Abstract: A liquid distributor for use in substance and/or heat exchanging tower for effecting uniform liquid distribution. The liquid distributor distributes and supplies a liquid to be treated from an upper part of the inside of the tower to the whole area of the tower through distributing tubes. The distributing tubes are provided along the lateral axis of the tower, and the tubes have at least one nozzle hole provided on the upper side thereof. A sheet-like material is fixed on the surface of the distributing tube at a position lower than the nozzle hole in such a manner that the sheet-like material contacts the surface of the distributing tube, extends in the axial direction of the distributing tube and is spaced apart from the distributing tube at the lower end of the sheet-like material. The sheet-like material has zigzag notches formed on the lower end thereof.

Abstract: A memory assembly, comprises a wiring board having wiring patterns, the wiring patterns having a plurality of electrodes, each of the wiring patterns having a connecting terminal formed on a single main surface of the wiring board, a memory device mounted to the wiring board and having a plurality of electrodes connected to the electrodes of the wiring patterns, and an electrical insulator mounted to the main surface of the wiring board and having a shape to expose the connecting terminal to the atmosphere. The insulator insulates the wiring patterns, the electrodes of the wiring patterns and the connecting terminal from possible electrical charges on a surface of the memory assembly to protect the memory device from being electrically charged and discharged. Even if the exterior surface of the memory assembly is charged with possible static electricity, the interior of the memory assembly is protected from being electrically charged and discharged.

Abstract: Copolymers of aryl phosphonic acids can be made in a bulk polymerization process with unsaturated monomeric hydrocarbons. Preferred are alpha-phenyl vinyl phosphonic acid and styrene. Bulk polymerization process avoids suspending agents, emulsifying agents or water. Absence of halogen avoids environmental problems. A free radical initiator is required.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for efficiently producing hydrogen cyanide at a reaction temperature of preferably 250.degree. to 550.degree. C. by a catalytic dehydrative reaction of formamide which comprises employing as a catalyst, a manganese oxide (MnO) and/or a magnesium oxide (MgO) each modified with an alkali metal (Na, K, Rb, Cs, etc. ). The above process is capable of producing hydrogen cyanide at an enhanced conversion efficiency of formamide and at a high selectivity while minimizing the by-production of ammonia. The use of the catalyst comprising as a principal component, MnO modified with an alkali metal is particularly effective in prolonging its service life and enables a long-term stable operation.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, such as a copier, includes an unapproved copy preventor mechanism. The image forming apparatus includes a support such as a platen glass for supporting an original document; a light irradiation source for irradiating the original document with a light beam; and a detectors for detecting predetermined wavelength components of a reflected light from the original document which is irradiated with the irradiating light beam. The detector generates detection signals based on the detection of the predetermined wavelength components of the reflected light. An evaluator circuit determines whether the original document is a document which prohibits a production of an unapproved copy based on the detection signals.

Abstract: A polarizer and an analyzer are respectively arranged on the incident and exit sides of a twisted nematic liquid crystal cell, and at least one biaxial retardation plate is arranged between the polarizer and the analyzer. The biaxial retardation plate is arranged such that its phase delay axis is parallel or perpendicular to the aligning treatment direction of an aligning film on the incident side of the liquid crystal cell. The polarizer is arranged such that its light-transmitting axis is parallel or perpendicular to the incident-side aligning treatment direction. The light-transmitting axis of the analyzer is set to be perpendicular to the light-transmitting axis of the polarizer. A liquid crystal material sealed in the twisted nematic liquid crystal cell is twisted at about 90.degree.. The biaxial retardation plate has a refractive index n.sub.X in an extending direction of the retardation plate, a refractive index n.sub.Y in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction, and a refractive index n.

Abstract: A thermosetting powdery coating composition which comprises, in admixture: (A) from 40 to 98 parts by weight of a fluorine-containing copolymer, which is a copolymer of a fluoroolefin and a comonomer having a crosslinkable reactive group, e.g., hydroxy, carboxyl, amino and glycidyl groups, containing at least 10% by weight of fluorine and having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.05-2 dl/g (30.degree. C., tetrahydrofuran), a glass transition temperature of 30.degree.-120.degree. C. and a weight loss by heating which does not exceed 2% and (B) from 60 to 2 parts by weight of a curing agent capable of forming crosslinks by reacting with the crosslinkable reactive groups in (A), except for the composition wherein (A) is a hydroxyl group and a weight loss by heating which does not exceed 2% and (B) is a blocked isocyanate compound.

Abstract: A waveguide type optical component, as an optical coupler/splitter, is provided, which is capable of reducing the dependence of the efficiency of optical coupling between optical waveguides on wavelength and of permitting reduction in size. The optical component has a first optical coupling section (A) including optical waveguides (A1, A2) sharing the same propagation constant, a second optical coupling section (B) including optical waveguides (B1, B2) having different propagation constants, and a third optical coupling section (A') including optical waveguides (A'1, A'2) sharing the same propagation constant. Associated ones of the optical waveguides (A1, B1, A'1; A2, B2, A'2) are connected in series with each other.

Abstract: An electronic timepiece includes the function of indicating the current time and a plurality of other different functions. Data provided by at least one of the plurality of other different functions is displayed by the turning of a pointer with a pointer display control unit within a predetermined range of angles. Data provided by at least one of the other functions is displayed on an electro-optical display. While data provided by the at least one of the other functions is being displayed on the electro-optical display, a function designating control unit moves the pointer to a predetermined position outside the predetermined range of angles to indicate the at least one of the function.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a control circuit for obtaining a transmission text formed of one of a single character and a series of characters, the last of which is one of specified control characters and a character of error check data, and a radio communication unit connected to the control circuit, for storing each character of the transmission text supplied from the control circuit and transmitting the transmission text stored therein. Particularly, the control circuit is arranged to add a dummy character after the character of error check data as a new last character except in the case where the character of error check data has a value identical to the code of the dummy character. The radio communication unit is arranged to transmit the transmission text upon detecting the code of any one of the dummy and specified control characters in the transmission text.

Abstract: An injection current controller 113 is provided to supply a given injection current. A semiconductor laser (LD) 112 receives the injection current from the injection current controller to output a laser beam. An etalon 114 discriminates the wavelength of the laser beam output from the semiconductor laser. A photodetector (PD) 116 is provided to detect the intensity of the output beam from the etalon. An LD temperature controller 117 performs temperature control of LD so as to bring the output of PD to a predetermined value and, when the output of PD becomes the predetermined value, reserves a corresponding temperature of LD and, at the next temperature control start time, initiates temperature control based on a finally reserved temperature of LD.

Abstract: Data input from a key switch is displayed on a liquid crystal display, and whether to store the data in a RAM or an EEPROM is selected by a selection switch. If the EEPROM is selected, a CPU turns on a power switch to apply a high voltage to the EEPROM to write the input data therein. Data stored in the RAM and the EEPROM are read out upon operation of a search switch and are sequentially displayed on the liquid crystal display. It is clearly indicated on the display whether the currently displayed data is read out from the RAM or the EEPROM. With this operation, if data which is required to be protected against disconnection of a power supply voltage or a drop in power supply voltage is stored in the RAM, the data can be stored in the EEPROM.

Abstract: A slip producing apparatus and method for producing a slip having a variable number of word names and respectively corresponding word data, wherein a plurality of slip types and a variable arbitrary number of word names corresponding to each slip type are stored in advance in a word name storage device; an input device is provided for inputting data designating the slip type and for sequentially inputting word data respectively corresponding to the variable number of word names of the designated slip type; and the inputted word data is stored in a word data storage device.

Abstract: In a folding apparatus that follows web-fed rotary printing presses, folded or unfolded sheets (9) are folded after the printed web has been severed. The folded or unfolded sheets (9) are delivered in parallel from a transport apparatus with a gripper chain or with storage cassettes and are folded simultaneously in folding units (8).

Abstract: An ellipsometer has a nonpolarization beam splitter (18) for dividing reflected light (17) from an object to be measured (16) into portions traveling along first and second optical paths (18a, 18b), an analyzer (19) for passing the polarized light component in a reference direction of the reflected light portion traveling along the first optical path, and a polarization beam splitter (20) for dividing the reflected light portion traveling along the second optical path into two polarized light components in different directions with respect to the reference direction. The light beams passing through the analyzer (19) and polarization beam splitter (20) are sensed by first, second and third photodetectors (21a, 21b, 21c), respectively. In a coating thickness control method, first and second ellipsometers (35a, 35b) are placed before and after a coating apparatus (36) provided along the transport path of a belt-like plate to be coated (31). A first ellipsoparameter (.DELTA.1,.psi.

Abstract: A tubular device is slid over a delivery nozzle hose. A hose connects the tubular device to a gas meter. As fluid is expelled from the nozzle into the atmosphere, atmospheric air is sucked into the gas meter so that its volume can be measured for comparison with the volume of the expelled fluid.

Abstract: Document data stored in a document storage area are extracted line by line to analyze the structure of the document data. The document layout information is extracted from the analysis result. The extracted layout information is stored, as learning data, in a document layout information learning area. In format conversion, the document data to be output, which is extracted in the same manner as described above, is converted on the basis of the learning data. Document data having a consistent layout is output to a CRT or a printer in accordance with the converted layout information.