantially perpendicular to the planar waveguide.

Abstract: Frequency standards based on mode-locked fiber lasers, fiber amplifiers and fiber-based ultra-broad bandwidth light sources, and applications of the same.

Abstract: An optical communication apparatus includes a PCB, a photoelectric element, a driver chip, and a light waveguide. The PCB defines a groove in a surface thereof. The groove includes a bottom surface and a side surface connected to the bottom surface. The PCB includes a reflecting layer coated on the side surface. The photoelectric element includes an optical portion for emitting/receiving light carrying optical signals. An optical signal emitting/receiving direction of the photoelectric element is substantially perpendicular to the surface of the PCB. The side surface passes through a projection area of the optical portion along a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the PCB. An end of the light waveguide is positioned on the bottom surface of the groove and is out of the projection area of the optical portion. The reflecting layer couples optical signals between the photoelectric element and the light waveguide.

Abstract: An optical waveguide provided with a slab waveguide, which has a plurality of phase gratings arranged at a distance from each other in a direction substantially parallel to a light propagation direction and diffracting propagated light and a plurality of interference regions arranged alternately to the plurality of phase gratings in the direction substantially parallel to the light propagation direction and interfering the light diffracted by the plurality of phase gratings, and an arrayed waveguide whose end is connected to an end of the slab waveguide at a position of a constructive interference portion of a self-image formed by the plurality of phase gratings as an integrated phase grating.

Abstract: A photoelectric mixed substrate includes a wiring substrate including a first ground wire, a signal wire arranged above the first ground wire and electrically connected to the photoelectric component and the electronic component, and a waveguide unit stacked on the wiring substrate to cover the signal wire. The waveguide unit includes a first clad layer formed on the wiring substrate, a second ground wire formed above the first clad layer, a core formed on the first clad layer and optically coupled to the photoelectric component, and a second clad layer formed on the first clad layer to cover the core.

Abstract: A polarization conversion device includes: a directional coupler that includes an input side optical waveguide and an output side optical waveguide which are disposed in parallel to each other and each of which has a core. Assuming that a direction in which the input side optical waveguide and the output side optical waveguide face each other is a width direction and a direction perpendicular to the width direction is a height direction in a cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of each of the input side optical waveguide and the output side optical waveguide, and the directional coupler is configured to couple first light guided through the input side optical waveguide to second light guided through the output side optical waveguide, the polarization direction of the second light is perpendicular to that of the first light.

Abstract: A tunable Radio Frequency (RF) filter device includes a tunable optical source configured to generate an optical carrier signal, and a modulator coupled to the tunable optical source and configured to modulate the optical carrier signal with an RF input signal. The tunable RF filter device may also include first and second optical waveguides coupled to the modulator and having first and second dispersion slopes of opposite sign, and an optical-to-electrical converter coupled to the first and second optical waveguides and configured to generate an RF output signal with a frequency notch therein based upon the tunable optical source.

Abstract: An interconnect module for communicating electrical signals and optical signals is described. In particular, an integrated circuit in the interconnect module receives and transmits the electrical signals with other components in a system that includes the interconnect module via an electrical connector. In addition, the integrated circuit receives and transmits electrical signals to a hybrid silicon-photonic bridge chip that performs electrical-to-optical and optical-to-electrical conversion. In turn, this bridge chip receives and transmits optical signals via an optical fiber. The interconnect module can be remateably connected to a backplane in the system, and can be arranged in a stacked configuration with other instances of the interconnect module. In these ways, the interconnect module facilitates dense, modular or scalable, and compact electrical and optical communication in the system.

Abstract: A biosensor device (100) for detecting biological particles, the biosensor device (100) comprising an electromagnetic radiation transmitting member (102) adapted for transmitting electromagnetic radiation and a plurality of sensor active structures (104) arranged at the electromagnetic radiation transmitting member (102), wherein each of the plurality of sensor active structures (104) is sensitive to specific biological particles and is adapted to modify electromagnetic radiation transmission properties of the electromagnetic radiation transmitting member (102) in the event of the presence of the respective biological particles, and wherein the electromagnetic radiation transmitting member (102) is adapted for a simultaneous detection of different biological particles at different ones of the plurality of sensor active structures (104).

Abstract: A tunable Radio Frequency (RF) filter device includes a tunable optical source generating an optical carrier signal, and a modulator coupled to the tunable optical source and modulating the optical carrier signal with an RF input signal. The tunable RF filter device may include first and second optical waveguide paths coupled to the modulator and having first and second dispersion slopes of opposite sign from each other, one or more of the first and second optical waveguide paths comprising an optical splitter and combiner pair therein, and an optical-to-electrical converter coupled to the first and second optical waveguide paths and generating an RF output signal with a frequency notch therein based upon the tunable optical source.

Abstract: An optical-electrical converting device includes a printed circuit board (PCB), a light emitting module, a light receiving module, an optical coupling lens, and a locating frame positioned on the PCB. The PCB has two first locating elements. The optical coupling lens includes a first converging lens and a second converging lens. The locating element has two second locating elements. The two first locating elements and the two second locating elements cooperate to position the locating frame on the PCB. The locating element further has two third locating elements. The optical coupling lens has two fourth locating elements. The two third locating elements and the two fourth locating elements cooperate to position the coupling lens on the locating frame, and thus the first converging lens is aligned with the light emitting module, and the second converging lens is aligned with the light receiving module.

Abstract: A projection display 210 arranged to display an image to an observer 212 use waveguide techniques to generate a display defining a large exit pupil at the point of the observer 212 and a large field of view, while using a small image-providing light source device. The projection display 210 uses two parallel waveguides 214, 216 made from a light transmissive material. One waveguide 214 stretches the horizontal pupil of the final display and the other waveguide 216 stretches the vertical pupil of the final display and acts as a combiner through which the observer 212 views an outside world scene 220 and the image overlaid on the scene 220. In a color display, each primary color is transmitted within a separate channel R, G, B.

Abstract: A transceiver comprising a CMOS chip and a laser coupled to the chip may be operable to communicate an optical source signal from a semiconductor laser into the CMOS chip. The optical source signal may be used to generate first optical signals that are transmitted from the CMOS chip to optical fibers coupled to the CMOS chip. Second optical signals may be received from the optical fibers and converted to electrical signals via photodetectors in the CMOS chip. The optical source signal may be communicated from the semiconductor laser into the CMOS chip via optical fibers in to a top surface and the first optical signals may be communicated out of a top surface of the CMOS chip. The optical source signal may be communicated into the CMOS chip and the first optical signals may be communicated from the CMOS chip via optical couplers, which may comprise grating couplers.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for transmitting at least one electro-magnetic radiation is provided. In particular, at least one optical fiber having at least one end extending along a first axis may be provided. Further, a light transmissive optical arrangement may be provided in optical cooperation with the optical fiber. The optical arrangement may have a first surface having a portion that is perpendicular to a second axis, and a second surface which includes a curved portion. The first axis can be provided at a particular angle that is more than 0° and less than 90° with respect to the second axis.