Abstract: In a thin film transistor including an oxide semiconductor, an oxide cluster having higher electrical conductance than the oxide semiconductor layer is formed between the oxide semiconductor layer and a gate insulating layer, whereby field effect mobility of the thin film transistor can be increased and increase of off current can be suppressed.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device which can perform data communication through wireless communication, to suppress transmission and the like of an AC signal, the semiconductor device includes an input circuit to which a radio signal is input, a first circuit, which generates a constant voltage, such as a constant voltage circuit or a limiter circuit, a second circuit to which the generated constant voltage is input and which can change impedance of the semiconductor device, and a filter provided between the first circuit and the second circuit. Transmission of an AC signal is suppressed by the filter, and malfunctions or operation defects such as complete inoperative due to variation in the constant voltage is prevented.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a liquid crystal display device and an electronic device of which aperture ratio increases. The present invention includes a substrate having an insulating surface, a transistor formed over the substrate, a pixel electrode electrically connected to the transistor. The transistor includes a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer over the gate electrode, a semiconductor layer having a microcrystalline structure over the gate insulating layer, and a buffer layer over the semiconductor layer having the microcrystalline structure. The channel width W of the transistor and the channel length L of the transistor satisfy a relation of 0.1?W/L?1.7.

Abstract: An inkjet recording method is disclosed, in which the method includes: recording an image, on a recording medium, using two or more ink compositions each comprising at least a pigment, by applying the two or more ink compositions to an acidic surface of the recording medium at a dotting interval of 500 msec or less; wherein the recording includes forming at least a first color sub-image by applying at least one of the two or more ink compositions and the at least one of the two or more ink compositions includes a self-dispersing polymer having an acid value of from 70 to 120 mgKOH/g and a water-soluble organic solvent.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for securing stand-alone microdevices or parts of larger processing devices are arranged for prevention of tampering, unauthorized use, and unauthorized extraction of information from an information containing region of the secured microdevice.

Abstract: It is an object to provide an oxide semiconductor which is suitable for use in a semiconductor device. Alternatively, it is another object to provide a semiconductor device using the oxide semiconductor. Provided is a semiconductor device including an In—Ga—Zn—O based oxide semiconductor layer in a channel formation region of a transistor. In the semiconductor device, the In—Ga—Zn—O based oxide semiconductor layer has a structure in which crystal grains represented by InGaO3(ZnO)m (m=1) are included in an amorphous structure represented by InGaO3(ZnO)m (m>0).

Abstract: In fabricating a thin film transistor, an active layer comprising a silicon semiconductor is formed on a substrate having an insulating surface. Hydrogen is introduced into The active layer. A thin film comprising SiOxNy is formed to cover the active layer and then a gate insulating film comprising a silicon oxide film formed on the thin film comprising SiOxNy. Also, a thin film comprising SiOxNy is formed under the active layer. The active layer includes a metal element at a concentration of 1×1015 to 1×1019 cm?3 and hydrogen at a concentration of 2×1019 to 5×1021 cm?3.

Abstract: A method of encoding video data using soft decision quantization makes use of iterative encoding to provide the ability to optimize encoding across different functional elements in a hybrid video encoder. Iterative encoding is used to allow quantization step size, motion prediction and quantization levels to be optimized despite their interrelated nature.

Abstract: Red blood cell-derived vesicles (RDV) as a nanoparticle drug delivery system. The RDV are smaller than one micrometer, capable of encapsulating and delivering an exogenous substance into cells. The substance may be at least one selected from the group consisting of fluorophores, nucleic acids, superparamagnetic compounds and therapeutic agents. The RDV are capable of delivering encapsulated substances into cells including stem cells. The delivered substance within the cell or stem cell may be traced or tracked using a suitable device either in vitro or in vivo.

Abstract: The present invention provides a treatment liquid including: at least one acidic compound selected from an organic acidic compound or an inorganic acidic compound; and at least one compound selected from a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound or an organic mercapto compound; wherein the treatment liquid has a pH of from 0.5 to 2.0 at 25° C. and the ability to aggregate particles dispersed in an ink composition including at least one colorant and particles of at least one polymer.

Abstract: To improve a charge retention characteristic of a nonvolatile memory transistor. A first insulating film, a charge trapping film, and a second insulating film are formed between a semiconductor substrate and a conductive film. The charge trapping film is formed of a silicon nitride film including an upper region having a low concentration of hydrogen and a lower region having a high concentration of hydrogen. Such a silicon nitride film is formed in such a manner that a silicon nitride film including 15 atomic % or more hydrogen is formed by a chemical vapor deposition method and an upper portion of the silicon nitride film is nitrided. The nitridation treatment is performed by nitriding the silicon nitride film by nitrogen radicals produced in plasma of a nitrogen gas.

Abstract: An aqueous ink composition for inkjet recording, including: a coloring material containing at least one selected from the group consisting of azo pigments represented by the following formula (1) and tautomers thereof, and salts and hydrates thereof; a dispersant; and a urethane-modified polyester resin wherein Z represents a divalent group derived from a 5- to 8-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycle; Y1, Y2, R11 and R12 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent; G1 and G2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group; and W1 and W2 each independently represent an alkoxy group, an amino group, an alkyl group or an aryl group.

Abstract: A dog leash that is capable of serving a multitude of purposes. The dog leash is made of resilient material, allowing it to stretch, which decreases the stress on both the user and the dog. The leash can be configured to lead one dog or two dogs at the same time. The leash can be used as a hands free lead, worn around the user's waist or shoulder. When worn around the waist, it allows 360 degrees of movement by the dog. The lead is also capable of being used as a seat restraint in a motor vehicle or as a tether. The leash is readily adjustable, suited for all size dogs, and can be especially useful for service dogs.

Abstract: An ear cleaning device that creates a negative pressure within the patient's ear to draw fluid thereinto and provide cleansing thereof so as to substantially reduce the risk of damage to the tympanic membrane. The ear cleaning device includes a first container and a second container mechanically operably coupled together and in general axial alignment. Additionally, an ear chamber is included that is operably intermediate the first container and the second container. The ear chamber further includes a membrane to create a hermetic seal around a patient's ear. The first container is configured to receive a store a desired cleaning fluid. Operably coupled to the second container is a pressure reducing device. The ear cleaning device utilizes a hermetic seal between the second container, ear chamber and first container to transport the fluid from the first container into the ear chamber wherein the fluid is introduced in the ear canal of the patient and is subsequently collected within the second container.

Abstract: A pressure regulator having a conduit with a plurality of adjustable valves inserted reversibly into the conduit. The valves are aligned along the axis of water flow. The interior of the conduit is divided into an inlet chamber and outlet chamber by a septum. The valves are inserted into the inlet chamber, and valve seats protrude through holes in the septum into the outlet chamber, thereby sealing the inlet chamber from the outlet chamber. Fluid flows into the conduit, into the inlet chamber, through the open valve, into the outlet chamber, and then flows out of the conduit. The valves regulate fluid pressure in the outlet chamber. The degree of pressure regulation can be adjusted for each valve by turning pressure adjustment knobs on the top of the valves to produce precise regulation of pressure and fluid flow. A conduit plug can replace a valve in the conduit.

Abstract: A measurement object holder that holds a measurement object in an optical measurement instrument, wherein the optical measurement instrument takes, as the measurement object, a living body in which isotropic scattering of light occurs inside and receives light emitted from the measurement object is disclosed. The measurement object holder includes a block that is formed in a predetermined outer shape by a material having optical properties in which the isotropic scattering of light occurs inside; and a cavity portion that is formed inside the block, that has an inner shape following the outer shape of the measurement object and in which the measurement object is accommodated.

Abstract: A method and a device for providing a tactile sensation are provided. The device includes a plurality of actuators. The plurality of actuators includes first and second actuators. The first actuator is adapted to provide a first tactile sensation, and the second actuator is adapted to provide a second tactile sensation.

Abstract: Reproduction is performed so that the user can grasp the details of content information on long sentence reading the reproduction of which has been suspended. If an vehicle-mounted device (10) receives content information with higher priority of the reproduction than that of the content information on the long sentence reading during the reproduction of the content information on the long sentence reading received from a center apparatus by a reproduction section (step S4; Y), the vehicle-mounted device (10) allows the control of a control unit to suspend the reproduction of the content information on the long sentence reading (step S7) and to start the reproduction of the content information with higher priority (step S8). If the reproduction ends, the vehicle-mounted device (10) allows the reproduction means to resume the suspended reproduction of the content information on the long sentence reading (step S12).