Abstract: The present disclosure provides modified nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids, and methods of using them.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a tissue matrix for implantation into a patient is disclosed. The method sets forth collecting embryonic stem cells from a placenta which has been treated to remove residual cord blood and seeding the collected stem cells onto or into a tissue matrix. The seeded tissue matrix is then implanted on or into a patient. The seeded tissue matrix made by the method of the present invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides an attenuated enterobacterium comprising an attenuating mutation in the fnr gene, and optionally further comprising a heterologous nucleic acid encoding a foreign antigen. Also provided are pharmaceutical formulations comprising the attenuated enterobacteria of the invention. Further disclosed are methods of inducing an immune response in a subject by administration of an immunogenically effective amount of an attenuated enterobacterium or pharmaceutical formulation of the invention.

Abstract: A method of using fucoidan to enhance stem cell mobilization in a subject, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) is provided. In the method, a blended composition of fruits, mushrooms, microorganisms, maternal fluids, and extracts thereof are used to promote trafficking of stem cells, resulting in migration of the stem cells to specific sties of maintenance an and repair within tissues and/or organs. The method also involves the use of fucoidan obtained from particular algae species to support release and circulation of HSCs, as demonstrated by significantly increase circulation of HSCs in the peripheral blood. Increased circulation of HSCs and/or BMSCs and migration towards sites of maintenance and the natural regeneration mechanisms in the body. Further provided is a dosing regimen for the administration of fucoidan and a method of enhancing release and circulation of stem cells.

Abstract: The invention provides antibodies and polypeptides that specifically bind to the glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and use of the antibodies and polypeptides for treating or diagnosing HSV infections.

Abstract: The present invention provides erythrocytes or nucleated erythrocyte precursors from animals or patients with at least one S hemoglobin allele which are capable of selectively localizing in tumor vasculature resulting in vaso-occlusion, hemolysis and heme release. A tumoricidal effect is achieved when these cells are administered in before during or after administration of (i) an agent(s) that interferes with degradation of reactive oxygen species, (ii) impairs glucose uptake and/or (iii) chemotherapy. These cells also carry oncolytic viruses, antitumor proteins, multidrug resistant proteins, chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, superantigens, superantigen conjugates and fusion proteins, siRNAs, plasmids and non-protein toxins and attenuated tumoricidal bacterial cells specifically into the tumors and induce a tumoricidal effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to antigenic and vaccine compositions comprising Norovirus antigens and adjuvants, in particular, mixtures of monovalent VLPs and mixtures of multivalent VLPs, and to a process for the production of both monovalent and multivalent VLPs, the VLPs comprising capsid proteins from one or more Norovirus genogroups.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of identifying, synthesizing, optimizing and profiling compounds that are inhibitors or activators of proteins, both naturally occurring endogenous proteins as well as certain variant forms of endogenous proteins, and novel methods of identifying such variants. The method accelerates the identification and development of compounds as potential therapeutically effective drugs by simplifying the pharmaceutical discovery and creation process through improvements in hit identification, lead optimization, biological profiling, and rapid elimination of toxic compounds. Implementation results in overall cost reductions in the drug discovery process resulting from the corresponding increases in efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of food supplements and/or food products for cosmetic purpose. More specifically, the present invention aims to provide an ingredient containing caftaric acid and/or derivatives for preventing and/or treating hyper-pigmentation of skin, skin color imperfections such as age-spots and other skin disorders characterized by abnormal pigments. The present invention also aims at improving skin tone as well as providing a skin lightening agent.

Abstract: An antimicrobial composition for reducing bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine is disclosed. The composition comprises a lytic enzyme combined with one or more anti-microbial essential oils, and a probiotic. Unlike broad spectrum antibiotics the disclosed composition does not enter the blood stream, does not destroy all intestinal microflora, and can be used on a continuing basis.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are aptamers that comprise a nucleic acid sequence that has a specific affinity for a target. These aptamers can be used as delivery vehicles to deliver specific agents to particular sites. Alternatively, targeted aptamers can also be used with detection techniques to determine the presence of absence of specific targets in heterogeneous backgrounds.

Abstract: The present invention includes methods for handling live cell compositions in non-nutritive buffer. The cells in the compositions maintain their identity and functional characteristics after being stored in non-nutrititive media up to about 72 hours. The storage method enables the cells to be manufactured at a processing facility and shipped to a point of care site. The invention also includes compositions that have been stored in non-nutritive buffer at storage temperatures while maintaining the functional characteristics.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention features a textured microthread that includes or is fashioned from a naturally occurring polymer and that has a surface comprising micron-scale ridges with intervening grooves.

Abstract: Lipidated glycosaminoglycan particles, prepared by reacting a glycosaminoglycan with at least one lipid to cross-link the carboxylic acid groups in the glycosaminoglycan with a primary amine in the lipid, are used to encapsulate drugs for use in the treatment of pathological conditions in an animal.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of food supplements for cosmetic purpose. More specifically, the present invention aims to provide an ingredient containing chicoric acid and/or derivatives for preventing and/or treating hyper-pigmentation of skin, skin color imperfections such as age-spots and other skin disorders characterized by abnormal pigments. The present invention also aims at improving skin tone as well as providing a skin lightening agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Drosophila in vitro system which was used to demonstrate that dsRNA is processed to RNA segments 21-23 nucleotides (nt) in length. Furthermore, when these 21-23 nt fragments are purified and added back to Drosophila extracts, they mediate RNA interference in the absence of long dsRNA. Thus, these 21-23 nt fragments are the sequence-specific mediators of RNA degradation. A molecular signal, which may be their specific length, must be present in these 21-23 nt fragments to recruit cellular factors involved in RNAi. This present invention encompasses these 21-23 nt fragments and their use for specifically inactivating gene function. The use of these fragments (or chemically synthesized oligonucleotides of the same or similar nature) enables the targeting of specific mRNAs for degradation in mammalian cells, where the use of long dsRNAs to elicit RNAi is usually not practical, presumably because of the deleterious effects of the interferon response.

Abstract: Provided are methods of treating insulin resistance or type II diabetes. Disrupting CAP in the macrophage can alter the inflammatory response associated with impaired insulin action and ultimately result in improved insulin action in target tissues. One aspect of the invention involves administering a CAP antagonist to a patient afflicted with insulin resistance or type II diabetes in an amount sufficient to improve insulin action in target tissues.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a photosynthetic scaffold that delivers oxygen and its uses for tissue engineering and the treatment of ischemia.

Abstract: A bioengineering, in particular to develop novel probiotic preparations based on Bacillus-strain bacteria, which can be used for preventing and treating infectious diseases and disbiosis of a human being, farm animals and birds. The novel strains of B. subtilis 07 (VKPM No. B-8611) and B. licheniformis 09 (VKPM No. B-8610) exhibit a broad spectrum of antagonistic activity, high proteolytic and amylase activity and a distinct ability in terms of a lysozim production. Such strains do not compete with each other but enter into synergistic relations in the form of an increased antagonistic action of the biopreparation. The inventive biopreparation comprises the B. subtilis 07 VKPM No. B-8611 and B. licheniformis 09 VKPM No. B-8610 strains and a protective medium. Such biopreparation can also contain a solvent and/or filler and exhibits an increased antagonistic activity with respect to a wide range of pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms and a resistance to quite a number of antibiotics.

Abstract: The present invention is a superporous hydrogel with cells encapsulated within the hydrogel matrix, and a method for producing the same.

Abstract: Use of Mycobacterium bovis BCG killed by Extended Freeze Drying (EFD) for preventing or treating atherosclerosis.

Abstract: Bacterial delivery systems with improved transgene expression are provided. The recombinant bacterial delivery systems deliver transgenes of interest and suppressors of the eukaryotic Type I interferon response to eukaryotic cells. Suppression of the eukaryotic Type I interferon response allows improved expression of the encoded transgene.

Abstract: Photosensitizer mixtures and method of treating cellulites by light illumination are presented. Photosensitizer is combined with cellular products, e.g. adipose cells, collagen, previously removed by liposuction. Concentrations used depend on treatment area, cellulite stage and whether cellulites are in depressed or elevated skin areas. The cosmetic treatment reduces/removes localized lipodystrophies, flaccidity, cellulite using localized laser, LED, etc emissions. Applied light energy destroys “fat” cells by a combination of chemical reactions primarily, and temperature, wherein cell walls break releasing cell fluid. Transmission devices guide radiation to the treatment site. One or more light sources like laser diodes or LEDs may be coupled into one or more optical fibers to increase the covered area and increase the amount of radiation in that area. Optical fibers can be introduced percutaneously or interstitially. Cell fluid in the treatment area is removed by a combination of techniques.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions comprising a bacterium of the genus Dietzia that is useful for treating paratuberculosis in ruminants and to a method for culturing the bacterium. The invention further relates to methods of treating Johne's disease by administering to a mammal a composition of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to the development of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) scaffolds derived from the forestomach of a ruminant. Such scaffolds are useful in many clinical and therapeutic applications, including wound repair, tissue regeneration, and breast reconstruction. In addition, the present invention features methods of isolating ECM scaffolds from mammalian organs, including but not limited to the ruminant forestomach. The invention further features laminated ECM scaffolds containing a polymer positioned between individual ECM sheets. The polymer may optionally contain bioactive molecules to enhance the functionality of the scaffold.

Abstract: Consumption of blue-green algae, or extracts thereof, enhances trafficking or homing of stem cells in animals by inducing a transient increase in the population of stem cells present in the animal's circulatory system. The animal may be healthy or suffering some disease or physiological condition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for effectively and reproducibly infecting canines with Leishmania infantum using sand flies to vector the parasite. The inventive method comprises several steps, including ensuring canines are naïve to Leishmania, infecting the canines using bites of Leishmania-infected sand fly bites, and evaluating successful transmission of the Leishmania parasites.

Abstract: A probiotic composition, delivery device, method of forming, and a method for delivery are disclosed. The composition may be in the form of a spray, mist, film, or the like suitable for use with any pre-formulated pet food product, whether in solid or liquid form, and further to the use of the spray directly on the coat or skin of an animal. The probiotic spray may also be applied directly into a cavity of the animal, for example into its mouth or nasal passages. The probiotic composition provides multiple strains or species of viable bacteria that provide health benefits when ingested, and is shown herein primarily for consumption by or use on/in animals, though the invention is not limited in any way to use strictly for animal intake, but may also be suitably used for human ingestion.

Abstract: A purine-derived substance is produced by culturing a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus which is able to produce purine-derived substance and has been modified so that enzymatic activity of fructose bisphosphatase is decreased, and collecting the purine-derived substance from the medium or cells.

Abstract: The present invention is a culture of cells of Haemophilus parasuis exhibiting attenuated pathogenicity and capable of triggering a protective immune response when administered to pigs as a live vaccine. The present invention is also a method of preparing the cell culture, a method of preparing a vaccine from the cell culture, and a live vaccine based on the cell culture. The cell culture was modified from a pathogenic parent strain by MNNG mutagenesis and was selected by complete dependence on streptomycin for growth.

Abstract: A bioscaffold made from an isolated cardiac fibroblast-derived 3-dimensional extracellular matrix (ECM) is disclosed. The bioscaffold can be used as an epicardial patch for the delivery of therapeutic cells into myocardial tissue. Methods of making the 3-dimensional extracellular matrix using cultured cardiac fibroblasts are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions, including vaccines, and methods for vaccinating an animal against hepatitis C virus (HCV) and for treating or preventing hepatitis C viral infection in an animal. The invention includes a variety of novel HCV fusion proteins that can be used directly as a vaccine or in conjunction with a yeast-based vaccine vehicle to elicit an immune response against HCV in an animal. The invention also includes the use of the HCV fusion gene and protein described herein in any diagnostic or therapeutic protocol for the detection and/or treatment or prevention of HCV infection.

Abstract: This invention relates to multipotent stem cells, purified from the peripheral tissue of mammals, and capable of differentiating into neural and non-neural cell types. These stem cells provide an accessible source for autologous transplantation into CNS, PNS, and other damaged tissues.

Abstract: Whole organisms are inactivated by at least a factor of 106 using carbon dioxide at or near its supercritical pressure and temperature conditions.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. More specifically, methods, compositions and kits for improving engraftment of stem cell transplants by administering myeloid progenitor cells are provided.

Abstract: An isolated multipotent neural stem cells has a phenotype identified by expression of the protein ?-tubulin IV and Olig2 and the absence of the proteins NG2, PLP, and GFAP.

Abstract: A non-human animal disease model for hepatitis B virus-associated liver disease is disclosed. The animal disease model is transduced with a hepatitis B virus genome in the liver cells thereof and exhibits the following symptoms: hepatitis B viral particles and hepatitis B viral DNA in the serum, hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope and HBV e proteins in the serum, expression of HBV core and HBV envelope proteins in the liver but not in the kidney, heart, lung, brain, pancreas, spleen, stomach or intestine tissues. The animal disease model may develop hepatocellular carcinoma, exhibiting an elevated level of alanine aminotransferase as compared to a control animal without the hepatitis B virus genome in the liver cells thereof, and liver pathological symptoms such as tumor nodules, dysplasia, inflammatory infiltrates, necrosis and fibrosis.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to non-acidic extracts or fractions selected from a Boswellia low polar gum resin extract fraction (BLPRE), a Boswellia volatile oil fraction (BVOIL), and a Boswellia oil fraction (BOIL) and their compositions. BLPRE, BOIL, and BVOIL are each derived from the gum resin of a Boswellia species. These compositions are useful for improving mental condition, enhancing brain functions such as cognition, memory, learning, communication and brain health, for treating impaired memory, and for preventing, control or treating memory and cognition related disorders/diseases. Additionally, BOIL, BVOIL, and mixtures of BOIL and BVOIL are useful for enhancing the bioavailability of a biological agent.

Abstract: Polysaccharide based hydrogel compositions and methods of making and using the same are provided. The subject polysaccharide based hydrogel compositions are prepared by combining a polysaccharide component with a hydrophilic polymer and a cross-linking agent. Also provided are kits and systems for use in preparing the subject compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to an infant formula comprising a source of protein in an amount of not more than 2.0 g/100 kcal, a source of lipids, a source of carbohydrate and a probiotic wherein the probiotic is present in an amount equivalent to between 102 and 105 cfu/g of dry formula. The invention further extends to the use of such an infant formula to modulate the immune system of a neonatal infant to promote the development in the first few weeks of the life of the infant of a beneficial intestinal microbiota comparable with that found in breast fed babies as well as to promote the maturation of the immune system of a neonatal infant in the first few weeks of life.

Abstract: A new clone of Newcastle disease virus which is interferon insensitive and has an ICPI between 1.2 and 2.0 and which may be used in the treatment of cancer and other diseases.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions, kits, and methods for cancer prophylaxis and therapy using recombinant MVA viruses encoding tumor-associated antigens, such as PSA and PAP. The recombinant MVA viruses can induce B-and T-cell responses. The recombinant MVA viruses can be administered prior to, at the same time as, or after a taxane.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are pH-dependent silk fibroin-based ionomeric compositions and colloids, and methods of making the same. The state of the silk fibroin ionomeric compositions is reversible and can transform from a gel-like colloid to a more fluid-like solution, or vice versa, upon an environmental stimulus, e.g., pH. Thus, the silk-based ionomeric compositions and colloids can be applied in various industries, ranging from electronic applications to biomedical applications, such as sensors, gel diodes, absorbent materials, drug delivery systems, tissue implants and contrast agents.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for delivery of a polynucleotide encoding a gene of interest, typically an antigen, to a dendritic cell (DC). The virus envelope comprises a DC-SIGN specific targeting molecule. The methods and related compositions can be used to treat patients suffering from a wide range of conditions, including infection, such as HIV/AIDS, and various types of cancers.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of myeloma and thymoma by administering a therapeutically effective dose of Mycobacterium indicus pranii with Cyclophosphamide. This disclosure generally relates to the field of cancer biology. More specifically, this disclosure relates to the immunotherapeutic treatment of myeloma and thymoma, using a combination of heat killed Mycobacterium indicus pranii and the widely administered chemotherapeutic drug, Cyclophosphamide. Mycobacterium indicus pranii has already shown its efficacy as an immunomodulator and has been safely administered to humans. The most common method of cancer management is the application of chemotherapeutic drugs which results in side-effects. At lower non-toxic doses Cyclophosphamide is not effective. The present disclosure discloses a method of improving efficacy of non-toxic doses of Cyclophosphamide by administrating it together with Mycobacterium indicus pranii. This disclosure is relevant for the treatment of other lymphomas as well.

Abstract: There is provided a method of inducing differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells to neural cells or skeletal muscle cells by introduction of a Notch gene. Specifically, the invention provides a method of inducing differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells to neural cells or skeletal muscle cells in vitro, which method comprises introducing a Notch gene and/or a Notch signaling related gene into the cells, wherein the finally obtained differentiated cells are the result of cell division of the bone marrow stromal cells into which the Notch gene and/or Notch signaling related gene have been introduced. The invention also provides a method of inducing further differentiation of the differentiation-induced neural cells to dopaminergic neurons or acetylcholinergic neurons. The invention yet further provides a treatment method for neurodegenerative and skeletal muscle degenerative diseases which employs neural precursor cells, neural cells or skeletal muscle cells produced by the method of the invention.

Abstract: Described are vaccines against malarial infections, which are based on recombinant viral vectors, such as alpha viruses, adenoviruses, or vaccinia viruses. The recombinant viral-based vaccines can be used to immunize against different Plasmodium infections, such as infections by P. falciparum or P. yoelii. Codon-optimized circumsporozoite genes are disclosed. Replication-defective adenoviruses may be used, derived from serotypes that encounter low titers of neutralizing antibodies. Also described is the use of different adenoviral serotypes that are administered to elicit a strong immune response, either in single vaccination set-ups or in prime-boost set-ups in which compositions based on different serotypes can be applied.

Abstract: A vaccine against Mycobacteria tuberculosis (Mtb) is provided. The vaccine comprises a recombinant Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) subunit-based vaccine in which one or more Mtb antigens and one or more Mtb resuscitation or reactivation antigens are overexpressed, and in which at least a portion of the DosR regulon is up-regulated. The vaccine is protective against active Mtb infection both pre- and post-exposure to Mtb, and thus prevents disease symptoms due to the recurrence of a latent Mtb infection.

Abstract: The present invention provides duplexed parvovirus vector genomes that are capable under appropriate conditions of forming a double-stranded molecule by intrastrand base-pairing. Also provided are duplexed parvovirus particles comprising the vector genome. Further disclosed are templates and methods for producing the duplexed vector genomes and duplexed parvovirus particles of the invention. Methods of administering these reagents to a cell or subject are also described. Preferably, the parvovirus capsid is an AAV capsid. It is further preferred that the vector genome comprises AAV terminal repeat sequences.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of the type III secretion system of bacteria to stimulate immune responses against tumor antigen(s) for treating antigen-loss variant tumors. Methods are provided for stimulating and/or increasing an immune response against tumor antigens. The invention also relates to the preparation of antigen presenting cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using bacteria having a type III secretion system.