Abstract: The invention relates to manufacture of a cup (1) that is designed to serve as a blank in the production of a metal shell (2) by providing a body (3) of a bar material, placing the body (3) in a counterdie (6) in which a first end surface of the body (3), which is substantially perpendicular to the central axis (C) of the body, is placed facing towards the bottom of the counterdie while the inner wall of the counterdie (6) encloses at least a part of the body and preferably the whole body, so that the body (3) is hereby placed in the counterdie (6), applying a mandrel (9) to a second end surface of the body that is substantially perpendicular to the central axis C of the body (3), applying a pressing force to the mandrel (9) so that the body (3) is cold flow pressed through plastic deformation into a cup (1). The invention also relates to an application of a body for manufacture of a blank for a grenade/cartridge shell and a process for manufacture of a grenade/cartridge shell.

Abstract: The invention relates to an extruder tool for producing a cylindrical body which consists of plastic mass and has at least one recess extending in the interior thereof. The extruder tool comprises an extruder nozzle which has a narrowing region and a nozzle mouthpiece. The nozzle mouthpiece forms a cylindrical channel. In addition, a carrier device is provided, at which a number, which corresponds with the number of internal recesses, of threads is fastened or which has a number, which corresponds with the number of internal recesses, of channels for threadlike pressing of a volatile filler material into the mass flow. The carrier device consists of a number, which corresponds with the number of internal recesses, of carrier elements preferably of pin-like construction. Each of the carrier elements is fastened to the extruder nozzle in the region of the nozzle mouthpiece or in the tapering region and is preferably adjustable in radial direction.

Abstract: An extrusion die for manufacturing a tube with a plurality of small hollow portions arranged in a width direction of the tube, includes a female die for defining an outer periphery of the tube and a mandrel combined with the female die. The mandrel includes a body portion and a comb-shaped portion protruded from the body portion, the combe-shaped portion including a plurality of columnar portions desposed in a width direction of the comb-shaped portion at certain intervals. An outer periphery of a tip end portion of each of the plurality of columnar portion constitutes a bearing portion for defining an inner periphery of each of the plurality of small hollow portions of the tube. Each of the plurality of columnar portions has outside surfaces opposed in a thickness direction of the comb-shaped portion, and at least one of the outside surfaces has an inwardly dented portion behind the bearing portion, the inwardly dented portion constituting an extrusion material filling space.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to propose a new way of manufacturing curved metal tubes or rods with arbitrary sections and eliminating the conventional bending defects such as thinning and thickening in the wall of tube, distortion of the section, and wrinkling and folding on the surface by the extrusion bending process that can extrude and weld together one or more billets inside dies cavity, and can bend them during extrusion due to the gradient of extrusion velocities controlled by the eccentricity of the cavity sections between the entrance and the exit of the eccentric conical extrusion bending dies and conical plug, or by the relative size of the holes of multi-hole container, or by the relative moving velocity of multi-punches.

Abstract: The apparatus for operating on a workpiece includes a die defining first and second apertures and an interior therebetween. The first aperture and the interior of the die are structured to receive the workpiece. The interior of the die can be structured to shape the workpiece into a predetermined configuration. The apparatus includes at least one rotatable pin extending at least partially into the interior of the die. The pin is structured to at least partially stir the workpiece as the workpiece moves through the interior of the die to thereby refine the grain structure of the workpiece.

Abstract: A metallic nanowire having an aspect ratio of at least 100 and a diameter less than 200 nanometers composed of at least one of bismuth, indium, tin, lead, zinc, antimony and alloys of the same and a method of making the same from a thin film composite.

Abstract: A nanophase composite duct assembly and method of fabricating the same are provided that comprise an ultra-high strength nanophase aluminum alloy duct joined with a ceramic particulate reinforced metal matrix fitting, preferably using solid-state friction welding. The nanophase aluminum alloy duct is fabricated by extruding a billet formed by a process of cryogenic milling the alloy, followed by out-gassing, then hot isostatic pressing. The fitting is fabricated by combining a ceramic particulate with a metal matrix, preferably by powder processing or liquid metal infiltration. Further, the solid-state friction welding may comprise inertial welding, friction stir welding, or a combination thereof. As a result, a lightweight duct assembly is provided for high-pressure liquids such as propellants in rocket engines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an easy and cost effective process for extruding a tube having different intermediate sections in its longitudinal direction, and a die for forming a tube through this extrusion molding process. Tubes so formed may be used for a vehicle for example, particularly for the body frame of a motorcycle. The die for this extrusion molding process includes a fixed die and a movable variable die. The tube is formed by material extruded from an outflow passage which is formed by the superposition in the direction of extrusion of a fixed die hole and a variable die hole. The outflow passage has an opening for a tube wall for forming the wall of the tube, and openings for two intermediate walls for forming connecting walls in the inside space of the tube. The tube formed by this process is composed of a part having the connecting wall and a part having no connecting wall.

Abstract: An extrusion tool for an extrusion press for manufacturing seamless, eccentric pipe sections—in particular pipe sections with circular outer and inner contours—from extrusion blocks, in particular from extrusion billets. The extrusion tool contains a container with a chamber with a longitudinal axis MR which accommodates the extrusion block, an extrusion stem which is introduced into the container chamber, and features a dummy block, a mandrel arm with a longitudinal axis MD forming the inner wall of the pipe-section, and a die with an opening with a longitudinal axis MM forming the outer wall of the pipe section. The mandrel arm is arranged such that it can be pushed out of the dummy block through the extrusion block up to or into the die opening. The mandrel arm in the position for extrusion is arranged eccentric in cross-section with respect to the container chamber and the die opening and the die opening is arranged eccentric in cross-section with respect to the container chamber.

Abstract: A solid wire of precious metal, such as gold, is drawn through a die which has a groove forming element disposed in a drawing channel located between the inlet and outlet of the die. The hollow wire exiting the die has an eccentric longitudinal open groove extending axially along the wire and embraced by a pair of tapered arms or cusps. The solid portion of the hollow wire is provided with a thick wall portion that is particularly adapted for forming diamond cut facets.

Abstract: An extruded article which has at least one hollow portion and changes in cross-section along a direction of an extrusion axis is manufactured by the method. The method includes the step of advancing a punch to extrude a billet while controlling a movement of a mandrel for defining an inner periphery of the hollow portion relative to a die for defining an outer periphery of the extruded article.

Abstract: Apparatus for and method of extruding a metal pipe having a substantially uniform inner diameter. The forward and rearward end sections of the pipe are thicker than the middle section of the pipe. A heated metal billet having a cylindrical longitudinal bore is inserted into the rear opening of a cylindrical bore of a stationary container. A two-part removable inner die is located within the bore of the container adjacent the forward end of the container and an outer die is located outside of the container adjacent the front end of the container. The inner die has a relatively small diameter cylindrical bore. The outer die has a relatively large diameter cylindrical bore. The billet is moved along a central longitudinal axis within the bore of the container by a press which includes a circular forward pressing surface and a mandrel extending forwardly from the pressing surface toward the billet.

Abstract: The invention relates to an extrusion tool for an extrusion press for manufacturing seamless, eccentric pipe sections (12)—in particular pipe sections with circular outer and inner contours—from extrusion blocks (2), in particular from extrusion billets.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the continuous extrusion of rods of plastic raw material. The rods contain at least one inner channel which is at least in part spiral-shaped. The raw material may be a powder-metallurgical or ceramic mass. The material is extruded through a nozzle mouthpiece and made to rotate by an arrangement of flow guiding surfaces. At least one thread made of a flexible or elastic material is entrained and gives the rod a spiral shape with a predetermined pitch. The thread is retained upstream of the nozzle mouthpiece in an eccentric position relative to the rod axis that extends through the nozzle mouthpiece. The movement of rotation of the raw material is adjusted by an outer adjusting force which modifies the angle between the arrangement of flow guiding surfaces and the longitudinal axis of the nozzle mouthpiece to adjust the position and pitch of the spiral channel.

Abstract: Apparatus for and method of extruding a metal pipe having a uniform inner diameter, and forward and rearward end sections which are thicker than the middle section of the pipe. A metal billet having a bore is inserted into an open ended cylindrical bore of a stationary container. The billet is moved axially within the bore of the container by a press which includes a pressing surface and a mandrel extending forwardly from the pressing surface through the bore of toward the billet. The mandrel has a cylindrical large diameter rearward portion, a cylindrical small diameter middle portion and a forwardly and outwardly tapering forward portion. Metal from the billet is forced through the small diameter bore of a two part removable first die around the middle portion of the mandrel by moving the press forwardly for a first distance to form a preliminary forward end section of pipe.

Abstract: An extrusion arrangement is disclosed for manufacturing hollow-profile workpieces made of metal, including an extrusion die which is guided in an extrusion chamber and compresses material situated in the extrusion chamber. For forming an extruded hollow profile, the extrusion die presses the material through a bottom die arranged on a head-side end of the extrusion chamber, a forming of the extruded hollow profile taking place by means of internal high pressure during the emerging from the bottom die. Advantageously, a plurality of forming tools are provided which can be alternately arranged adjoining the outlet opening of the bottom die for receiving an extruded hollow profile and its forming, and, for cooling and releasing the formed extruded profile, the tools can be removed from the bottom die.

Abstract: A method for forming artistic forked pipes made of aluminum or copper alloy, including the steps of selecting of extruded material, milling for making an extruded pipe, enlarging the bore of a main pipe, and forming to form forked branch pipes. Wherein, an extruded material selected is provided with a plurality of through holes and protruding columns. The through holes are formed to have a main pipe on one end and a plurality of branch pipes on the other end thereof. The material of the protruding columns are milled to distribute on protruding portions on the main pipe, and on protruding portions on the branch pipes for making an extruded pipe. A die core with the corresponding shape of the main pipe has to be fitted in the main pipe hole of the extruded pipe to facilitate operation of exerting pressure onto the protruding portions of the main pipe to enlarge the bore of the main pipe into a desired form.

Abstract: A method is proposed for producing a metal tube (1) with one or several optical fibers (2) extending therethrough. Metal (10) applied to the surface of a frictional wheel (11) is conveyed to a retaining space (12) by applying pressure and temperature. The metal (10) subsequently exits from the retaining space (12) through the annular exit opening (16) of a forming nozzle (17) in a direction which is approximately tangential to the circumference of the wheel, and solidifies to form the metal tube (1). The optical fibers (2) are passed through a feed opening (19) disposed in the center of the forming nozzle (17), with all sides of the optical fibers spaced apart from the exit opening (16). The tube forming process is repeated to form an outer metal tube (4) on the metal tube (1) with the optical fibers (2) disposed therein.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a rod of hard metal or ceramic with at least one helical inner bore. A plasticized mass of hard metal or ceramic is simultaneously forced through a die and twisted. Either the mass is twisted uniformly over the cross-section of the billet by a spinner immersed in the mass or the spinner is rotated by the mass. The mass emerges either subject to torsion or entirely or mostly without torsion from a smooth downstream channel through the die. A filament-shaped material extends or is injected into the mass to produce the inner bore or bores.

Abstract: A die top assembly engaging with a rotating wheel (not shown) of a continuous extrusion apparatus includes a die top (22) formed with a part cylindrical face (34) coacting with the wheel cylindrical surface and is positioned in a shoe held in contact with the wheel. The die top (22), which is required to resist the very high extrusion pressure forces, is carried on a support block (30) and, at the face remote from the part cylindrical face (34), is formed with a recess (50) accommodating a die support ring (54) and spacer (52). Ports (28) registering with circumferential grooves in the rotating wheel extend from the part cylindrical face (34) to a semitoroidal channel (44) and extrudate supply chamber (46) extending around a central boss (80). A central mandrel die piece (72) is secured in position by means of a bolt (76) threaded into a blind bore (78) in the boss (80) and coacts with a cylindrical die (56) to form an extrusion orifice (86).

Abstract: A subject of the invention is the radial extrusion process combined with inside tube ironing, which is in essence a cold extrusion process and can be reckoned among bulk metal forming processes. It enables tube shaped metal semiproducts to be formed into different final shaped parts or parts that are intended for additional working, for example by machining. The process is grounded on insertion of a tube, which may be on one end previously expanded, into a proper shaped die, where on one side there is a punch which is retained with a determined force and inside which lies a free movable mandrel, while from the other side in working stroke the counter-punch extrude the difference of tube volume which results from ironing of the tube, in the direction of counter-punch travel so, that the material fills up the starting clearance between the mandrel and the tube, the space between the tube and the punch and arbitrary shaped space in the punch or in the die.

Abstract: A method of forming an internal spline shaft, comprising forming splines on an inner circumferential portion of a hollow stock by cold forging in such a way that a clearance "a" between an inner diameter of the hollow stock and an outer diameter of a tool guide portion, a difference "b" between a reduced diameter of a forming land and the inner diameter of the hollow stock, and a forming-land approach angle .theta. satisfy respectively specific relationships. By this method, products having internal long splines can be obtained in a high yield by cold forging method.

Abstract: An extruder for extrusion manufacturing one of a hard metal and a ceramic rod with at least one helical inner bore and having a smooth outer surface substantially free of elevations and depressions includes a housing and a die connected to the housing. The mechanism for forcing a plasticized mass through the die is provided wherein the mass is shaped in the form of a billet having a cross-section. A spinner is located in the housing upstream of the die for twisting the mass uniformly over the cross-section of the billet, the spinner being surrounded by an axial flow of the mass. A smooth channel is located downstream of the spinner such that the mass emerges from the channel through the die and a mechanism is provided suspending a filament in the mass wherein the filament follows a twisting movement of the twisted mass so as to form a helical inner bore therein.

Abstract: An aluminum extruding machine which includes four guide rods connected between two opposite upright blocks above the machine base, a fixed die holder, a material carrying barrel moved on the guide rods relative to the die holder to carry molten aluminum, a push member with a tubular plunger moved along the guide rods to extrude molten aluminum out of the die holder, a center rod moved by a cylinder through the material carrying barrel into the center of the die holder to define an annular cavity within the die holder for the passing of extruded molten aluminum, and a cutter assembly driven by a cylinder to cut off extruded aluminum tube.

Abstract: In producing a long extruded metal article of miscellaneous shapes, no post-working such as cutting is applied to the shaped long metal billet but extrusion of the metal billet and formation of miscellaneous shapes of the extruded article are effected both at a time for efficient production of the article. Since the metal flow of the extruded article is not cut, the extruded article has improved mechanical strength, especially fatigue-resistant strength.In extruding a long metal billet with an extruder, a die equipped with at least one hole section-varying device capable of acting due to a cylinder device or the like is employed with suitably varying the hole section profile of the die during extrusion so that a long extruded metal article of miscellaneous shapes where the section profile of at least the lengthwise direction of it varies is obtained.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the extrusion of tubing, sheets and profile shapes, wherein shearing strains in the material being extruded through a die serve to orient the microstructures of the material so that its strength properties are improved in the direction transverse to the extruding direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a extrusion die tool for producing a hard metal or ceramic rod with at least one twisted internal bore (14). The nose (3) of the nozzle (2) has a smooth cylindrical channel (4). A bearer (6) is fitted coaxially inside the nozzle (2) which has a plurality of elastic threads (9) and/or channels or bores corresponding to the desired number of internal bores for the thread-shaped pressing of a plastic material into the extruded material. The bearer (6) and the nozzle nose (3) are rotary, i.e. they rotate about their longitudinal axes. The pitch of the twisted internal bores (14) produced is thus determined by the rotation speed of the thread bearer (6) and/or the nozzle nose (3) and the rate of flow of the extruded material. Rod blanks with high-precision helical internal bores (14) can thus be produced.

Abstract: A manifold for a heat exchanger is formed by placing a blank having a siamesed pair of tubular passages supported by a first mandrel into a die cavity which receives the blank and defines at least one riser channel extending from the cavity. Each riser channel includes a core such that when a punch forces the blank into the die cavity, the blank is formed as desired and a portion of the blank is forged into the riser channel and around the core. The portion of the sidewall of the blank adjacent to the tubular risers is thickened such that the sidewall of the resulting manifold is substantially uniform after forging. After forging, the blank is removed from the die and the first mandrel is removed. The manifold is completed by inserting a second mandrel including holes in substantial alignment with the tubular risers and forcing punches into the tubular risers to remove the remaining material which separates the risers from the passages.

Abstract: A twisted wire manufacturing apparatus is provided with cradle which is suspended at a pair of rotating shafts having extreme ends opposed to each other through bearings. A main body of the wire twisting machine is mounted on the cradle. A raw material guide and a twisted wire guide are mounted in respect to a pair of rotating shafts having axial insertion holes. A raw material capstan and the twisted wire take-up machine are mounted on the cradle. The raw wire material is guided through these devices. Another twisted wire manufacturing machine has a plurality of injection dies communicating with an annular groove formed in the rotary head. An annular shoe for gradually reducing a sectional area of the annular groove is slidably fitted to the annular groove. The raw material is supplied into the annular groove and the raw wires are injected from the injection dies. One injection die of a plurality of injection dies is provided with an adjustment for increasing an injection resistance of the raw wires.

Abstract: An electrical contact for switches, relays, voltage regulator and the like, which comprises a clad body having a contact segment of a contact stock such as silver, palladium or alloy thereof and a base segment of copper or its alloy, as a carrier of the contact segment, as well as a method of making same. The contact has a central opening passing through the contact and base segments in the body and a thickness of the contact segment is made larger at a peripheral area of the opening.

Abstract: A die assembly for use in a continuous extrusion apparatus is made up of two cooperating members. The first member has tapered apertures therethrough disposed symmetrically about a mandrel portion. The mandrel portion cooperates with a throat portion in the second member to define an extrusion gap. A ceramic insert can be located in the second member to reduce wear during the extrusion of materials such as copper.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing three-dimensional curvilinear tubes. The apparatus comprises (a) a tube producing die having an axi-symmetric inner surface for passing tube material therethrough; (b) a core member having an axi-symmetrical outer surface and disposed in the die in a spaced relation to the inner surface of the die so that the tube producing material passes between a gap defined by the inner surface of the die and the outer surface of the core member; and (c) positioning devices for positioning the die in offset relation to the core member in a plane perpendicular to an axis of the die.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing extruded seamless hollow materials characterized in that, prior to extruding a hollow billet from container liner through extrusion dies, a process wherein a centering jig for holding the tip portion of mandrel at the center of extrusion is provided on the extruding side or in the extrusion dies on the extruding side of the container liner, a process wherein the tip portion of mandrel is inserted into the centering jig to be held and a process wherein the hollow billet is pressurized to fill up said billet in the container liner are included.

Abstract: The present invention is to extrude helical internal gears and helical gears by pushing materials processed to any type of blank into a die unit successively by use of a punch, i.e., by passing the materials once through the die unit. The invention is directed to a die unit comprising an outer contour restraining container into which metal material blanks each having a central bore are to be inserted, a die placed contiguously below the container, these container and die being arranged to be circumferentially rotatable relative to each other, and upper and lower mandrels disposed inside the container and the die in alignment with their axes, respectively, and interconnected for being circumferentially rotatable relative to each other, the metal materials being successively pushed into gaps between the upper mandrel and the container and between the lower mandrel and the die by means of a punch to mold helical internal gears.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a hollow tape guide for guiding magnetic recording tape. In this method, a round rod-like metal wire is sheared by shearing cutters into a blank a predetermined length, having a first end and a second end. Then, the blank is shaped and made into a blank having a shallow recess in the second end. The blank is then extruded and made into a cup-shaped blank closed at the first end by a bottom and having a predetermined length and a predetermined wall thickness. Finally, the bottom of the cup-shaped blank is punched out, thereby providing a hollow tape guide. The bottom is thick when the rod-like blank is too long, and is thin when the rod-like blank is too short, so that the cup-shaped blank may have the desired length and desired wall thickness.

Abstract: A cold extrusion process for forming internal ring gears comprising the formation of an annular ring gear blank having precise inside and outside diameters, placing the workpiece over a circular mandrel having external gear forming die teeth and a pilot portion adapted to receive the blank, placing a die ring around the mandrel and the assembled workpiece, a circular punch arranged coaxially with respect to the mandrel and the workpiece, moving the punch into the annular space occupied by the workpiece between the die ring and the mandrel, advancing the punch by means of a press whereby the workpiece is cold formed through the external teeth of the mandrel, moving the die ring in synchronism with the downward motion of the workpiece through the die teeth thereby eliminating any frictional forces in the direction of motion of the die during the extrusion process, and retracting the die ring following the extrusion of the workpiece thereby permitting automated ejection of the workpiece.

Abstract: An extrusion tool for making a drill bit blank provided with an internal rinsing bore extending helically in a longitudinal direction of the drill bit blank, includes a nozzle having an inner wall defining a throughgoing axial bore through which a malleable material is passed in a direction of extrusion parallel to the tool axis. The axial bore forms an inlet portion and a mold chamber adjoining the inlet portion downstream thereof as viewed in the direction of extrusion. There is further provided a mandrel situated in the inlet portion; a resiliently deformable wire supported by the mandrel and projecting into the mold chamber; and a helical device provided on the inner wall in the mold chamber for twisting the malleable material as it passes through the mold chamber. There is further provided a clamping device having a tightened state for immobilizing the nozzle and the mandrel with respect to one another during extrusion operation.

Abstract: A process for forging hollow elongated articles from superalloys and titanium alloys. The process employs preconditioned material which has low strength and high ductility. The process is performed in a forging press and has an initial step which converts a preform into a intermediate shape by press motion which produces radial outward workpiece flow. Press punch geometry is then changed and the operation continues with radial inward flow about a mandrel.

Abstract: An extruded drill blank which has uniform pitch of grooves or lands on the circumference thereof and flushing bores of uniform diameter. A tool and process for producing the extruded drill blank comprises heating a hard metal or ceramic material to the extrusion temperature thereof, pressing the heated metal or ceramic material through the space defined by a mandrel and a nozzle and twisting the blank helically during the extrusion, whereby the billet is guided in the direction of the extrusion by at least one land or groove extending helically and provided on the inside surface of the nozzle, and contemporaneously forming bores on the blank with at least one elastic center pin secured onto the mandrel and spaced apart by a spacing corresponding to the flushing bore; the mandrel terminating prior to the nozzle, and the center pin protruding into the nozzle interior and having a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the flushing bores.

Abstract: A cup-shaped raw workpiece having a bottom panel and a cylindrically-shaped circumferential panel is positioned facing downwardly on a movable lower punch having a forming gear profile. The lower punch is provided in a die having an orifice portion which together with the gear profile defines an orifice. A resilient mechanism resists downward movement of the lower punch. An upper punch is lowered to hold the bottom panel of the workpiece against the lower punch and pushes the workpiece to extrusion form the inner surface thereof through the orifice. An escape groove for excess metal can be provided in the bottom inside corner of the workpiece at the juncture of the circumferential panel and the bottom panel. The lower punch can be provided with an upwardly extending protrusion near the outer circumferential edge of the upper end surface thereof which has an outer chamfered circumferential edge.

Abstract: Pressurized fluid, pressurized in excess of the yield strength of a billet or rod, is communicated to the exterior of a piercing punch during piercing of the billet or rod to produce tubing, the pressurized fluid is provided to the exterior of the piercing punch during piercing to provide forced lubrication between the piercing punch and the billet or rod to reduce friction therebetween; such communication of pressurized fluid is also for causing self-centering of the piercing punch with respect to the billet or rod during piercing to produce tubing of uniform wall thickness.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing integrated manifolds for heat exchangers include providing hollow shape with a plurality of individual risers each having a substantially solid cross-section. Subsequently, the risers are reshaped by means of a reverse impact extrusion process into hollow risers. Finally, by perforating the wall of the hollow shape under the hollow risers, apertures are provided constituting inlets connecting the cavity of the hollow shape with the individual hollow risers.

Abstract: A process for extruding a metal billet, in particular a light metal billet in an extrusion container, into the form of a hollow section through a shape-giving orifice in a die having a mandrel which determines the inner contour of the hollow section, and a device with stem for extruding should be designed such that it is possible to produce flanged tubes with integral flange in one piece. This object is achieved by way of the invention in that in the extrusion of the hollow section an integral flange is produced, preferably at the end of the extrusion stroke. In the extrusion press suitable for this purpose a shaping recess is provided, with respect to the extrusion direction, immediately before the orifice of the die, the radial dimension of which is greater than the width of the die orifice. As such it should be possible to separate the die radial to the extrusion direction into at least two parts.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for initiating extrusion of elongated hollow product, more particularly cylindrical tubular product, by increasing the space between the end of a mandrel and an opposed extrusion die during extrusion start-up and thereafter gradually decreasing the space to the desired width for extrusion of the product to enhance extrusion initiation.

Abstract: Extrusion apparatus wherein a hollow cylindrical workpiece is advanced over the outer surface of a mandrel and through an extrusion die by motive force applied to the outer surface of the workpiece by an advancing drive member having an inner surface in operative engagement with the outer surface of the workpiece to produce a hollow cylindrical product of reduced diameter, and wherein a first moving force is required to produce relative movement between the mandrel and the workpiece and wherein a second moving force is required to produce relative movement between the drive member and the workpiece, the improvement wherein various structure are provided for reducing the first moving force relative to the second moving force to enhance the extrusion process and thereby increase its efficiency.

Abstract: Methods of and apparatus for controlling the gap between a mandrel and an extrusion die during extrusion wherein upon the actual gap between the mandrel and die during extrusion being detected as being larger than a predetermined gap, relative movement between the mandrel and die is produced to close the actual gap and establish the predetermined gap, and upon the actual gap between the mandrel and die during extrusion being detected as being smaller than the predetermined gap, relative movement between the mandrel and die is produced to open the actual gap and establish the predetermined gap.

Abstract: A process of consolidating and compacting unconsolidated particulate materials such as powders with or without short fibers to a density of about one hundred percent by carrying out the process in a can or tube which is moving through a convergent die having an angle of convergence of less than 90.degree..

Abstract: High-strength aluminum alloys and other hot-short-sensitive alloys can be extruded at rapid rates through a cooled, double reduction die (3) without hot-short cracking or scoring caused by die pickup. A primary reduction die (4) has a long, cooled primary land (5) and is followed by a secondary reduction die (6). A metal billet (15) may be extruded through the primary die (4) at about the solidus temperature of its lowest melting phase, then cooled as it passes through the primary die land (5) to reduce or maintain the temperature below the solidus temperature and, finally, the primary extrusion is reduced in cross section in the secondary die (6) by about 2-50%. The temperature, the back pressure caused by the second reduction, and the low friction through the primary land (5) contribute to eliminate hot-short cracks and minimize serious pickup scoring at surprising rates of at least about 18 meters per minute (60 ft/min) for 2024 aluminum rod.

Abstract: A method of making a male resistance welding electrode includes a forward extrusion step in which the shank portion of the electrode is partially formed by extruding a cut-off billet of dispersion strengthened copper over a pin in a first die. Subsequently, the preform billet produced in the first die is inserted into a second die which defines a tapered shank cavity region around a central pin and a larger cavity region from which the head portion of the electrode is ultimately formed. The shank portion of the electrode is formed and the head portion worked substantially by the application of pressure to the preform billet by a first forming member. Final forming occurs when a second forming member applies pressure to the head of the electrode while the electrode remains in the second die.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for controlling the movement of a reciprocatory hydraulically driven element of a metal forming machine between extended and retracted positions. Two piston members, having different sized working areas are slidably mounted in two reservoirs which are in communication with one another at a location other than their respective inlets. The system provides fast and slow movement of the element utilizing a single source of pressurized hydraulic fluid.