Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --R.sup.2 Iin whichR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each an alkyl group having 1-10 C atoms, in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by O atoms and/or --CO-- groups and/or --CO--O-- groups and/or --CH.dbd.CH-- groups, one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 also being H, F, Cl, Br, CN or R.sup.3 --A.sup.3 --Z.sup.2 --,A.sup.1 is --A--, A.sup.4 --A-- or --A--A.sup.4 --,A is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group which can be substituted in the 2-, 3-, 5- and/or 6-position one or more times by F and/or Cl and/or Br and/or CN and/or an alkyl group or a fluorinated alkyl group which each have 1-10 C atoms and in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by 0 atoms and/or --CO-- groups and/or --CO--O-- groups, and which may also be substituted in the 1- and/or 4-position,A.sup.2, A.sup.3 and A.sup.

Abstract: Optically active tolan compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R' are straight chain alkyl and n is 0 or 1, are useful in the preparation of liquid crystalline materials capable of effectively preventing cross-talk due to temperature changes in high level, multiplexing driving systems.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene which comprises oxidizing 2,6-di(2-hydroxy-2-propyl)naphthalene in acetonitrile, 1,4-dioxane or a mixture thereof with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an inorganic acid or a solid acid at a temperture in the range of room temperature to the boiling point of the solution of the 2,6-di(2-hydroxy-2-propyl)naphthalene in acetonitrile or 1,4-dioxane, the acetonitrile, 1,4-dioxane or a mixture thereof being used in an amount of 3 to 30 ml to one gram of the 2,6-di(2-hydroxy-2-propyl)naphthalene.

Abstract: A compound of formula: ##STR1## wherein W represents one or more substituents selected from halo, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl and haloalkoxy or W represents a bidentate group linking adjacent carbon atoms selected from alkylene and alkylenedioxy; Y is a group of formula ##STR2## wherein X is a group of formula --(CF.sub.2).sub.n R.sup.3, where R.sup.3 is selected from hydrogen, chloro and fluoro, and n is one or two, R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, chloro, fluoro and hydroxy and R.sup.2 is selected from methyl, cyano, ethynyl and hydrogen; Q is selected from carbon bearing a hydrogen atom and nitrogen; and Z represents one or more substituents selected from fluoro, benzyl, phenoxy, chlorophenoxy, fluorophenoxy and bromophenoxy, or any isomer thereof. Processes for preparing these compounds and intermediates for use therein, insecticidal compositions containing these compounds and the use thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: Alkylarylethers are produced in accordance with the invention starting from phenols and ethers of aliphatic alcohols in the presence of amorphous BPO.sub.4, and calcined at a temperature of from 150.degree. C. to 600.degree. C.

Abstract: The process comprises: (a) initiating a feed of molten diphenyl oxide to a substantially anhydrous mixture of methylene dibromide solvent, elemental bromine (Br.sub.2) and an aluminum trihalide catalyst at a temperature between about 10.degree. and about 30.degree. C.; (b) heating the reaction mixture to about 50.degree.-60.degree. C., and while maintaining the temperature at about 50.degree.-60.degree. C., continuing the feed of molten diphenyl oxide until the total amount fed is equivalent to (i) about 0.064 to about 0.077 mole per mole of elemental bromine (Br.sub.2) employed in the reaction, and (ii) about 0.2 to about 10 parts by weight per part by weight of methylene dibromide employed in the reaction; (c) steam distilling the methylene dibromide solvent and the residual bromine from the reaction mixture; (d) recovering decabromodiphenyl oxide from the distilland; and (e) drying the methylene dibromide and bromine distillate to render them suitable for reuse in the process.

Abstract: Novel substituted cis-1,2-dihydroxy-cyclohexa-3,5-diene compounds, useful as intermediates in the production of phenols and catechols for use as intermediates in the production of drugs, herbicides, insecticides and as chiral synthons, in particular cis-1,2-dihydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-cyclohexa-3,5-diene. A process for producing the novel compounds is also claimed.

Abstract: A process for the perfluoroalkylation of aromatic derivatives. In a first stage, an aromatic derivative, sulfur dioxide and a metal selected from the group consisting of zinc, aluminum, manganese, cadmium, magnesium, tin, iron, nickel and cobalt, are brought into contact in a solvent, preferably a polar aprotic solvent. In a second stage, a perfluoroalkyl bromide or iodide is added to react with the aromatic derivative.

Abstract: Cyanoacrylate adhesive compositions which employ calixarene compounds as accelerators give substantially reduced fixture and cure times on de-activating substrates such as wood. The calixarene compounds are preferably employed at levels of about 0.1-1% by weight of the composition.The calixarene compounds particularly useful in this invention may be represented by the formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkyl or substituted alkoxy; R.sup.2 is H or alkyl; and n=4, 6, or 8.

Abstract: Vinylphenol derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where A and R.sup.1 to R.sup.7 have the meanings stated in claim 1 and in the description, and their physiologically tolerated salts, drugs prepared from these, and their use for the treatment of various disorders of the skin, the mucous membranes and the internal organs, and of rheumatic disorders.

Abstract: New anisotropic compounds with a cross-polarizing substituent have the formula (1) ##STR1## The increase in .epsilon..perp. is achieved by the polarizing group X, preferably the cyano group or a halogen atom, which is not laterally on the ring, as with the known compounds, but is on the bridge, that is to say is part of the main bridge bonding rings A and B to one another. Ring A has the formula (1a) or (1b) given herein and is always cycloaliphatic, while ring B can be identical to ring A or is an aromatic ring of the formula (1c) or (1d) herein. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different end groups of the formula (1e) herein.The radical X on the bridge causes less widening of the molecule than a radical X on a ring, which provides comparatively higher clear points and moreover enables aromatic rings to be omitted from the anisotropic compounds.

Abstract: Substituted bis-ethers, such as .alpha.,107 -bis-(4-aminophenoxy)-alkyls, are prepared in process which involves sequential addition of reactants, reagents or neutralizing compounds without recovery of intermediate products such as diamides and diamine acid salts. When water is used as the solvent, the process is simplified and product yields in excess of about 70% are obtained.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or straight-chain alkyl; R.sup.2 is --CN, --R, --COR, --COOR or when R.sup.2 is positioned on an aromatic ring R.sup.2 also can be --OR, --OOCR or --F; R is alkyl; A is a group with 1 to 4 six-membered rings, these rings being linked directly with one another and with ring B in each case via a single covalent bond or being linked at one or two positions also via --COO--, --OOC-- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel aromatic alkane derivatives represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Ar stands for a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or naphthyl group, R.sup.1 stands for a methyl, ethyl or isopropyl group and R.sup.2 stands for a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the carbon to which they are attached jointly represent a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group and R.sup.3, stands for a fundamental group of an alcohol which is usually used in a form of R.sup.3 OH as to natural or synthetic pyrethroids, and also to the uses of these compounds.These compounds of the present invention have excellent insecticidal and acaricidal activities while the toxicities of these compounds are very low.

Abstract: A novel compound usable as a component constituting liquid crystal materials having a positive dielectric anisotropy value and a liquid crystal composition containing the same are provided, which compound is an alcohol derivative expressed by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydroxyalkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms having hydroxyl group at the end or an intermediate position thereof; R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group each of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or --C.tbd.N; and ##STR2## represents ##STR3## and when R.sup.2 represents --C.tbd.

Abstract: 4-Substituted phenyl crotyl ether derivative is disclosed, which is a novel nematic liquid crystal compound having a comparatively high N-I point and which, when preparing a practically usable mixed liquid crystal having an N-I point higher than 65.degree. C. by mixing this compound with at least one other liquid crystal compound, can minimize the increase range of the viscosity of the resulting mixed liquid crystal.

Abstract: A method for converting ether groups such as alkyl or aryl ether groups including hydroquinone ether groups to hydroxyl groups and ester groups such as alkyl or aryl ester groups to carboxylic acid groups which comprises reacting a compound including at least one ether and/or ester group with a 2-halo-1,3,2-benzodioxaborole to form an intermediate and hydrolyzing the intermediate such as by quenching it into water to form the desired final product.

Abstract: Aromatic ethers or polyethers are prepared by reacting an organic halide such as a hydrocarbon halide with an aryl lower alkyl carbonate in the presence of an initiator.

Abstract: Polyfunctional cationically polymerizable styryloxy compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is H or methyl; R.sup.2 is hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyl interrupted by ether oxygen atoms, or halo substituted hydrocarbyl; R.sup.3 is H, lower alkyl, or alkoxy; G is any multivalent organic or inorganic radical free of amino or aliphatic thiol groups; and n is an integer of two or more.

Abstract: Nematic compounds with a negative DC antisotropy, characterized by the formula I ##STR1## in which m=1 or 2, r is zero or 1 and m+r=1 or 2, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and are selected from alkyl and alkoxy groups each having 1-12 carbon atoms in a straight or branched chain, which may be chiral, Z is a bridge member selected from a single bond and the groups of the formulae --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.2 --, --O--CO-- or --CO--O--, one of the groups X and Y is selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and cyano and the other of the groups X and Y is selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and cyano, with the proviso that m=r=1 if X and Y are both cyano, are suitable as components for liquid crystal mixtures having an overall negative DC anisotropy, such as are required in particular for electro-optical displays of the type of guest/host displays or homotropic-nematic displays.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulaR.sup.1 --Q.sup.1 --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --(COO).sub.n --(CH.sub.2).sub.p --Q.sup.2 --R.sup.2whereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently alkyl or alkoxy each of 1-12 C atoms, F, Cl, Br, CN or --Q.sup.3 --R.sup.3, or one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can also be H;Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2 and Q.sup.3 are each independently 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)-octylene or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1-4 fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms;R.sup.3 is alkyl or alkoxy each of 1-8 C atoms, H, F, Cl, Br or CN;m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; n is 0 or 1; and p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the sum of (m+p) being 2, 4 or 6 and the sum of (m+n+p) being at least 3;but with the proviso that Q.sup.3 is unsubstituted 1,4-phenylene or 1,4-phenylene substituted by a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, only when n=1 or (m+p)=6 or at least one of R.sup.1 or R.sup.3 is F, Cl or Br or none of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is CN or two of the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.

Abstract: Liquid crystalline mixtures containing compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein n stands for the number 0 or 1; X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 denote single covalent bonds or one of the symbols X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 also denotes --COO--, --OOC-- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --; the rings A.sup.1, A.sup.2, and A.sup.3 represent 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or one of these rings also represents a 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine ring or a trans-2,5-disubstituted m-dioxane ring; R.sup.1 signifies 4-alkenyl or on a cyclohexyl ring also 2Z-alkenyl; and R.sup.2 denotes alkyl, alkoxy, --CN or --NCS,as well as the manufacture of these compounds and the use for electro-optical purposes are described.

Abstract: New hydroterphenyls of formula IR.sup.1 --Cy--Cy--Ph--R.sup.2 Iwherein R.sup.1 is alkyl; R.sup.2 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, CN, alkyl, --O-alkyl, --COOR.sup.3 or --O--CO--R.sup.3 ; R.sup.3 is H, alkyl, --Cy-alkyl, --Ph-alkyl, --Ph--O-alkyl, --Ph--CN or --Ph--F; Cy is 1,4-cyclohexylene; and Ph is 1,4-phenylene; can be used as dielectrics for electrooptical display elements.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compounds having pharmaceutical activity and having the general structure ##STR1## wherein the Z, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, n and m are defined within.

Abstract: The vapor phase reaction of phenolic compounds with organic halides to form aromatic ethers is catalyzed by metal oxides. The halide value of the organic halide is retained as hydrogen halide which can be reacted with a halide acceptor such as methanol to form methyl halide and water.

Abstract: New bicyclohexylethanes of formula IR.sup.1 --Cy--Cy--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --A--(Cy).sub.n --R.sup.2 (I)wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl; R.sup.2 is alkyl, in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can be replaced by O atoms, or is F, Cl, Br, CN, --COOalkyl or --O--CO-alkyl; or one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can also be H; A is Cy, or 1,4-phenylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two F and/or Cl atoms and/or CH.sub.3 groups or by a CN group; Cy is 1,4-cyclohexylene and n is 0 or 1; the alkyl groups in each case containing 1-10 C atoms, with the proviso that n is 1 if A is Cy and R.sup.2 is CN,can be used as constituents of dielectrics for electrooptical display elements.

Abstract: The self condensation of monovinyl aromatic compounds to acyclic dimers, the cross-reaction of monovinyl aromatic compounds with olefins in the presence of acid catalysts to produce cyclialkylated aromatic compounds, and the production of cyclialkylated aromatic compounds by reaction of olefins with acyclic dimers of monovinyl aromatic compounds in the presence of acid catalysts is improved by employing a tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide solvent.

Abstract: Aromatic hydroxyl- or thiol-containing compounds are methylated by contacting with methyl trichloroacetate at elevated temperatures in the presence of an initiator.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising mixtures of HF and metal alkoxides and mixed metal alkoxides produce a sharply peaked alkoxylation distribution during the alkoxylation of organic materials.

Abstract: A polyether compound having ether groups and vinyl double bonds represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a residue of an organic compound having l active hydrogen atoms, n.sub.1 through n.sub.l each represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 100, the sum of the integers represented by n.sub.1 through n.sub.l is from 1 to 100, andl represents an integer of from 1 to 100, and A represents ##STR2## and a process for production thereof; an epoxy resin represented by formula (II) ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1 and n.sub.1 through n.sub.l are defined above, and B is an oxycyclohexane unit having a substituent and is represented by formula (III) ##STR4## wherein X represents a ##STR5## --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, or ##STR6## groups, wherein R.sub.

Abstract: The invention provides novel compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzyloxy, allyloxy, 2,3-epoxypropoxy, methoxymethoxy, ethoxymethoxy, or 2,3-dihydroxypropoxy or ##STR2## wherein one of R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is hydrogen or R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are alkyl groups of 1-4 carbon atoms which may be the same or different, or the --NR.sub.5 R.sub.6 group stands for a nitrogen containing 5 to 7 membered heterocyclic radical and m is 1 or 2; R.sub.2 is an alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or ##STR3## wherein R.sub.7 has the same meanings as R.sub.1 except that R.sub.7 and R.sub.1 cannot simultaneously be the same; R.sub.3 is an alkyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl or hydroxy-cyclopentyl; R.sub.4 is hydrogen or hydroxy; and n is 0 to 3, provided that when R.sub.4 is hydrogen, then R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: Provided is a process for converting an aromatic compound to prepare an iodoarene, Ar--I, and an aryl compound which is a compound wherein an unsaturated compound is bonded directly to an aryl group, Ar, which process comprises reacting a diaryliodonium salt represented by general formula (I)[Ar--I.sup..sym. --Ar]X.sup..crclbar. (I)wherein Ar is an aryl group which may be substituted and two Ar's are identical and X.sup..crclbar. is a counter ion inert to the reaction with the unsaturated compound in a solvent in the presence of a transition metal catalyst and a base or a reducing metal, said reaction being carried out at a temperature not higher than 80.degree. C. and/or by using at least one of the base, the reducing metal and the unsaturated compound in an amount not more than 1.

Abstract: New polyhalogenoaromatic compounds of Formula I ##STR1## wherein Y and Z are each independently alkyl, alkoxy or alkanoyl each of 1 to 12 C atoms, --COOR.sup.1, --O--CO--R.sup.1, CN, NO.sub.2, NH.sub.2 or OH;Q is one or two identical or different radicals selected from Ph, Cy, 1,4-bicyclo[2,2,2]octylene or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl;X.sup.1 to X.sup.4 are each independently H, F, Cl or Br;R.sup.1 is alkyl of 1 to 4 C atoms, Ph--R.sup.2 or Cy--R.sup.2 ;R.sup.2 is alkyl or alkoxy each of 1-12 C atoms or CN;Ph is 1,4-phenylene; and Cy is 1,4-cyclohexylene,can be used as components of liquid-crystal dielectrics.

Abstract: Polyfunctional cationically polymerizable styryloxy compound of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are H, or one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are H and the other is methyl; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are H, lower alkyl, or alkoxy if R.sup.2 is not methyl; R.sup.5 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical; G is any multivalent organic or inorganic radical free of amino, aliphatic hydroxyl, aliphatic thiol or other groups which interfere with cationic polymerization; and n is an integer of two or more.

Abstract: Improvement in the process for preparing biaryl compounds via coupling of an arylamine with an arene in the presence of a nitrite, an acid and copper metal or a derivative thereof; the improvement is consisting in adding to the reaction mixture a trialkylorthoformate. The process may be used for preparing drugs such as Flurbiprofen and Xenbucin or intermediate compounds particularly useful for preparing Flurbiprofen, Flufenisal, Chlordimorin, Xenbucin, Xenysalate, Xenyhexenic acid and the like.

Abstract: Olefins are produced by contacting an organic compound having at least one benzene ring with calcium metal, ethylenediamine, a low molecular weight aliphatic alcohol, and optionally a low molecular weight aliphatic primary amine, and/or an inert, abrasive particulate substance. The reduction is conducted at temperatures ranging from about -10.degree. C. to about 30.degree. C. or somewhat higher. Substantially all of the organic compounds are converted to corresponding cyclic olefins, primarily diolefins.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein ring B stands for 1,4-phenylene or a trans-1,4-disubstituted cyclohexane ring and A stands for a group with 1 to 3 six-membered rings, which together with ring B represents a central group of formulae II-XIII; R.sup.1 signifies a straight-chain alkyl group containing 1 to 9 carbon atoms or when R.sup.1 is attached to a benzene, monofluorinated benzene or pyrimidine, ring R.sup.1 also signifies a straight-chain alkoxy group with 1 to 9 carbon atoms; and R.sup.2 signifies hydrogen, cyano or a straight-chain alkyl group containing 1 to 7 carbon atoms,their manufacture, liquid crystalline mixtures which contain said compounds and their use for electro-optical purposes are described.The compounds of formula I are especially valuable as components in liquid crystal mixtures and for the most part themselves have liquid crystalline properties.

Abstract: The synthesis of aryl alkyl ethers from methylbenzyl alcohol and, optionally, phenol using a bis-(dithiobenzyl)nickel(II) catalyst is disclosed.

Abstract: The synthesis of aryl alkyl ethers from methylbenzyl alcohol and, optionally, phenol using a rhenium heptoxide catalyst is disclosed.

Abstract: A phenylcyclohexene of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is 1 or 2, X is --H, --R, --OR, --OCOR, --OCOOR, --CF.sub.3 or --F, and when n is 1, X can also be ##STR2## R is alkyl of 1-8 C atoms and when two R groups are present they can be the same or different, has valuable liquid crystalline properties.

Abstract: Liquid-crystalline compounds which exhibit a liquid crystalline phase within a broader temperature range and also have a high transparent point and yet a low viscosity, and liquid-crystalline compositions containing at least one kind of the above compounds are provided, which compounds are high temperature liquid-crystalline substances consisting of 4 or 5 six-member-rings, expressed by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R and R' each represent hydrogen atom or an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, each having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; ##STR2## and n represents 0 or 1.

Abstract: Aromatic ethers or polyethers are produced by reacting aromatic fluorine compounds, in which one or more fluorine substituents are attached to an aromatic nucleus, with trialkyl silyl derivatives of phenols, in which one or more trialkyl silyl groups are attached to the residue of a mono- or polyphenol, or by reacting trialkyl silyl derivatives of fluorophenols with elimination of trialkylfluorosilane.

Abstract: Disubstituted ethanes of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.2 is --R.sup.3, --OR.sup.3, --CO--R.sup.3, --CO--OR.sup.3 or O--CO--R.sup.3, R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 each are straight-chain alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms and n is 1 or 2,are described. Liquid crystalline mixtures comprising Compound I as well as their use in electro-optical devices also are disclosed.

Abstract: Benzene derivatives useful as a component of liquid crystal compositions are provided which are expressed by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R' represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and ##STR2## represents ##STR3## The derivatives exhibit small values of positive dielectric anisotropy; have broader liquid crystal temperature ranges; and in particular, have higher liquid crystalline-transparent points and yet have lower viscosities.

Abstract: A novel process for preparing 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid which is useful as an intermediate for pharmaceutical is provided. A method for preparing 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid comprising the steps of first reacting benzyl phenyl ether with formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride to form 4-benzyloxybenzyl chloride, second reacting the resultant 4-benzyloxybenzyl chloride with an alkali metal cyanide in at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of water and an organic solvent to form 4-benzyloxyphenylacetonitrile, and hydrolyzing the resultant 4-benzyloxyphenylacetonitrile in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Abstract: Cyclohexylphenyl derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 --O--, --CH.sub.2 --S--, --O--CH.sub.2 -- or --S--CH.sub.2 --; R.sub.1 is alkyl of up to 8 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is alkyl or alkoxy each of up to 8 carbon atoms, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or cyano; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are both hydrogen or one is hydrogen and the other is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or cyano, with the proviso that R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are both hydrogen when X is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or R.sub.2 is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or cyano, are valuable liquid crystalline compounds.

Abstract: Methylenically-substituted undecadiene compounds having the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of lower acyloxy, aryloxy having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, lower alkoxy and hydroxy, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11, R.sub.12, R.sub.13, R.sub.14, R.sub.15 and R.sub.16 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl, with the proviso that at least one of R.sub.3, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 and at least one of R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 must be hydrogen, are prepared by reacting a diene having the structural formula: ##STR2## with a conjugated diene having the structural formula: ##STR3## in the presence of a rhodium/trivalent phosphorus catalyst, with the atomic ratio of the trivalent phosphorus to the rhodium therein being at least 1.5. The compounds can be hydrogenated and saponified to form known alcohols which are precursors for biodegradable detergents.

Abstract: Cycloalkanones, cycloalkanols and unsaturated analogs thereof, each of which has at the 3-position a 2-hydroxy-4-substituted phenyl group wherein the 4-position substituent is alkyl which can have an oxygen atom as part of the chain, or aralkyl which can have an oxygen atom as part of the alkyl chain, their use for pharmacological and medicinal purposes, intermediates therefor and processes for their preparation.

Abstract: Novel dibutylorthobenzylmethoxybenzenes having the structure ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy and novel dibutylorthocinnamylmethoxybenzenes are disclosed as growth inhibitors for mosquito larvae.

Abstract: Anisotropic compounds with negative or positive DCA and .DELTA.n.ltoreq.0.2 have the formula (1) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 l are independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms respectively, or one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can represent cyclical fragment of formulae (1a) or (1b); ##STR2## the bridges Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 are identical or different and means covalent bonds or carboxyl or oxycarbonyl groups; R.sup.3 is hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, respectively; X.sup.1 and X.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, halogen, nitrile or nitro, wherein at least one of X.sup.1 and X.sup.4 is not hydrogen when R.sup.2 represents a cyclical fragment of formula (1a) or (1b) and Z.sup.2 is a carboxyl group or Z.sup.3 is an oxycarbonyl group, respectively. Liquid crystal compositions are also disclosed.