Abstract: A method of producing a coating of solvent-free pressure-sensitive adhesive systems on substrates, especially release-coated substrates, in which the pressure-sensitive adhesive system is applied in one or more layers to a rotating roller by means of an adhesive applicator, the pressure-sensitive adhesive system on the roller is crosslinked in an irradiating means by means of high-energy radiation, and the roller is contacted with the substrate, so that the pressure-sensitive adhesive system is transferred from the roller to the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for forming thin films, wherein thin films with a uniform thickness can be formed on substrates as objects such as spheroids, even when the films are formed by conventional film-formation methods using an incident particle beam coming from a specific direction (e.g., evaporation and sputtering). In the method, thin films are formed on substrates such as spheroids with an incident particle beam coming from a particle source located in a specific direction by performing a spin motion together with a swing motion. The spin motion is a rotation of the substrate at a constant angular velocity about the spheroidal axis. The swing motion is a rotational oscillation of the same substrate for rotationally oscillating the axis at a constant cycle in one surface, where the center of the rotational oscillation is in the vicinity of the midpoint between two focal points on the axis of the spheroid.

Abstract: The specular gloss of a polyurethane wear layer of a surface covering is controlled by controlling the thermal conditions of a substrate before and after it is coated with a liquid polyurethane and by controlling the termal conditions of the liquid polyurethane before it is coated on the substrate. The liquid polyurethane is photo-curable or radiation-curable and it contains a matting agent. Changes in specular gloss are attained without changing the composition of the polyurethane or the conditions of photo-curing or radiation curing.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for applying an organic high solids finish coating to a preprimed metallic coated steel sheet. The resulting process is environmentally efficient, cost effective and yields a durable finish coated steel sheet article. The process also includes steps for applying a metallic coating and an organic primer in a single continuous process to form a preprimed steel sheet article. The primer may be a waterborne coating that is applied directly to the pristine metallic coated sheet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of coating polymer film that includes the steps of extruding a cast sheet; stretching the sheet in a machine direction; applying a UV-curable coating to the sheet in-line; stretching the sheet in a transverse direction in a tenter; and exposing the coated sheet to UV radiation in-line.

Abstract: Methods for curing a coating material, including a primary coating material, a secondary coating material, and a taping material, on an optical fiber. An optical fiber coating material having (A) 100 parts by weight of a polyether polyurethane bearing at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups with a Mn of 800-10,000, and (B) 1-40 parts by weight of a nitrogenous reactive diluent is cured by irradiating thereto electron beams, produced by driving electrons under an accelerating voltage of 50-190 kV, in a dose of 10-100 kGy. The method succeeds in effectively curing the optical fiber coating material into a cured coating having stable properties.

Abstract: A method for applying a protective coating to a surface. The method is achieved by applying a radiation curable reactive coating material to the surface and exposing the applied coating to a source of light for a predetermined time and at a predetermined intensity to effect polymerization of the coating.

Abstract: A method of forming a 2-way coat, which comprises the steps of: applying (1) a coating composition onto a thermoplastic resin base and drying the coating to form a colored layer, the coating composition (1) comprising: (A) an acrylic resin obtained by copolymerization of a monomer mixture comprising n-butyl (meth)acrylate and methyl (meth)acrylate, each in an amount of at least 30 wt. %; (B) a colorant; and (C) an organic solvent; applying (2) an energy beam curable overcoat composition onto the colored layer, the overcoat composition (2) comprising: (D) a compound having at least three (meth)acryloyl groups and having a molecular weight of 250 to 1,800; and (E) an acrylic resin obtained by copolymerization of a monomer mixture comprising at least 20 wt. % of methyl (meth)acrylate, the compound (D) amounting to at least 50 wt. % of overcoat film-forming components; and curing the applied overcoat composition by energy beam irradiation.

Abstract: A method for coating a plastic substrate with an abrasion resistant metal oxide layer which includes placing the plastic substrate in a vacuum chamber, forming a vacuum in the chamber, conducting electron beam evaporation of an oxide-forming metal or a metal oxide in the vacuum chamber, passing the evaporated metal or metal oxide into an argon plasma into which oxygen and nitrous oxide has been passed, and, exposing the plastic substrate to the plasma, whereby the abrasion resistant layer is deposited on an exposed surface of the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for converting a precursor material, preferably organometallic, to a film, preferably metal-containing, that is adherent to at least a portion of a substrate. Both method and apparatus include a pre-conversion step or section, and a step or section for substantial conversion of a portion of material from the pre-conversion step or section into the form of a predetermined pattern, wherein this substantial conversion results in a metal-containing patterned layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A method of coating implantable open lattice metallic stent prosthesis is disclosed which includes sequentially applying a plurality of relatively thin outer layers of a coating composition comprising a solvent mixture of uncured polymeric silicone material and crosslinker and finely divided biologically active species, possibly of controlled average particle size, to form a coating on each stent surface. The coatings are cured in situ and the coated, cured prosthesis are sterilized in a step that includes preferred pretreatment with argon gas plasma and exposure to gamma radiation electron beam, ethylene oxide, steam.

Abstract: A method for coating a metal substrate in which a coating film is applied reliably and strongly on a surface processed film on a metal matrix material. The coating method for the metal substrate includes an immersion step of immersing a surface-processed metal substrate in a solution mainly composed of an amorphous-like fluorine resin, a polymerization step of polymerizing the amorphous-like fluorine resin and the surface processed metal substrate, and a step of forming a coating film on a surface-processed surface of the metal substrate.

Abstract: A target of fullerene is placed with a substrate in a vacuum chamber. A charged beam, i.e., an electron beam or an ion beam, is directed at the target with a power adequate to emit fullerene molecules from the target and not high enough to form significant amounts of fullerene having a higher molecular structure than the target fullerenes. Fullerene is deposited on the substrate. Regardless of the approach used to deposit the fullerenes, the substrate can be heated during deposition to a temperature above the fullerene-to-fullerene disorption temperature to form a coating consisting of an approximate monolayer of fullerene.

Abstract: An optical fiber having one or more resin coatings is manufactured by applying at least one electron beam-curable resin composition to a bare optical fiber, and exposing the resin composition to electron beams to cure the resin composition. The EB-curable resin composition contains (A) 10-90% by weight of a urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer and (B) 90-10% by weight of a reactive diluent. The exposure to electron beams is done under conditions including (a) an acceleration voltage of 50-150 kV, (b) a distance of 0.5 mm to less than 10 mm between an electron beam window and the optical fiber surface, (c) an atmosphere of nitrogen or helium under atmospheric pressure, having (d) an oxygen concentration of up to 1,000 ppm, and (e) at least two directions of irradiation to the optical fiber.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a photoresist-free method for depositing films composed of metals, such as copper, or its oxides from metal complexes. More specifically, the method involves applying an amorphous film of a metal complex to a substrate. The metal complexes have the formula MfLgXh, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Au, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Si, Sn, Li, Na, K, Ba, Sr, Mo, Ru, Pd, Pt, Re, Ir, and Os, L is a ligand of the formula (R2NCR2′CO) wherein R and R′ are independently selected from H, CnHm and CnHmAxBy wherein A and B are independently selected from main group elements and f, g, h, n, m, x and y represent integers and wherein X is an anion independently selected from N3, NCO, NO3, NO2, Cl, Br, I, CN, OH, H and CH3. These films, upon, for example, thermal, photochemical or electron beam irradiation may be converted to the metal or its oxides.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing liquid crystal display devices comprising a step for forming a transparent electrode and a circuit element of semiconductor on the surface of a pair of transparent substrates, and various steps for applying a photoresist, exposing to the light, etching, releasing the photoresist, inspecting the electrodes and circuit elements of semiconductor, forming an insulating film, forming an alignment film, rubbing the alignment film, spreading spacers, applying a sealing agent, fabricating a cell, filling a liquid crystal, pasting a polarizing plate, and connecting a driver IC characterized in that a soft X-ray is irradiated to the substrate in at least one step prior to the rubbing of the alignment films to produce liquid crystal display devices, at a high yield, in which devices number of pixel defect is small.

Abstract: An anion exchange membrane comprising a resin phase which contains from 20 to 96 mass % of a polymer having repeating units represented by the following formula (1): 1

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for coating a metallic or semimetallic surface in which coating molecules containing reactive groups are bound covalently to the surface by irradiation with light and it also concerns a structured coated surface.

Abstract: A coated plastic or high pressure laminated article and a process for making same includes coating a plastic or high pressure laminated substrate with a radiation curable top coat which may include ultraviolet inhibitors therein. The radiation curable top coat is subjected to a curing step which includes curing with either an electron beam, ultraviolet radiation or a combination thereof. The resulting article is a coated article which is comprised of a substrate coated with a radiation cured coating having an outer surface susceptible for receiving a sublimatable ink diffused therein.

Abstract: The present invention includes a low voltage, high current density, large area cathode for scrubbing of cathodoluminescent layers. The cathodoluminescent layers are formed on a transparent conductive layer formed on a transparent insulating viewing screen to provide a faceplate. An electrical coupling is formed to the transparent conductive layer to provide a return path for electrons. The faceplate and the cathodoluminescent layers are placed on a conveyer in a vacuum. The cathodoluminescent layers are irradiated with an electron beam having a density of greater than one hundred microamperes/cm2. The electron beam may be provided by a cathode including an insulating base, a first post secured to the insulating base near a first edge of the insulating base and a second post including a spring-loaded tip secured to the insulating base near a second edge of the insulating base.

Abstract: A multilayer coating of fullerene molecules is deposited on a substrate, and layers of the multilayer coating are removed leaving an approximate monolayer coating of fullerene molecules on the substrate. In some embodiments, a beam generator, such as an ion beam, electron beam or laser generator, produces a beam arranged to break the weaker fullerene-to-fullerene intermolecular bond of the multilayer coating and inadequate to break the stronger fullerene-to-substrate association/bond of the coating. The beam is directed at the multilayer coating to break the fullerene-to-fullerene intermolecular bond. In other embodiments, the monolayer of fullerene molecules is formed by applying a solvent to the multilayer coating to break the fullerene-to-fullerene intermolecular bond of the multilayer coating.

Abstract: The present invention provides a curable treating agent and a curing treatment process which provide excellent results with regard to any of heat resistance, water resistance, surface physical properties, and impregnability, and further, involve high productivity. The electron-beam-curable treating agent according to the present invention comprises a high boiling point resin in a ratio of not lower than 10 weight %, and is characterized in that the high boiling point resin includes a high boiling point radical-polymerizable component in a ratio of higher than 90 weight %, wherein the high boiling point radical-polymerizable component includes a specific acrylic derivative in a ratio of not lower than 5 weight %. The electron beam curing treatment process according to the present invention is characterized by comprising the step of irradiating a treating agent with an electron beam under specific conditions, wherein the treating agent includes a specific acrylic derivative.

Abstract: There is provided a method of applying a surface treatment, such as coating, denaturation, modification and etching, to a surface of a substrate. The method comprises the steps of bringing a surface treatment gas into contact with a surface of a substrate, and irradiating the surface of the substrate with a fast particle beam to enhance an activity of the surface and/or the surface treatment gas thereby facilitating the reaction between the surface and the gas. The fast particle beam may be selected from a group consisting of an electron beam, a charged particle beam, an atomic beam and molecular beam. For example, in a coating operation, chemically deposition of predetermined component elements of the gas onto the surface is effected and a predetermined portion in the surface of the substrate is irradiated with a particle beam to form a coating layer on the predetermined portion.

Abstract: A process for lacquer coating substrates with a colored and/or effect base lacquer and a clear lacquer topcoat, in which a colored and/or effect base lacquer layer of a base lacquer coating composition is applied onto a substrate and is provided in a wet-on-wet process with a clear lacquer coating. Before being jointly stoved or jointly cured with the base lacquer layer, the uncured clear lacquer layer is exposed to high-energy radiation. In the clear lacquer coating composition, the resin solids content contains 50 to 98 wt. % of a system A) thermally curable by addition and/or condensation reactions, which system contains substantially no free-radically polymerisable double bonds and substantially no groups capable of reacting in another way with free-radically polymerisable double bonds of a system B). The resin solids content further contains 2 to 50 wt.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing liquid crystal display devices comprising a step for forming a transparent electrode and a circuit element of semiconductor on the surface of a pair of transparent substrates, and various steps for applying a photoresist, exposing to the light, etching, releasing the photoresist, inspecting the electrodes and circuit elements of semiconductor, forming an insulating film, forming an alignment film, rubbing the alignment film, spreading spacers, applying a sealing agent, fabricating a cell, filling a liquid crystal, pasting a polarizing plate, and connecting a driver IC characterized in that a soft X-ray is irradiated to the substrate in at least one step prior to the rubbing of the alignment films to produce liquid crystal display devices, at a high yield, in which devices number of pixel defect is small.

Abstract: Antimicrobial activity is imparted to the surface(s) of an apparatus or article by polymerizing tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate in the presence of the apparatus or article by which adhesion of the polymer to the surface(s) is achieved. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the antimicrobial monomer is graft polymerized on the surface(s).

Abstract: The invention provides a system and a method for densifying a surface of a porous film. By reducing the porosity of a film, the method yields a densified film that is more impenetrable to subsequent liquid processes. The method comprises the steps of providing a film having an exposed surface. The film can be supported by a semiconductor substrate. When the film is moved to a processing position, a focused source of radiation is created by a beam source. The exposed surface of the film is then irradiated by the beam source at the processing position until a predetermined dielectric constant is achieved. The film or beam source may be rotated, inclined, and/or moved between a variety of positions to ensure that the exposed surface of the film is irradiated evenly.

Abstract: This invention teaches that the use of electron beam equipment and modified acrylic unsaturated coating compositions for free radical curing will reduce energy consumption for coating the exterior surface of tubing. The faster rate of polymerization of this coating composition allows for the replacement of a conventional oven or induction heater unit with an electron beam unit requiring much less floor space and generating much less heat. Pigmented coatings formulated according to this invention can be cured with an electron beam more efficiently than light radiation equipment and will meet the commercial coating requirements established by tube coaters. The application of the above specified type liquid coatings involves reduced maintenance costs and labor to operate as compared to powder coating systems and light radiation curing equipment.

Abstract: An optical fiber coating material comprising (A) 100 parts by weight of a polyether polyurethane bearing at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups with a Mn of 800-10,000, and (B) 1-40 parts by weight of a nitrogenous reactive diluent is cured by irradiating thereto electron beams, produced by driving electrons under an accelerating voltage of 50-190 kV, in a dose of 10-100 kGy. The method succeeds in effectively curing the optical fiber coating material into a cured coating having stable properties.

Abstract: An electrically insulating thin-film-forming resin composition comprising (A) a hydrogen silsesquioxane resin, (B) a solvent-soluble polymer, and (C) a solvent; and a method for forming an electrically insulting thin film therefrom.

Abstract: Release liners and processes for making the same are disclosed. The release liners include no more than about 1.5 micrograms/square centimeter of nonreacted silicone materials (extractables). The release liners are prepared using solvent coating of radiation curable silicone release materials.

Abstract: An electrically insulating crosslinked thin-film-forming organic resin composition comprising (A) an electrically insulating organic resin having silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms or silicon atom-bonded alkenyl groups and (B) a solvent, and a method for forming a crosslinked thin film therefrom.

Abstract: A closed space is formed in a reduced pressure drying station, and the closed space is brought to a vacuum state. In this state, an EB unit irradiates a wafer mounted on a hot plate with an electron beam to foam an insulating film material. Subsequently, the hot plate is raised to a predetermined temperature, and drying processing is performed under a reduced pressure. As described above, since the foaming processing is performed in the reduced pressure drying station, bubbles remain in the insulating film, so that the existence of the bubbles can decrease the relative dielectric constant.

Abstract: A method for depositing a ceramic coating on a substrate by spraying a liquid. To accomplish this, first a first coating solution and at least one further coating solution are sprayed and react chemically when they are brought together. The reaction product thus formed forms the coating on the substrate or is converted into the coating in a subsequent further process step. The device has a spray device that ensures that the first coating solution and the further coating solution are brought together immediately before spraying or during spraying itself in the spray device. Alternatively, the device has a first spray device and at least one further spray device, so that the coating solutions are brought together and the reaction that forms the reaction product takes place after spraying on the substrate has occurred.

Abstract: Process for producing adhesive tapes in which adhesive tapes coated on one side with an adhesive composition are subjected to radiation crosslinking, the irradiation of the adhesive tape taking place through the backing material of the adhesive tape onto the adhesive composition in such a way that the backing material and that side of the adhesive composition facing the backing material receive a dose of from 30 to 200 kGy, in particular 100 kGy, and the acceleration voltage during the irradiation being chosen such that the dose on the open side of the adhesive composition has fallen from 0 to 60 kGy, in particular from 10 to 20 kGy.

Abstract: In connection with a unit (3) for irradiating electron beams to a curable coating on a filament (1) for curing the coating, x-ray shielding tubes (6 and 7) are disposed upstream of an inlet (3a) and downstream of an outlet (3b) of the irradiating unit (3), respectively, for shielding secondary x-rays resulting from the electron beam irradiation. Secondary x-rays emanating from electron beams irradiated to the curable coating on the filament can be shielded in a simple way. The invention helps establish a safe working environment without detracting from process efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compositions and methods for preventing corrosion.

Abstract: The method of the present invention for making a non-linear optical polymer layer has the steps of (a) flash evaporating a coating material monomer having a plurality of non-linear optical molecules as an evaporate; (b) cryocondensing the evaporate on a surface; and (c) crosslinking the cryocondensed evaporate. The surface may be electrically biased for poling during crosslinking.

Abstract: A two step method or process for improving the adherence or bonding of a lubricious coating of a crosslinked polyurethane, polyurea or polyurethaneurea/PEO or PVP coating to a substrate surface, said two step method comprising a first step of subjecting said surface to a surface preparation which results in the treated surface being provided with a functional tie layer containing functional groups for reaction with functional groups of a reaction mixture to be applied in a subsequent second step, which upon curing forms a crosslinked polyurethane, polyurea or polyurethaneurea/PEO or PVP coating and a second step of applying to said tie layer said reaction mixture and curing the reaction mixture. A medical device resulting from the above-described two step method.

Abstract: When an insulator is irradiated with an electron beam, a pulse-shape voltage is applied to the insulator from a pulse power source. As a result, a charge-up state of the insulator can be prevented. If an object which must be subjected to surface modification is an insulator, the object can effectively be irradiated with the electron beam to perform the surface modification.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide technology for processing and observing a cross-section using a focussed ion beam method for obtaining a microscopic image where an original sample surface shape is clearly depicted at the sample surface in a cross-section processing step. The present invention achieves this object by first forming a covering layer of a different material to the material of a sample surface at the surface of the as-yet unprocessed sample. A protective layer is then formed by deposition and this portion is subjected to cross-section processing. A covering layer of a different material then exists at the boundary of the original sample surface and the protective layer deposited by deposition. The presence of the covering layer of a different substance in a microscopic image then enables the shape of the original sample surface to be clearly depicted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing scratch-resistant coatings which comprises applying a coating composition which in the cured state has a storage modulus E′ in the rubber-elastic range of at least 107.6 Pa and a loss factor tan &dgr; at 20° C. of not more than 0.10, the storage modulus E′0 and the loss factor having been measured by dynamic mechanical thermoanalysis on homogeneous free films having a film thickness of 40±10 &mgr;m. The present invention additionally relates to the use of the process for producing multicoat finishes and also to coating compositions suitable for this process.

Abstract: A fullerene containing structure comprises an amorphous carbon base having a first amorphous carbon layer and a second amorphous carbon layer laminated together, and a giant fullerene formed in the neighborhood of layer interface of the amorphous carbon base straddling on both the amorphous carbon layers. A plurality of giant fullerenes generated in the neighborhood of the layer interface are connected together to form a continuum body such as a film structure (a film of giant fullerene) or the like. According to such the fullerene containing structure, a shape and a position to be formed of the giant fullerene, further a state of formation such as a connecting structure or the like can be controlled. In addition, the stable carbon base can protect the generated giant fullerene itself.

Abstract: When an insulator is irradiated with an electron beam, a pulse-shape voltage is applied to the insulator from a pulse power source. As a result, a charge-up state of the insulator can be prevented. If an object which must be subjected to surface modification is an insulator, the object can effectively be irradiated with the electron beam to perform the surface modification.

Abstract: A cured coated article and a process for making same includes coating a substrate, such as wood, plastic, high pressure laminates, ceramic or metal with a radiation curable top coat having UV protectable additives therein. The radiation curable top coat is subjected to a curing step which includes curing with either an electron beam, ultraviolet radiation or a combination thereof. A sublimatable ink may be transferred into the top coat.

Abstract: A process for coating a moving length of sheet metal is disclosed that includes the steps of 1) cleaning the moving length of sheet metal to remove surface contaminants that may interfere with the coating adhering to the sheet metal; 2) applying an electron beam curable coating to the moving length of sheet metal; and, 3) exposing the coating on the moving length of sheet metal to an electron beam to cure the coating, the cleaning, coating and curing resulting in no emission of pollutants that need to be removed before the emission is released into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A gas and radiation are used to produce a protective coating that is substantially void-free on the molecular scale, self-terminating, and degradation resistant. The process can be used to deposit very thin (≈5-20 Å) coatings on critical surfaces needing protection from degradative processes including, corrosion and contamination.

Abstract: The method of the present invention for making a light emitting polymer has the steps of (a) flash evaporating a coating material monomer together with light emitting particles in an evaporate outlet forming an evaporate; (b) cryocondensing the evaporate; and (c) crosslinking the condensed evaporate. The evaporate may be passed to a glow discharge electrode creating a glow discharge monomer plasma from the evaporate; then (d) cryocondensing the glow discharge monomer plasma on the surface and crosslinking the glow discharge monomer plasma thereon, wherein the crosslinking results from radicals created in the glow discharge monomer plasma and achieves self curing.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device comprises an electroconductive film including an electron-emitting region and a pair of electrodes for applying a voltage to the electroconductive film. The electron-emitting region is formed by applying a film of organic substance to the electroconductive film, carbonizing the organic substance by electrically energizing the electroconductive film, and forming a fissure or fissures in the electroconductive film prior to the carbonization. The electron-emitting device constitutes an electron source having a plurality of electron-emitting devices, and further an image-forming device comprising an electron source and an image-forming member arranged in an envelope.

Abstract: A hybrid film, comprising a first polymer film having a plasma-treated surface and a second polymer film having first and second surfaces, with the first surface of the second polymer film being disposed along the first plasma-treated surface of the first polymer film, has superior thermal and mechanical properties that improve performance in a number of applications, including food packaging, thin film metallized and foil capacitors, metal evaporated magnetic tapes, flexible electrical cables, and decorative and optically variable films. One or more metal layers may be deposited on either the plasma-treated surface of the substrate and/or the radiation-cured acrylate polymer A ceramic layer may be deposited on the radiation-cured acrylate polymer to provide an oxygen and moisture barrier film. The hybrid film is produced using a high speed, vacuum polymer deposition process that is capable of forming thin, uniform, high temperature, cross-liked acrylate polymers on specific thermoplastic or thermoset films.