Abstract: A gage having sensors for observing temperature and pressure. The gage includes a display and an internal computer. A data cartridge separate from the gage but with an electrical plug type connection to it is supplied. The data cartridge has a non-volatile memory on which is stored data relating pressure and saturation temperature of a volatile refrigerant. A program is stored within the gage. The program contains instructions for measuring temperature and pressure from a source, retrieving from the data cartridge saturated temperature data corresponding to the observed pressure, calculating superheat or subcooling and displaying in sequence the observed pressure in absolute or gage terms, the corresponding saturated temperature, the observed temperature and the superheat or subcooling.

Abstract: A pressure sensor into which the internal pressure of a fuel tank is introduced through a nipple portion and the atmospheric pressure is introduced through an atmosphere introducing hole, and a pressure difference between the internal pressure and the atmospheric pressure is detected by a diaphragm, comprises a check valve provided in the nipple portion to prevent fuel from leaking out to the atmospheric side. A pressure buffer chamber in the nipple portion of the pressure sensor is provided in which a ball is installed. A bottom face of the pressure buffer chamber is formed to be concave, and a receiving seat for receiving the ball is provided on the bottom face. Therefore, no fuel leaks outside, even when the vehicle comes across an accident and overturns sideways under the condition that the diaphragm used as a sensor element is fractured in the measurement of internal pressure of the fuel tank.

Abstract: An apparatus for multiple channel perfused gastrointestinal manometry particularly useful for animals and small children which avoids errors in pressure measurement due to air bubbles, particularly micro- bubbles in the channels. Achieved by the use of a carbon dioxide flush of the apparatus to displace the air bubbles in the manifold and manometry lines. The carbon dioxide is subsequently dissolved in the subsequent flow of manometric infusate.

Abstract: A membrane-enclosed sensor (1) of the type having a membrane (11) for exposure to a fluid external phase of analytical interest at an interface between the fluid external phase or sample, and said membrane; the sensor comprises a coiled, e.g. spiraloid, channel (15) at the interface; the channel has an inlet end (16) as well as an outlet end (18) for passing the external phase in contact with the membrane along said coiled channel which, preferably has a length which is at least about 5 times greater than the largest cross dimension of the membrane.

Abstract: A pressure differential indicating apparatus having a wall duct with first and second ends, first and second flange like mounting plates respectively disposed around and attached to the first and second ends, and a low speed airflow indicator mounted at one of the ends on a side of the mounting plate opposite that to which the wall duct is mounted. The low speed airflow indicator is adapted to indicate a specified pressure differential or range of pressure differential across a wall. The wall duct is preferably an adjustable length wall duct having two sections, a first section attached to the first mounting plate and a second section attached to the second mounting plate, wherein one of the two sections is constructed so as to be slidingly disposed in and in sealing engagement with the other of the two sections. The airflow indicator may be mounted within an extension of a clear plastic form of the duct second section.

Abstract: Particularly for the combination of cold-cathode ionization sensors and Pirani sensors, for obtaining a one-to-one measuring range which is significantly expanded compared to the measuring ranges of the respective sensor types, a weighting technique is provided in a transition range .DELTA.P of the respective sensor measuring ranges by which the characteristic sensor curves can constantly be guided into one another in a one-to-one manner.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing frame-mounted membranes, a first membrane layer is formed on a substrate and openings are formed in this membrane layer which are then covered by a second membrane layer, a frame structure is formed on the membrane layers around the openings and the membrane layers with the frame structure are separated from the substrate to provide the frame-mounted membranes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing TiO.sub.2 by reacting O.sub.2 and TICl.sub.4 in a reactor tube wherein pressure fluctuations in the flow of fluids through the reactor tube are sensed and output signals are generated proportional to the sensed pressure fluctuations. The flow of at least one of the TiCl.sub.4 or O.sub.2 is then varied through the reactor tube in response to predetermined pressure fluctuations so as to increase the efficiency of the reaction between TiCl.sub.4 and the O.sub.2. The efficiency of the reaction between O.sub.2 and TiCl.sub.4 in the reactor tube is achieved by a control apparatus operably connected to the reactor assembly which is capable of monitoring pressure fluctuations in TCl.sub.4 and O.sub.2 through the reactor assembly so that the flow of at least one of the TiCl.sub.4 or O.sub.2 can be varied in response to predetermined pressure fluctuations. The control apparatus includes a sensor assembly, a signal conditioning unit and a signal processing unit.

Abstract: A compact pressure differential/pressure detector is a process detection apparatus for measuring a pressure, a level, a pressure differential of a process fluid. The detector is constructed of a pressure sensing block having sensors for sensing a pressure and a pressure differential, a signal processing block for processing signals from the pressure sensing block, and a terminal board block for receiving power supply from outside and transmitting signals to outside. These blocks are arranged along the same axis. Furthermore, an indicator indicating a process state is also arranged along the same axis and received in a covering case. The case is firmly attached to the pressure sensing block. The process detection apparatus permits a compact design and offers an excellent maintainability.

Abstract: An elastomeric bag having opposite ends, a first opening at one of the bag ends and adapted to be connected to a resuscitator assembly, a second opening at the other of the bag ends, and a one-way flap valve at the second opening. The bag when compressed manually causes air to flow out through the first opening to the resuscitator assembly; and the bag, when allowed to expand, causes air to flow into the bag via the second opening past the one-way flap valve. A hollow plunger is slidably mounted within a cylinder bore, and a compressor spring biases the plunger. A post is located in the cylinder to seat one end of the spring, so that the spring urges the plunger toward the bag. An air vent is located in the cylinder and toward which the plunger is movable when the bag is compressed; and an air pressure release hole in the cylinder releases excess air pressure in the cylinder to the exterior, only after the plunger has been moved by air pressure to compress the spring to predetermined extent.

Abstract: A coupling device for a pressure gauge includes an upper positioning plate connected spacedly to a lower positioning plate, a sector gear disposed between the lower and upper positioning plates and mounted rotatably thereto, an adjustment plate mounted adjustably on a top side of the sector gear, a push rod with a first end adapted to be in force-transmitting relationship with an actuating unit of a pressure gauge and a second end connected to the adjustment plate, a pinion meshing with the sector gear and to be mounted with an indicator needle of the pressure gauge thereon, a support plate mounted on a bottom side of the lower positioning plate for supporting distal bottom ends of axles of the sector gear and the pinion thereon, and a spiral spring for biasing the pinion to rotate the indicator needle to a starting position.

Abstract: A refrigeration gauge face is modified by the use of two dimensional (2-D) lenticular animation display containing two different scale images. The two different scale images together provide separate temperature scales for each of the most commonly used of the older ozone depleting refrigerants and the newer non-depleting refrigerants. As the gauge is moved to either of two separate viewing angles, a different temperature scale image is visible at each angle. The images viewable at the two separate viewing angles provide additional space to accommodate scales for the most common older and newer refrigerants. A luminous background can be incorporated behind the temperature scale images for low light viewing.

Abstract: This invention relates to a heat measurement apparatus for inspecting therapeutic energy waves, e.g. shock waves or ultrasonic waves. The heat measurement apparatus for inspecting focal position and pressure of therapeutic energy waves comprises a heat sensing sheet which changes visually or electrically according to the heat, and a marker for setting the focal position, mounted on the heat sensing sheet.

Abstract: By providing a captured roller construction as the movement assembly for a sensing element, a low cost, accurate, measuring instrument is achieved. In the present invention, the movement of the sensing element causes the movement assembly to produce rotational motion in direct response thereto. As a result, any change in the level of the source condition being monitored is immediately indicated on a visual readout, due to the responsive rotational motion of the movement assembly. By employing captured rollers as the principal means for attaining rotational motion, an easily constructed, dependable, low cost movement assembly and measuring instrument construction is realized.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for measuring the pressure of an oxygen-containing gas on an aerodynamic surface, by oxygen-quenching of luminescence of molecular sensors is disclosed. Objects are coated with luminescent films containing a first sensor and at least one of two additional sensors, each of the sensors having luminescences that have different dependencies on temperature and oxygen pressure. Methods and compositions are also provided for improving pressure measurements (qualitative or quantitive) on surfaces coated with a film having one or more types of sensor.

Abstract: A champagne pressure gauge provides a small tube attached to the inside surface of a bidule inserted into a champagne bottle, such that as the pressure from fermentation increases, liquid is forced up the tube. The liquid level in the tube can be observed through the neck of the bottle, giving a non-intrusive, non-destructive measurement of pressure in the bottle.

Abstract: An improved fluid system and method of monitoring fluid volume in a supply cylinder is provided. A pressure regulator is disposed immediately downstream from a shutoff valve associated with the supply cylinder. A meter or gage is then positioned downstream of the regulator to monitor outlet or downstream pressure. The fluid volume in the supply cylinder upstream of the regulator is then determined by means of a modified gage. A data processor and pressure transducer may also be associated with the system to monitor other parameters or provide further information related to system performance.

Abstract: A molding system including a mold and a molding machine has been adapted to monitor the position of mold element surfaces that move relative to each other to form a mold cavity. The system includes a source of gas under pressure and orifice-forming sensors on a first mold element to direct a flow of pressurized gas from the first mold element. A monitoring system monitors the condition of the gas remote from the first mold element to indicate the spacing between the first mold element and one or more adjacent mold elements as the mold elements move with respect to each other.

Abstract: A device for continuously monitoring the difference in pressure of fluid in two closed spaces and separated by a dividing wall comprises an open-ended tubular housing which is secured to a rigid tube passing through and rotatably mounted in a horizontal passage in the wall with their axes inclined at an angle to one another. By rotably adjusting the housing with respect to the wall, the housing can be arranged to lie at a desired angle to the horizontal. The housing has a length three times its internal diameter and is transparent in end parts and opaque in a central part, each part being equal to a third of the total length of the housing. Two balls, each of a diameter slightly less than the internal diameter of the housing, are retained and free to roll within the housing, the ball remote from the wall being green and the other red.

Abstract: An air terminal flow detection scheme in an air distribution system effective for developing static pressure indications of the plenum of the air terminal from change in the flow through the air terminal over the period of time of the change.

Abstract: A transporter for a rotor of a gas friction vacuum pressure meter comprises a housing accommodating the rotor; an ambient surrounding the metallic rotor within the housing during transport and being non-reactive with the rotor; and an arrangement for protecting the metallic rotor within the housing from physical and mechanical damage during transport.

Abstract: A positive gauge blood pressure signal is transmitted to a gas column from a pulsatile blood flow stream hydrostatically higher than the pressure transducer. Particularly, a first conduit having a predetermined internal diameter smaller than a second conduit is connected at one end to the blood flow stream. The first conduit extends to a turnaround below the pressure transducer and is connected to the second conduit. The opposite end of the second conduit connects with the pressure transducer. The small internal diameter of the first conduit maintains the meniscus of the blood intact notwithstanding the pulsatile blood stream.

Abstract: A quad disk static pressure probe apparatus (10) including: a hollow stem member (15) having a plurality of static pressure ports (16) disposed on its periphery; an apertured collar unit (14) surrounding the stem member (15) and being in open fluid communication with the static pressure ports (16); and, inner (21) and outer (18) pairs of disk members operatively secured to the stem member (15) above and below the location of the static pressure ports (16).

Abstract: A shear gage for measuring the pressure reached in a firearm cartridge loed within the barrel when a high caliber gun is fired. The design of the shear gage involves the shearing of a uniformly distributed loaded circular plate at its circumferential support in the event that a predetermined maximum critical shear pressure is exceeded. Stresses due to bending and shear were analyzed to select the proper hole diameter to thickness ratio to ensure that the disc or plate fails due to a shearing failure and not a bending failure. A series of varying sized circumferential supports may also be positioned within the chamber to provide a range of critical failure pressures to more precisely estimate the actual pressure that occurs within the chamber or cartridge.

Abstract: Apparatus for sensing hydrostatic pressure in a fluid, forming a head for a bubble tube for immersion into the fluid. The head is formed of a plate having a flat lower surface for horizontal disposition within a liquid, a first orifice for introducing a gas under pressure from above the plate whereby the gas can form a bubble under the plate within the liquid. The effect of the plate is as a surface on which a stable sessile bubble of a variable size can be grown. This results in a bubble having a substantially increased radius of curvature at its interface, that is, the gas/liquid interface, on the underside of the bubble than previously obtainable. A pressure gauge measuring the gas pressure in the tube determines the pressure at the end of the tube within the fluid.

Abstract: A pressure sensing device for a body movable in a fluid in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the body. A chamber is provided within the body and a plurality of bores extend radially from the chamber to outer ends opening to ambient fluid so that, as the body moves, any pressure differential between the outer end and inner end causes fluid flow in the bore. Each bore is a flow restricting device such as a valve or fluidic diode, and operable to restrict outward flow from the inner end to the outward end more than inward flow thus causing the pressure in the chamber to be higher than the average pressure at the outer ends. A fluid pressure measuring device is provided in the chamber.

Abstract: A device for indicating a physical quantity such as depth in water by means of a pointer moving around a numbered face, using a C-MOS type computer for sampling the physical quantity at regular intervals and calculating the increment between the preceding value and the last value of the physical quantity. A pulse motor drives the pointer as many steps as are required for reaching the position at which the pointer indicates the last value of the physical quantity. The use of a sampling system and a pulse motor renders the device small enough so that it can be incorporated in a wrist watch.

Abstract: A gas pressure transducer has a voltage stabilizer for supplying a piezoelectric crystal in a gas with an AC constant-voltage signal corresponding to an applied AC signal and having a constant peak amplitude. An alternating output current from the piezoelectric crystal is converted by a current-to-voltage converter into an AC voltage, which is shifted in phase by a phase shifter so that the impedance of the piezoelectric crystal is minimal or nearly minimal under the resonant condition. The shifted AC voltage is then applied to the voltage stabilizer. The piezoelectric crystal, the voltage stabilizer, the current-to-voltage converter, and the phase shifter jointly constitute a self-excited oscillation loop. Since the amplitude of the AC voltage from the current-to-voltage converter is uniquely dependent on the pressure of the gas, the gas pressure can be known from a DC voltage produced by rectifying the AC voltage.

Abstract: A movement detection system for use in measuring movements of a rotating body or shaft which is magnetized along an axis which is angularly displaced from the mechanical axis of rotation thereof. The system has a plurality of inductive coils which are connected to produce signals proportional to the movements of the body or shaft while suppressing spurious noise signals.

Abstract: Apparatus for monitoring and regulating intracranial pressure. Primary components are a manometer tube connected to a fluid collector, a transducer for dynamic electronic monitoring, and an automatic regulator. These components are interconnected by tubing and three main stopcocks which permit multiple procedures to be performed. A fourth stopcock, syringe and appropriate connections permit the system to be connected to a dedicated source of sterile liquid.

Abstract: A method of determining the pressure applied to a limb by an inflatable garment by placing a flexible pressurizable cuff between the garment and the limb to receive the compressive garment forces and then determining the pressure in the cuff due to those compressive forces alone. The cuff pressure component due to compression of the garment is determined by extrapolating from a plot of cuff pressure versus bias pressure. The bias pressure is required to obtain an accurate reading of cuff pressure and is eliminated as a component in determining the garment pressure by means of the extrapolation. A preferred transducer for converting cuff pressure to electrical signals employs a manometer tube extending between two plates of a capacitor.

Abstract: A rotary measuring body for a gas-friction vacuum meter has its surface formed with a macroscopic roughness which provides a gas-friction coefficient minimally affected by the microscopic roughness of the surface. As a result, the output signal and sensitivity of the vacuum meter is high and is less susceptible to change as a result of surface corrosion.

Abstract: A static pressure probe capable of measuring the static pressure of an airstream in which particle contamination and/or ice formation at the airflow receiving orifice of the probe is minimized by method and apparatus presenting a stagnant air pocket directly adjacent and downstream of the orifice.

Abstract: A well tool for developing measurements of pressure or temperature in a well bore comprising an elongated well tool which utilizes a coherent beam of light which is applied to the ends of separate fiber optics and the other ends of the fiber optics are detected to produce an electrical signal in response to differences between the outputs of the fiber optics to the detector. For measuring pressure, one fiber optic may be coiled in a temperature insulated chamber and sense a discrete sample from the earth formations while the other fiber optic is coiled in a temperature insulated reference pressure chamber. In another embodiment both fiber optics are subjected to pressure samples from longitudinally spaced locations of the earth formations. In still another embodiment, the fiber optics are subjected to the temperature in the bore hole at longitudinally spaced locations for obtaining a temperature gradient measurement.

Abstract: A photoluminescent indicator apparatus having automatic feedback means to maintain the sensitivity of the indicator apparatus with respect to variations in environmental conditions. The apparatus includes a sample of photoluminescent material having a photoluminescent decay rate which varies as a function of environmental conditions. The sample is positioned in a remote location having some unknown aspect of the environment desired to be measured. The sample is optically excited with a modulating signal to generate an excitation output signal functionally dependent on the modulating signal and indicative of the unknown environmental condition. A phase detection means is provided for comparing difference in phase between a phase reference signal and the excitation output signal to generate a phase differential signal functionally related to the photoluminescent decay rate of the sample.

Abstract: An elongated thin flat hard-plastic plate has a face sized to overlie and seal the rug nozzle of an energized inverted upright vacuum sweeper for testing and demonstrating the suction strength of the sweeper. The sheet is desirably provided (1) with depending marginal flanges to prevent its lateral sliding-off the nozzle, and (2) with upstanding ribs on its upper surface to rigidify the sheet and to form a block-shaped centrally located handle grip.

Abstract: A device for measuring pore water pressure in soils employs a pore pressure sound (2) as a sensing member and a closed measuring system (5,6) for creating the least possible disturbance in soils having a low degree of permeability, such as clay. The closed liquid-filled measuring system comprises a hypodermic needle type (20) of connection between the pore pressure sound and a measuring device (3), said needle being operative to penetrate a member of resilient material to extend into a liquid-filled chamber in said pore pressure sound and transfer a reading of the pore water pressure to said measuring device.

Abstract: A pressure ratio detector having a housing with a flow channel through the housing. A plug, having helical grooves, is positioned in the flow channel. A sudden expansion region is provided in the flow channel downstream of the plug which induces a nutation in the flow. The acoustic nutational frequencies are measured with a piezoelectric transducer to provide an output signal proportional to the pressure ratio across the device. An orifice device is provided in the inlet to adapt the device for measuring pressure ratios greater than 2.0.

Abstract: A water pressure gauge for agricultural use comprises no moving parts. A translucent tube has one end provided with a hollow prong or probe that penetrates flexible water conduit. The tube is open at the end opposite the probe and has an outlet opening located near the probe end. With the guage vertically oriented, water reaches a level in the tube dependent upon water pressure. By careful calibration of the outlet relative to an interior baffle, a reasonably satisfactory water pressure gauge is available for irrigation purposes.

Abstract: A tool for diagnosing a gastroesophageal reflux condition whereby the pressure at selected locations along the gastroesophageal tract in a body may be measured without disturbing the relative position of the device after the same is positioned in the body each time a new location of the tract is selected for measuring the internal pressure thereat in which the tool comprises a flexible, hollow sleeve and a tubular member arranged for sliding longitudinal movement therein with an opening in the tubular member cooperating with a selected one of a plurality of spaced apertures on the sleeve to provide a pressure measurement at the selected aperture. Fixed tubes are additionally provided on the sleeve for monitoring the pressure at predetermined locations in the body.

Abstract: A single pressure sensor is caused to provide a pressure measurement at two separate pressure regions through the use of a differential pressure switch whose switch over point occurs when the two regions are at a fixed pressure differential or offset. The sensor is connected to sense a first region with a sensor output signal being compared to a signal related to the count in a counter. Upon switch over the counter is actuated to make a signal equal to the sensor output signal. The counter signal, compensated for the offset, is related to the pressure at the second region.