Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal composition containing the compound represented by the general formula (1) and a liquid crystal display device that uses the liquid crystal composition. The compound represented by the general formula (1) has high ??, high Tni, and good miscibility with other liquid crystal compounds. Therefore, a liquid crystal composition that has high ?? and exhibits a liquid crystal phase in a wide temperature range can be obtained by using the compound represented by the general formula (1) as a component of the liquid crystal composition. Thus, the compound is very useful as a constituent component of the liquid crystal composition for liquid crystal display devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 1,4-diethynylbenzene derivatives having substituents in the 2,3-position (cf. formula I, Claims), to the use thereof for high-frequency components, to liquid-crystalline media comprising the compounds, and to high-frequency components, in particular antennae, especially for the gigahertz range, comprising these media. The liquid-crystalline media serve, for example, for the phase shifting of microwaves for tuneable ‘phased-array’ antennae.

Abstract: Aromatic compounds having a perfluoroalkyl group and a gelling agent for gelling an organic liquid which is composed of any one of them. This gelling agent can gel many kinds of organic liquids by adding a small amount thereof.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing an alkyl cyclopentadiene compound is disclosed. The method includes contacting at least one cyclopentadienyl anion source and at least one alkyl group source to form at least one alkyl cyclopentadiene compound. The method further includes extracting the alkyl cyclopentadiene compound with a hydrocarbon solvent. The alkyl cyclopentadiene compound may be converted to a metallocene catalyst compound.

Abstract: Compounds and compositions are disclosed that are useful for treating ophthalmic conditions caused by or related to production of toxic visual cycle products that accumulate in the eye, such as dry adult macular degeneration, as well as conditions caused by or related to the misfolding of mutant opsin proteins and/or the mis-localization of opsin proteins. Compositions of these compounds alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents are also described, along with therapeutic methods of using such compounds and/or compositions. Methods of synthesizing such agents are also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel organic compound that can be used in a variety of liquid crystal devices or a liquid crystal composition containing the novel organic compound is provided. An organic compound represented by General Formula (G1) is provided. A novel liquid crystal composition containing the organic compound is provided. In General Formula (G1), Ar1 and Ar2 separately represent a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenylene group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms. In addition, m and n separately represent 0 or 1. R1 and R2 separately represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The 1-aryl-2-aryloxyethane compounds of Formula 1 in which n and m are zero or equal to 1, provided that n+m=1, R1 and R2 in particular representing hydrogen atoms, R3 and R4 in particular representing hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, hydroxy or alkoxy groups, and R5 in particular representing hydrogen atoms, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, amino or nitro groups, in cosmetic compositions intended for anti-ageing and/or depigmenting and/or anti-inflammatory and/or wound-healing care.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal compound showing a large absolute value of dielectric anisotropy (|??|. A compound is represented by formula (1): wherein, in formula (1), Ra and Rb are fluorine, alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons or the like, and in the alkyl, at least one of —CH2— may be replaced by —O— or the like, however, Ra and Rb are not identical; A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene or the like, and in the groups, at least one of hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine; Z1, Z2, Z4 and Z5 are a single bond or the like; Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are hydrogen, fluorine or the like; and m, n, q and r are 0, 1 or 2, and a sum of m, n, q and r is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stilbene and quinine compounds related to combretastatin A-4 and their use as anticancer compounds and prodrugs. The compounds include those with an alkyl group on the double bond of cis- or trans-stilbenes, compounds with one or more (and preferably 2 or 3) alkyl group substituents on the stilbene A ring, compounds with an alkoxy group other than methoxy at position 3, 4, and/or 5 of the stilbene A ring, compounds (or prodrugs) in which BBOC amino acid esters are formed with the phenolic hydroxyl at the 3-position of the B ring and compounds (or prodrugs) based on a benzoquinone B ring. The present invention further relates to the photochemical reactions of stilbene compounds, either the above compounds disclosed for the first time herein or compounds based on prior stilbenes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chemical total synthesis methods of six novel protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) inhibitors and application of the inhibitors in the preparation of medicaments for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The PTP1B inhibitors use one or more of the six compounds represented by the structural formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, as active components. The compounds can enhance the sensitivity of an insulin receptor by inhibiting the activity of PTP1B, thereby having a favorable therapeutic effect on insulin-resistant T2DM.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition and an AM liquid crystal display device are described. The liquid crystal composition contains a specific compound having a small viscosity as a first component, may further contain a specific compound having a large negative dielectric anisotropy as a second component and a specific compound having a small viscosity as a third component, and has a negative dielectric anisotropy and a ratio of rotational viscosity to an elastic constant in the range of 4.2 GPa·s/N or lower. The liquid crystal display device includes the composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nordihydroguaiaretic acid derivative compounds, namely, butane bridge modified nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) compounds and butane bridge modified tetra-O-substituted NDGA compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, methods of making them, and methods of using them and kits including them for the treatment of diseases and disorders, in particular, diseases resulting from or associated with a virus infection, such as HIV infection, HPV infection, or HSV infection, an inflammatory disease, such as various types of arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases, metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension, or a proliferative disease, such as diverse types of cancers.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a phosphine compound represented by general formula (1) wherein R? and R? independently are selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl and 2-furyl radicals, or R? and R? are joined together to form with the phosphorous atom a carbon-phosphorous monocycle comprising at least 3 carbon atoms or a carbon-phosphorous bicycle; the alkyl radicals, cycloalkyl radicals, and carbon-phosphorous monocycle being unsubstituted or substituted by at least one radical selected from the group of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy, and aryloxy radicals; Cps is a partially substituted or completely substituted cyclopentadien-1-yl group, including substitutions resulting in a fused ring system, and wherein a substitution at the 1-position of the cyclopentadien-1-yl group is mandatory when the cyclopentadien-1-yl group is not part of a fused ring system or is part of an indenyl group. Also claimed is the use of these phosphines as ligands in catalytic reactions and the preparation of these phosphines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystal medium which comprises a component A which consists of one or more compounds of the formula X in which the parameters have the respective meanings given in the claims or in the text, and to the corresponding, novel mesogenic compounds and to the preparation thereof. The present invention likewise relates to the use of these liquid-crystal media, in particular in components for high-frequency technology, and to components of this type which contain the media according to the invention, and to the production and use of these components. The components according to the invention are suitable, in particular, for phase shifters in the microwave and millimetre wave region, for microwave and millimetre wave array antennae and very particularly for so-called tuneable “reflectarrays”.

Abstract: Disclosed are liquid-crystal (LC) media for use in LC displays of the PS (polymer stabilised) or PSA (polymer sustained alignment) type which contain a liquid-crystal (LC) mixture that contains one or more compounds of formula I

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound having a high stability to heat, light or the like, a high clearing point, a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and an excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, and a liquid crystal composition including this compound, and a liquid crystal display device containing this composition. A compound represented by formula (1): for example, R1 is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons; ring A1, ring A2 and ring A3 are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene or 1,4-phenylene in which at least one of hydrogen has been replaced by fluorine; Z1 is a single bond, and Z2 and Z3 are —CF2O— or —OCF2—; X1 is fluorine; and L1 and L2 are fluorine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystal medium which comprises a component A which consists of one or more compounds of the formula I in which the parameters have the respective meanings given in the claims or in the text, and to the corresponding, novel mesogenic compounds and to the preparation thereof. The present invention likewise relates to the use of these liquid-crystal media, in particular in components for high-frequency technology, and to components of this type which contain media according to the invention, and to the production and use of these components. The components according to the invention are suitable, in particular, as phase shifters in the microwave and millimetre wave region, for microwave and millimetre wave array antennae and very particularly for so-called tuneable “reflectarrays”.

Abstract: The present invention relates to bistolans of the formula I where one or more of the radicals L1 to L3 denote an Rx, where Rx denotes cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl, and the other parameters are as defined in Claim 1. The invention also encompasses liquid-crystalline media which comprise the title compounds, to components for high-frequency technology which comprise these media, in particular phase shifters and microwave array antennae.

Abstract: The present invention relates to liquid-crystalline compounds having two fluorinated biphenyl units, a terminal trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy group and a —CF2O— bridge between the two fluorinated biphenyl units. The invention also relates to liquid-crystalline media prepared therewith and to liquid-crystal display devices (LC displays) containing these media.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid-crystalline media comprising at least one compound of the formula I, in which R0, R0* and ring A have the meanings indicated in Claim 1, and to electro-optical liquid-crystal displays, in particular for TN-TFT, OCB, IPS, PS-IPS, FFS, PS-FFS and positive VA applications.

Abstract: Intermediates and synthetic processes for the preparation of substituted phenylalanine-based compounds (e.g.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing an alkyl cyclopentadiene compound is disclosed. The method includes contacting at least one cyclopentadienyl anion source and at least one alkyl group source to form at least one alkyl cyclopentadiene compound. The method further includes extracting the alkyl cyclopentadiene compound with a hydrocarbon solvent. The alkyl cyclopentadiene compound may be converted to a metallocene catalyst compound.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a compound represented by Structural Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The variables for Structural Formula (I) are defined herein. Also described is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of Structural Formula (I) and its therapeutic use.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are phosphine compounds represented by the general formula (4): and corresponding phosphonium salts represented by the general formula (4a): Also disclosed are processes for the preparation of these phosphines and phosphonium salts as well as their use as ligands in catalytic reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for carrying out a chemical reaction for producing a target compound by heating in a reactor a reaction medium containing at least one first reactant, such that a chemical bond inside the first reactant or between the first and a second reactant is formed or modified. The reaction medium is brought into contact with a solid heating medium that can be warmed by electromagnetic induction and that is inside the reactor and is surrounded by the reaction medium. Said heating medium is heated by electromagnetic induction with the aid of an inductor and the target bond is formed from the first reactant or from the first and a second reactant and said target bond is separated from the heating medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a component for high-frequency technology or for the microwave range and millimetre wave range of the electromagnetic spectrum, characterised in that it contains a liquid-crystal compound of the formula I in which the parameters have the respective meanings given in the claims or in the text, or a liquid-crystal medium which itself comprises one or more compounds of this formula I, and to the corresponding, novel liquid-crystal media, to the use and preparation thereof, and to the production and use of the components. The components according to the invention are particularly suitable as phase shifters in the microwave and millimetre wave range, for microwave and millimetre wave array antennae and very particularly for so-called tuneable reflectarrays.

Abstract: Compositions capable of simultaneous two-photon absorption and higher order absorptivities are provided. Compounds having a donor-pi-donor or acceptor-pi-acceptor structure are of particular interest, where the donor is an electron donating group, acceptor is an electron accepting group, and pi is a pi bridge linking the donor and/or acceptor groups. The pi bridge may additionally be substituted with electron donating or withdrawing groups to alter the absorptive wavelength of the structure. Also disclosed are methods of generating an excited state of such compounds through optical stimulation with light using simultaneous absorption of photons of energies individually insufficient to achieve an excited state of the compound, but capable of doing so upon simultaneous absorption of two or more such photons. Applications employing such methods are also provided, including controlled polymerization achieved through focusing of the light source(s) used.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing functionalized aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkenyl, or alkenyl compounds, by a transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl-X, heteroaryl-X, cycloalkenyl-X or alkenyl-X compound with an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl halide, where X is a halide, diazonium, tosylate (p-toluenesulphonate), mesylate (methanesulphonate) or triflate (trifluoromethanesulphonate) leaving group.

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, benzene and hydrogen are contacted with a catalyst under hydroalkylation conditions to produce an effluent containing cyclohexylbenzene. The catalyst comprises a composite of a molecular sieve, an inorganic oxide different from said molecular sieve and at least one hydrogenation metal, wherein at least 50 wt % of said hydrogenation metal is supported on the inorganic oxide and the inorganic oxide has an average particle size less than 40 ?m (microns).

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, hydrogen and a liquid feed comprising benzene are introduced into a reaction zone and are contacted in the reaction zone under hydroalkylation conditions to produce cyclohexylbenzene. An effluent stream comprising cyclohexylbenzene and unreacted benzene is removed from the reaction zone and is divided into at least first and second portions, wherein the mass ratio of the effluent stream first portion to the effluent stream second portion is at least 2:1. The effluent stream first portion is then cooled and the cooled effluent stream first portion is recycled to the reaction zone.

Abstract: A zwitterionic phosphonium salt of Formula I: wherein n is 0 or 1; R is H or SO3; R? is selected from the group consisting of C1-C10 alkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, benzyl and C1-C10 alkoxy-carbonyl; R? is CX3 when n is O; and X is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I. The zwitterionic phosphonium salts are useful reagents for the preparation of alkenes and acetals from the corresponding aldehyde.

Abstract: A polycyclic pentafluorosulfanylbenzene compound represented by the following general formula (1) and a process for producing the polycyclic pentafluorosulfanylbenzene compound which comprises reacting a specific pentafluorosulfanylbenzene compound with a specific boronic acid compound are provided. The polycyclic pentafluorosulfanylbenzene compound is a novel compound and can be produced by the process industrially advantageously. (R1 to R4 each independently represent hydrogen atom or fluorine atom, R5 represents a hydrocarbon group having at least two cyclic structures which may have substituents, and Z represents keto group, thioketo group, methylene group or difluoromethylene group.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound represented by formula (1), a liquid crystal composition comprising the compound, and a liquid crystal display device comprising the composition: For example, R1 is alkyl having 1 to 20; ring A1, ring A2, ring A3, ring A4, ring A5, and ring A6 are 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5, and Z6 is a single bond; X1 is hydrogen or halogen; l, m, n, o, p, and q are 0 or 1, and l+m+n+o+p+q is 3.

Abstract: Agents useful for the treatment of various metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance syndrome, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver disease, cachexia, obesity, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for carrying out a chemical reaction for producing a target compound by heating in a reactor a reaction medium containing at least one first reactant, such that a chemical bond inside the first reactant or between the first and a second reactant is formed or modified. The reaction medium is brought into contact with a solid heating medium that can be warmed by electromagnetic induction and that is inside the reactor and is surrounded by the reaction medium. Said heating medium is heated by electromagnetic induction with the aid of an inductor and the target bond is formed from the first reactant or from the first and a second reactant and said target bond is separated from the heating medium.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (I). (In the formula, R1 is hydrogen or C1-8 alkyl; ring A is 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-trans-cyclohexylene, or 2,6-naphthylene; Z1 and Z2 each are —COO—, —OCO—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —CH2CH2—, —CH?CH—, —C?C—, or a single bond; m is 1 or 2; n is 0 or 1; X1 and X2 each are C1-3 alkyl or alkoxy or hydrogen, provided that when one of X1 and X2 is hydrogen, the other must not be hydrogen; Y1 and Y2 each are hydrogen, fluorine, or chlorine; Q is C1-8 saturated or unsaturated alkyl in which all or part of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by a halogen atom; and L is oxygen atom or a single bond.

Abstract: A process for the cyclopropanation of a substituted alkene, comprising the reaction of the alkene with a carbenoide, generated from dibromomethane and a tri-(C2-C8)-alkyl aluminium compound, in the presence of a catalytic amount of a metal compound selected from the group consisting of Lewis acids, metallocenes and metal carbonyl complexes. The process advantageously uses transition metal compounds as catalysts and the dibromomethane can be recovered. The process is especially useful for the preparation of ingredients for the flavour and fragrance industry.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound having high optical anisotropy and high compatibility with a polymer resin, which is represented by Formula 1 and necessarily has at least one meta substituent. Also, a resin composition including the compound and a polymer resin, and an optical member including the resin composition are disclosed. Since the compound represented by Formula 1 is an anisotropic compound having high compatibility with a polymer resin and high optical anisotropy, in the case of an optical member obtained by using a polymer resin composition including the compound represented by Formula 1, there is no phase separation, and it is possible to achieve a required optical characteristic with only a small amount thereof.

Abstract: A method of performing a chemical reaction includes reacting a compound selected from the group consisting of an organohalide and an organo-pseudohalide, and a protected organoboronic acid represented by formula (I) in a reaction mixture: R1—B-T ??(I); where R1 represents an organic group, T represents a conformationally rigid protecting group, and B represents boron having sp3 hybridization. When unprotected, the corresponding organoboronic acid is unstable by the boronic acid neat stability test. The reaction mixture further includes a base having a pKB of at least 1 and a palladium catalyst. The method further includes forming a cross-coupled product in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Novel vitamin D analogs, markedly active in the fields of cell proliferation and differentiation, are selected from among (4E,6E)-7-{3-[2-(3,4-bis-hydroxymethylphenyl)-ethyl]phenyl}-3-ethylnona-4,6-dien-3-ol, (E)-6-[3-(3,4-bis-hydroxymethylbenzyloxy)phenyl]1,1,1-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethyloct-5-en-3-yn-2-ol, (3E,5E)-6-[3-(3,4-bis-hydroxymethylbenzyloxy)-phenyl]-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethylocta-3,5-dien-2-ol, (E)-6-{3-[2-(3,4-bis-hydroxymethylphenyl)ethyl]phenyl}-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethyloct-5-en-3-yn-2-ol, and (3E,5E)-6-{3-[2-(3,4-bis-hydroxymethylphenyl)-ethyl]phenyl-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethylocta-3,5-dien-2-ol, and the geometric isomers thereof and these compounds in which one or more of the hydroxyl functions are protected by a protective group —(C?O)—R, in which R is a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl radical having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl radical having from 7 to 11 carbon atoms, the aryl radical or the aralkyl radical optional

Abstract: The present invention provides a conductive liquid-crystal material having features including that, for example, excellent conductivity is exhibited at a low threshold voltage of about 5 V even in a room temperature range, the value of resistance varies with an applied voltage, the current density rises sharply at a voltage of about 5 V, and an excellent charge mobility is exhibited, as well as a process for producing the conductive liquid-crystal material, a liquid-crystal composition which is used for the conductive liquid-crystal material, a liquid-crystal semiconductor element, and an information recording medium.

Abstract: A compound shown by the following formula (1) can be used as a material for a radiation-sensitive composition capable of forming a resist film which effectively responds to electron beams or the like, exhibits low roughness, and can form a high precision minute pattern in a stable manner.

Abstract: Aromatic compounds having a perfluoroalkyl group and a gelling agent for gelling an organic liquid which is composed of any one of them. This gelling agent can gel many kinds of organic liquids by adding a small amount thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a benzene derivative having a long, linear conjugated structure, the benzene derivative being capable of exhibiting a satisfactory ability to transport charge without photoexcitation, a process for producing the benzene derivative, and a liquid-crystal material and a charge-transport material containing the benzene derivative having a long, linear conjugated structure. That is, a benzene derivative having a long, linear conjugated structure represented by general formula (1): (wherein R1 represents a methyl group or a hydrogen atom, A represents an alkylene group, —CO—O—(CH2)n—, —C6H4—CH2—, or —CO—).

Abstract: Agents useful for the treatment of various metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance syndrome, diabetes, poly-cystic ovary syndrome, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver disease, cachexia, obesity, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the cyclopropanation of a substituted alkene, comprising the reaction of the alkene with a carbenoide, generated from dibromomethane and a tri-(C2-C8)-alkyl aluminium compound, in the presence of a catalytic amount of a metal compound selected from the group consisting of Lewis acids, metallocenes and metal carbonyl complexes. The process advantageously uses transition metal compounds as catalysts and the dibromomethane can be recovered. The process is especially useful for the preparation of ingredients for the flavour and fragrance industry.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel binaphthol derivatives and methods for the optical resolution of amino acids or amino alcohols and for the optical transformation of D, L-forms of amino acids using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stilbene and quinone compounds related to combretastatin A-4 and their use as anticancer compounds and prodrugs. The compounds include those with an alkyl group on the double bond of cis or trans-stilbenes, compounds with one or more (and preferably 2 or 3) alkyl group substituents on the stilbene A ring, compounds with an alkoxy group other than methoxy at position 3, 4, and/or 5 of the stilbene A ring, compounds (or prodrugs) in which BOC amino acid esters are formed with the phenolic hydroxyl at the 3-position of the B ring and compounds (or prodrugs) based on a benzoquinone B ring. The present invention further relates to the photochemical reactions of stilbene compounds, either the above compounds disclosed for the first time herein or compounds based on prior art stilbenes.

Abstract: The invention relates to copper complexes of phosphorus compounds, to a process for their preparation and to their use in catalytic coupling reactions.

Abstract: New ligands and compositions with bridged bis-aromatic ligands are disclosed that catalyze the polymerization of monomers into polymers. These catalysts with metal centers have high performance characteristics, including higher comonomer incorporation into ethylene/olefin copolymers, where such olefins are for example, 1-octene, propylene or styrene. The catalysts also polymerize propylene into isotactic polypropylene.