Abstract: The present invention relates to methods to protect curing cement or concrete from excess evaporative water loss and/or from rain, excess heat loss, or excess heat gain. More particularly the method relates to coating curing cement or concrete with a layer (or layers) of a fibrous mass composed of ground cellulose, water, a viscosity enhancing polymer, a hygroscopic swelling agent and, optionally, additives selected on the basis of the properties desired (e.g., rain resistance, heat absorption from the sun, heat reflectance, or heat insulation). The invention also relates to compositions comprising a layer of cement or concrete and a layer (or layers) of such a fibrous mass.

Abstract: A system for finishing the joint between abutting panels of drywall by applying one or two of a joint compound comprising mostly gypsum plaster together with a small amount of monofilament fibers about 4 mm to 10 mm long.

Abstract: It is a method of treatment of support rods for the support of steel reinforcements in making aerated concrete, in which the support rods are first dipped into a hot bath of molten paraffin or a similar wax-like, waterproof material, which is solid at room temperature and has a softening temperature of about 50.degree. to 70.degree. C. Then the coating formed thereby is hardened by cooling. Then the steel reinforcements are suspended on the support rods and they, together with the support rods are coated with a corrosion protection medium in the form of a water-lacquer.

Abstract: A method and composition are provided for creating smooth surfaces on building structures, particularly concrete structures. A first constituent is prepared by mixing together quantities of acrylic mortar admix, concrete plaster adhesive, joint compound, hydrated lime and water. The first constituent is mixed with Portland cement at the construction site. The resultant mixture is smoothed onto concrete or wooden surfaces of a building structure, and dries in about an hour to produce a smooth, hard surface.

Abstract: A hardened cement-based mass having a corrosive metallic material embedded therein, or containing an aggregate reactive with an alkaline substance, is impregnated with an aqueous solution containing 1 to 50% by weight of a dissolved nitrite of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal and 0.01 to 20% by weight of a dissolved organic silicon compound such as sodium methylsiliconate or potassium methylsiconate, or a dissolved or emulsified polymer thereof, or with a solution prepared by using an aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and containing 1 to 50% by weight of a dissolved nitrite of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal and 0.01 to 20% by weight of an dissolved organic silicon compound such as methyltrimethoxysilane or ethyltrimethoxysilane, or a dissolved polymer thereof, and is allowed to dry in the air. Alternatively, the mass is coated with an unsolidified cement paste, mortar or concrete containing 1 to 25% by weight of a nitrite of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal and 0.

Abstract: A fire resistive and insulating bonded composite structure includes a binder made from a mixture of a weak acid and a powdered base metal oxide wherein the acid and metal fuse as a mixture under an exothermic reaction into the binder. A fibrous cellulose material is encapsulated within the binder and rendered non-flammable thereby. The subject invention further provides a method of making the bonded composite structure including the steps of mixing the weak acid and powdered base metal oxide, encapsulating the fibrous cellulose material within the binder and rendering the fibrous cellulose material non-flammable thereby, forming the slurry mixture into a predetermined form, and setting the formed mixture into a solid.

Abstract: The invention is a method for preventing a hardened cementitious material from deteriorating or for repairing a deteriorated cementitious material, and more particularly to such method for the hardened cementitious material comprising metal materials to be corroded by a salt content and cause alkali-aggregate. It is characterized by applying a cement paste, mortar or concrete added with 1-25 weight % lithium nitride relative to the cement content so as to cover the surface of hardened cementitious material.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of and an apparatus for producing a heated recyled asphalt mixture, in which a new material and a normal-temperature waste material, the water content of which is set at a limited range of values, are adapted to be mixed together in the ratio of (90 to 40):(10 to 60) in terms of weight. The temperature of heating the new material by means of a dryer is controlled to range from 190.degree. C. to 350.degree. C. so as to be in conformity with the above mixing weight ratio. Both the materials are mixed and kneaded together in a mixer at a kneading temperature of 150.degree. C. or more. The gas generated within the mixer is exhausted toward a chimney in a state wherein the amount exhausted is made adjustable.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making a pliable wallcovering. The wallcovering replicates the appearance of aged, cracked plaster wall finishes, can be readily hung over existing walls, and is durable. In the method of making the wallcovering a putty-like joint compound mixture is applied to a pliable stretchable woven sheet. The sheet is comprised of strands forming interstitial openings extending through the sheet. The joint compound mixture is forced through the interstitial openings and is allowed to dry. The dried joint compound mixture is cracked in a manner which renders the wallcovering pliable.

Abstract: A process for the production of floor covering, especially of the floating type for private and public areas, wherein a granulated material is mixed with a hardenable plastic binder to a paste-like mass, this mass being subsequently spread evenly on a surface, smoothed and then hardened. The grain size of the granulated material and/or the mixing proportions between the granulate and the binder are so selected that after the application and smoothing of the mass, neighboring granules of the granulated material are basically touching each other only in certain points, and, as a result of the hollow spaces existing between the individual grains of the granulated material wetted by the binder, the covered substrate is not wetted by the binder in a proportion of 40 to 70%, preferably 50%. A second layer of water-emulsifiable synthetic resin including a hydraulic binder is applied to the hardened floor covering to achieve an increase in mechanical load which can be supported by the hardened covering.

Abstract: A method of building a dental appliance and a kit for use in the method are provided. In the method, metal copings are coated with an opaque ceramic paste, and a coarse ceramic powder, having structural stability under the conditions needed to fire the ceramic paste, is dusted on the coating of ceramic paste, and the coping is fired. A coated metal coping with a rough, sandpaper like surface is produced, and subsequent layers of ceramic paste are applied to the rough surface to build up the dental appliance. The kit of the invention provides at least one preformed opaque ceramic paste, dusting powders, and other ingredients needed to build a dental appliance.

Abstract: The method of re-finishing an uneven opened-angle construction joint of a ceiling or the like, includes an inventive kit including a line marking device to impart two straight lines, one at the uneven line of the open angle construction, and the second parallel to the first and at a distance equal to the width of a blade of a trowel of the kit to be used in applying a refinishing material to the ceiling. Then one or more elongated guides of the kit are temporarily attached end-to-end to the ceiling along the second line. After attaching the guides, a refinishing material is applied to the ceiling at the uneven joint, by drawing the trowel blade positioned with one of its corner edges against the marginal edge of the guide and its other corner edge against the open-angle corner.

Abstract: A hermetically sealed optical fiber product comprising a fluoride or other non-silica based glass optical fiber and a hermetic coating of carbon, a metal, a fluoride, a metalloid or a ceramic compound in a thickness sufficient to impart moisture resistance to the optical fiber product.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an iron armature for use with slabs or reinforced articles consists of making an agglomerate of siliceous sand, marble, granite or, in general, stone with cement as a binder, covering an iron armature rod (1) with the agglomerate to obtain a rod covered with a layer of the agglomerate, immersing said covered rod in a vessel (2) containing a resin (3) so that a film of resin on the covered rod is obtained, spreading on the surface thereof granules of siliceous sand or other stone material (4) so that adherence is achieved between the iron rod and the agglomerate, and resistance to oxidation and improvement in aesthetic properties is achieved. According to one embodiment of the invention, the resin may be sprinkled.

Abstract: A process for the waterproof working with the use of deposition layer including mesh reinforcing bar comprises of depositing on under coat, at least on waterproof material layers and inserting a mesh reinforcing bar layer in any one between said waterproof material deposited layers. The process can be carried out the waterproof working for structures such as building, road and the like.

Abstract: External rust-staining, for example at the exterior of buildings or on the superstructure or topside of ships, caused by rust dripping onto a surface is inhibited by painting the surface with a top-coat paint comprising a film-forming binder and a substance capable of reacting with rust to form a colorless material. The said substance can for example be a polyphosphonate salt pigment, an oxalate or a glass releasing phosphate ions.

Abstract: A method of building a dental appliance and a kit for use in the method are provided. In the method, metal copings are coated with an opague ceramic paste, and a coarse ceramic powder, having structural stability under the conditions needed to fire the ceramic paste, is dusted on the coating of ceramic paste, and the coping is fired. A coated metal coping with a rough, sandpaper like surface is produced, and subsequent layers of ceramic paste are applied to the rough surface to build up the dental appliance. The kit of the invention provides at least one preformed opaque ceramic paste, dusting powders, and other ingredients needed to build a dental appliance.

Abstract: Heavy metals and compounds thereof and other toxic materials in industrial wastes, sludges, soils, incinerated ashes and the like are fixed and stablized in a char residue, obtained by critical region pyrolyzing techniques and appropriate proportions of cabonaceous materials intimately mixed with the sludge, to encapsulate the heavy metals with carbon bonded thereto which effectively detoxifies the residue and renders it immune to any substantial leaching out or later exposure to the toxic metals, such that the same is environmentally safe for such uses as landfill and the like.

Abstract: A method of applying a filled thermosetting resin flooring material to an essentially horizontal substrate to produce a non-porous protective coating which involves compounding a mixture of a thermosetting resin with an aggregate, the mixture using a low level of 50 to 75% aggregate by weight; the aggregate being a graded aggregate that will produce maximum packing and having a specific gravity of over 2.0; the thermosetting resin having a room temperature cure and a viscosity less than 1500 cps; spreading or troweling the mixture on the substrate producing a resin rich layer upon setting; and broadcasting onto the resin rich layer an aggregate having a specific gravity of over 2.0, thereby producing a finished flooring material containing 76 to 82% filler by weight.

Abstract: A method of finishing a concrete structure which comprises coating an aqueous acrylic acid esters resin emulsion including a special acrylic acid esters copolymer on the bare surface of a concrete structure and after dried, forming a cement-based finishing layer. The action of the film formed by said emulsion provides an improved adhesive bond strength between said concrete structure and the finishing layer, prevents breakage of the finishing layer almost permanently, and is, furthermore, effective in bonding the coated layers strongly, even when they are coated repeatedly.

Abstract: Dry cementitious compositions and methods for their application. The dry compositions do not have to be mixed with water but instead are poured, sprayed or troweled onto a substrate which contains a substantial excess of water than the necessary for the hydration of the materials. The dry cementitious material may be poured into water then applied to the substrate with no physical mixing other than that produced by pouring the cementitious composition into the water. The process also uses particles having similar drop rates and a cement content greater than 20% by wt.

Abstract: Dry cementitious compositions and methods for their application. The dry compositions do not have to be mixed with water but instead are poured, sprayed or troweled onto a substrate which contains a substantial excess of water than that necessary for the hydration of the materials.

Abstract: A process for applying an aqueous mixture of a magnesium phosphate cementitious material to a base material in which the resulting bond between the materials is improved. In this method the base material is coated with a passivating agent capable of reducing the pH of the surface of the base material prior to applying the aqueous mixture of magnesium phosphate cementitious material. The base material can be a hydraulic cementitious material, e.g., Portland cement. The cementitious material is magnesium phosphate quick-setting cement. Preferred passivating agents can be aluminum acid phosphate, magnesium acid phosphate, aluminum sulfate, ammonium polyphosphate, phosphoric acid, an activator and mixtures thereof. The resulting laminated structure composed of the base material, the coating and the magnesium phosphate cementitious material is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for providing a corrosion resistant synthetic plastic resin coating on a surface of a concrete structure comprises cleaning the surface of the concrete structure, forming a fiber containing sprayed concrete layer having a plurality of fiber components therein, for example glass fibers or plastic fibers, on the surface of the concrete, and subsequently applying a synthetic plastic resin thereto, whereby the fiber components projecting from the fiber containing sprayed concrete layer act to anchor the synthetic plastic resin to form the corrosion resistant coating. The corrosion resistant synthetic plastic resin coating preferably contains a polyester resin, and a polymer-cement-concrete base layer may be used to help bond the fiber containing sprayed concrete layer to the cleaned concrete surface.

Abstract: Salt damage to concrete structures as a result of contact with dry salt, sea water or like salt environments can be avoided in the case of new structures and repaired in the case of damaged structures by applying a layer of slag cement concrete to the structures. The ability of slag cement to absorb chlorides and to delay chloride penetration greatly lengthens the time required to initiate corrosion of the reinforcing irons by the chlorides present and to reduce the effect of chlorides in conjunction with frost. The slag cement-concrete also has a leaching effect on chloride-infected structures and in the case, for example, of an old bridge pier having applied thereto a layer of slag cement-concrete the carbonation front is halted and a new front is formed in the protective layer. The chloride profile extending through the pier is also changed as a result of chloride irons diffusing out from the infected concrete and being neutralized in the protective layer.

Abstract: A process for producing steam-cured lightweight calcium silicate articles superior in productivity, homogeneity, and mechanical strength by using a powdery siliceous material, powdery calcareous material, and cellulose pulp as main raw materials, which process comprises mixing short acrylic fibers of 1 to 10 mm in filament length to which an organic silicon compound has adhered, into a slurried mixture of said raw materials.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for providing a refractory composition on a surface. In the process an acidic hybrid binder composition and a basic colloidal silica sol composition are provided. The surface is coated with the acidic hybrid binder composition and the colloidal silica sol composition so that each colloidal silica sol composition coat contacts an acidic hybrid binder composition coat to form alternating layers of the acidic hybrid binder composition and the colloidal silica sol composition. Each acidic hybrid binder composition layer and each colloidal silica sol layer are dried prior to coating with the alternating layer to a sufficient hardness such that lift-off of the applied coatings from the surface is inhibited when a subsequent coating step is performed. A refractory laminate composition is also disclosed which comprises a plurality of layers of hardened acidic hybrid binder composition alternating with a plurality of layers of hardened basic colloidal silica sol composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for inhibiting corrosion of an existing steel material built in an inorganic material by applying an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt, an aqueous solution of a water-soluble silicate compound and a cement composition having corrosion-inhibiting effects on the surface of the inorganic material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for inhibiting corrosion of an existing steel material built in an inorganic material by applying an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt and a cement composition having corrosion-inhibiting effects on the surface of the inorganic material.

Abstract: Two distinct resin compositions are provided in two physically separated components--one component impregnates a liquid-penetrable article substrate, such as a paper web, to provide a reactive substrate capable of forming a resin cement in situ upon contact with the other component. A first inorganic resin component, hereinafter referred to as component A, is a liquid comprising an aqueous composition of an aluminum phosphate, or a magnesium phosphate or a mixture thereof. A second component, hereinafter referred to as component B, is a liquid comprising an aqueous vehicle; a phosphate-reactive constituent selected from a magnesium oxide source, reactive wollastonite, or mixtures thereof having a relatively low surface area, e.g. dead-burned magnesium oxide having a surface area of about 0.75 m.sup.2 /gm; and a non-reactive phosphate dispersing agent.

Abstract: A composition of the type which is applied to a surface for protecting it against environmental influences and for producing an aesthetic effect. The composition is particularly suited for being applied with a trowel to form a textured surface, such as stucco, or for being sprayed onto a surface. Baking flour is mixed into a paste-like mixture with water and added to a latex sealer paste. Sand, preferrably of a coarse grade, is then added to the mixture. The mixture can then be provided with filler compounds, such as calcium carbonate, and a pigment, such as titanium dioxide. The mixture has been shown to be effective against a variety of adverse environmental influences, including ultraviolet radiation, humidity, salt spray, fire, and thermal effects.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of 1-30 weight % alkali metal silicate and 0.005-10 weight % nitrite is stable and well permeable into hardened cementitious material. When applying said aqueous solution on the surface of hardened cementitious structure having metallic armatures embedded therein, it is possible not only to form surface layer improved in compactness, strength, hardness, waterproofing and weathering for preventing deterioration thereof and repair deteriorated cementitious material but also to prevent said metallic armatures from rusting.

Abstract: A method for repairing and restoring a deteriorated cement-containing inorganic material such as reinforced concrete by applying a solution of a water-soluble silicate compound to its surface to have it impregnated with said solution, and then topcoating said material with cement paste or/and mortar.

Abstract: A composition is provided for use as an anti-scaling coating or to produce legible markings on metal products. The composition includes solids of from about 30 to 50 parts by weight of an opacifying pigment, from about 43 to 58 parts by weight of a water soluble alkali metal silicate binder, at least 50 percent of the alkali metal silicate being sodium silicate, the alkali metal silicate having a ratio of silicate to alkali metal oxide of from about 2.60 to 3.25, sufficient cross-linking binder to provide from about 1.5 to 5.0 parts B.sub.2 O.sub.3, the ratio of total pigment to total binder being within the range of 0.50 to 1.0, and sufficient water to give the composition a viscosity of about 800 to 5000 centipoise. The composition adheres when applied to metal products which are at temperatures of at least 250.degree. F. or which are subsequently heated to such temperatures so as to bake the coating.

Abstract: A multiple coating composition is utilized to provide oxidation resistance for carbon or graphite articles during use in high temperature environments. A method for applying the composition is also provided.

Abstract: The apparatus and method for processing steel strand wire cable and the like for use in prestressed concrete is disclosed in which the outer surface of the cable produced has a substantial pure rust or hydrated oxide coating thereon enabling the cable to be utilized immediately in concrete configurations to thereby produce substantially higher flexural strengths in prestressed concrete than heretofore in the prior art. The apparatus and method specifically encompasses the use of ultrasonic cleaning equipment which causes cavitation cleaning effects in the liquid medium through which the cable passes during its cleaning process. In effect, the ultrasonic cleaning "catalyzes" the chemical redox reactions by removing all surface inhibitors and reducing reactant diffusion barriers thus accelerating surface wetting of the strand cable with H.sub.2 O and O.sub.2, such that the rusting chemical reactions can occur spontaneously. The dominant bond developed between the steel and concrete is chemical.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a positive bond between articles painted or coated with thermosets and concrete, involves treatment of the surface with an epoxy resin-cement mortar mixture containing an epoxy resin emulsion of the composition(a) a liquid epoxy resin;(b) water;(c) an emulsifier comprising a primary, aliphatic alcohol, an adduct thereof with ethylene oxide or, optionally, a polyglycol ester of a carboxylic acid; and(d) a latent curing agent comprising a reaction product of the essentially complete neutralization of a diamine of the formulaeH.sub.2 N--CH.sub.2 --R--NH.sub.2orH.sub.2 N--R--CH.sub.2 --R--NH.sub.2with oxyalic acid,wherein R is alkyl substituted alkylene or cycloalkylene; or the reaction product obtained by complete neutralization with oxalic acid of (i) a polyamine of the formulaH.sub.2 N--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --NH--.sub.x Hwherein x=2, 3, or 4, or of (ii) a reaction product, containing amino groups, of such a polyamine with a fatty acid.

Abstract: Bonded aggregate brooder radiant heat panels and, processes for their production, are provided. The panels are made using a workable quick-setting non-toxic non-ammoniacal mixture of magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, aggregate and mono aluminum phosphate acidic solution. The panels can be made in various forms ranging from low density to load-bearing forms which may be refractory, insulative, heat reflective, light weight, labor and energy conserving, etc.

Abstract: This disclosure is concerned with independent fluid dispensing by a multi-slot cavity nozzle with opposing zig-zag fluid path baffle-diversion operation, generating a pair of adjacent line fluid depositions upon a web moving past the nozzle, and enabling the separate but simultaneous use of adhesives and other fluid media of different characteristics and in widely flexible multi-layer coating patterns including superposed, side-by-side, spaced and other multi-layer patterns.

Abstract: A method of surface coating a synthetic plastic surface, and particularly of resurfacing an abraded polyurethane plastic surface is disclosed in which the surface is prime coated with an isocyanate-functional polyurethane in solution in an organic solvent medium which is inert to isocyanate functionality. The prime coated surface is dried by allowing the solvent to evaporate thus removing most of the organic solvent, and then the prime coating is overcoated with a water-based organic polymer coating composition. The isocyanate-functional polyurethane is desirably the reaction product of a diisocyanate with a polyether diol which may be used in admixture with a polyol containing 3 or 4 hydroxy groups. The solvent medium is desirably a blend of 75-90% of 1,1,1 trichloroethane with from 5-20% of 2-ethoxy ethanol acetate.

Abstract: An agent and method for modifying a surface layer of hardened cement structures or substrates with use of the agent which comprises in a specified ratio of an alkali silicate solution and a sodium naphthalenesulfonate-formaldehyde condensate. Said agent has an excellent stability and a remarkable permeability into the cement structure to form a deeper strengthened surface layer thereon.

Abstract: Novel liquid cementitious slurry coating compositions of portland cement, flyash and polymeric emulsions and optionally containing liquid foam and/or reinforcing fibers are applied to solid cellular monoliths to make weather resistant insulative construction boards and units. The slurry coatings are prepared and applied to the surface(s) of cellular monoliths such as beadboard by roller coating, spraying, or the like, allowed to dry and cure. The density of the coatings can be reduced by foaming of the polymeric emulsion and/or by the incorporation of liquid foam into the slurry mix.Varying surface effects may be impressed on the surface of the damp coating prior to drying and curing to produce building or construction units with high insulation properties, weather resistance, and impact resistance characteristics.

Abstract: Acid cured, polymer protective layers are bonded to metal or cement surfaces using a primer coating of an acid stable, thermoplastic elastomer such as a block copolymer of styrene-butadiene.

Abstract: A dry-spray concrete placement method in which a binder component utilizing a hydraulic, e.g. portland cement, an aggregate and water is applied to a substrate by a mixing nozzle. According to the invention, a portion of the binder component is formed by a liquid reactive resin which is activated or induced to react by a hardener component also applied with the mix.

Abstract: A composition and method for treating the surface of a metal structure adapted to be used for such purposes as a cornerbead and to have a cementitious material such as a joint compound applied to the surface thereto, the compound and composition and method resulting in the improvement of the adhesion between the surface of the metal structure and the cementitious compound applied thereto, which comprises preparing a composition such as that comprising a forming lubricant for processing the metal structure and a minor proportion of a polyfunctional aziridine incorporated therein. The presence of the aziridine enhances the adhesion properties between the surface of the metal and the cementitious compound even when less highly processed metals and less expensive compounds are utilized.

Abstract: There is provided a process for improving mineral asphaltic coatings for streets and roadways comprising preparing a mixture to be used as the base mineral asphalt coating material, homogeneously mixing in 0.1 to 10 weight % of silica which is either (1) a precipitated silica, (2) a precipitated and spray dried silica or (3) a pyrogenically produced silica and further working this mixture into a mineral asphalt coating for streets and roadways.

Abstract: As an article for manufacture, a tin, lead, indium, and alloys of each, admixed with a carbide or carbonyl former, for forming these with said tin, lead and indium, and their alloys into an "active" alloy form; these "active" alloy forms are suitable for making wettable carbon, graphite, diamond, sapphire, alumina, metal carbide, quartz, silicon metal, etc., composites which will not dewet upon heating but form strong bonds; methods for preparing said composites of various shapes, layers, coatings, and sandwiches; alloys, preforms and various metal-graphite, diamond, sapphire, alumina, metal carbide, quartz, silicon metal etc., structures also disclosed.

Abstract: A cementitious coating is applied to a thin smooth, corrosion-protective coating of a pipe to protect the corrosion-protective coating against physical damage and hostile environments. The cementitious coating adheres to the corrosion-protective coating, is typically between 0.5 and 5.0 millimeters in thickness, and contains a cementitious material such as portland cement, a polymeric material such as an acrylic polymer, and may also contain chopped fibres such as glass fibres and a filler material such as silica sand. The cementitious coating has sufficient conductivity to permit a cathodic protection current to flow therethrough. The cementitious coating may also be applied to the corrosion protective coating of the metal substrates. Polymer bonded coatings may alternatively be so applied, to protect the corrosion protective coating.

Abstract: A method of forming structural board panels from short strands of bagasse or other cellulistic material. The material resinated, compressed and cured to give an open structural block. A mortar screed of portland cement and sand is then applied to penetrate interstices between the strands and is built up with rendering and facing layers of mortar. A reinforcement, such as an open mesh net of resinated nylon strands may be incorporated in the facing layer.

Abstract: A method of improving the resistance of glass fibers to high temperatures which comprises treating the fibers with trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane tetraacetic acid to leach the fibers prior to the deposition of a refractory metal on their surfaces.