Abstract: Difluorobenzene is prepared by a multistep process involving fluorination of dichlorobenzoyl chloride to provide difluorobenzoyl fluoride, conversion thereof to difluorobenzoyl chloride, hydrogenation of this to difluorobenzaldehyde and decarbonylation of the aldehyde to difluorobenzene.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions comprising 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane and methanol are stable and have utility as degreasing agents and as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning and defluxing of printed circuit boards.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions comprising 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane and ethanol are stable and have utility as degreasing agents and as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning and defluxing of printed circuit boards.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions comprising dichlorotrifluoroethane, methanol, cyclopentane and nitromethane are stable and have utility as degreasing agents and as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning and defluxing of printed circuit boards.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions comprising dichlorotrifluoroethane, methanol and nitromethane are stable and have utility as degreasing agents and as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning and defluxing of printed circuit boards.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions comprising 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, methanol and nitromethane are stable and have utility as degreasing agents and as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning and defluxing of printed circuit boards.

Abstract: Novel cationic, water-soluble carboxylate polymers are provided, which have a high degree of esterification. A process for making the polymers is provided by which selected quaternary salts of epoxy alkyl amine compounds are used for high conversion to ester groups, which salts have a low degradation reactivity toward the epoxy group of the esterification compound. Such a quaternary salt is glycidyl trimethyl ammonium nitrate. Processes are provided for making such quaternary salts and for use of the novel polymers for separation of water from solids, such as water from sludges.

Abstract: Homogeneous thermoset copolymers which may be used in the preparation of laminates for circuitry boards will comprise a poly(vinyl benzyl ether) of a polyphenol and a polyalkadiene in which the alkadiene monomer will contain from 3 to about 8 carbon atoms. The polymers are prepared by admixing a solution of the poly(vinyl benzyl ether) of a polyphenol dissolved in an organic solvent with a solution of the polyalkadiene also dissolved in an organic solvent. The admixing is done at an elevated temperature to form the desired composite. The resulting copolymer will possess desirable characteristics such as high glass transition temperature and low dielectric constant.

Abstract: The preparation of carbon fluoride and carbon fluoride chloride from a graphite intercalate is described. Treatment of group V-A pentahalide intercalates of graphite with fluorine or fluorine/chlorine gas mixtures at a temperature of about 300.degree. C. results in the production of highly fluorinated CF.sub.x ; X.gtoreq.1 or (C.sub.y F.sub.x Cl.sub.z).sub.n ;x.gtoreq.1.0, y=1.In the process, carbon fluoride or carbon fluoride chloride can be prepared from a highly ordered graphitic carbon at a temperature substantially lower than that of the decomposition temperature of the product, CF.sub.x or (C.sub.y F.sub.x Cl.sub.z).sub.n. In particular, carbon fluoride or carbon fluoride chloride is prepared from a group V-A pentahalogen intercalate and fluorine gas or fluorine/chlorine gas mixtures at temperatures in the order of 250.degree.-300.degree. C.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions comprising of trichlorotrifluoroethane, acetone, nitromethane and hexane are stable and have utility as degreasing agents and as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications.

Abstract: Voltage suppression is an important problem in the Li/CF.sub.x battery system. The voltage that a Li/CF.sub.x battery will deliver just after the circuit has been closed can be as low as the voltage near the end of battery life. Electronic circuitry powered by Li/CF.sub.x batteries are complicated by the need to design around this problem.The processing of fluorinated carbon (CF.sub.x) to lower the initial voltage suppression is disclosed wherein fluorinated carbon is treated with a Group IA metal-alkyl or -aryl compound. The reaction between these compounds (e.g., n-butyl lithium) and the fluorinated carbon produces a battery grade product which undergoes reduced to almost no suppression of the initial closed circuit voltage.

Abstract: Homogeneous thermosetting copolymers comprising a mixture of styrene-terminated tetrakisphenols and compounds containing at least one pendant vinyl group as exemplified by styrene-terminated tetrakisphenol ethane and styrene-terminated bisphenol A will possess desirable characteristics such as low dielectric constants and high glass transition temperatures. These polymers may be utilized as a component in laminates or circuit boards which are employed in relatively complicated pieces of electronic equipment.

Abstract: Substituted pyridine compounds particularly alkyl-substituted pyridines, are directly fluorinated to the corresponding 2-fluoro alkyl-substituted pyridines. Fluorine gas, preferably diluted with an inert gas, is passed into the substituted pyridine, preferably in a solvent, at a temperature of +25.degree. C. to -40.degree. C., preferably about -25.degree. C.

Abstract: Novel water-soluble, cationic acrylamide polymers characterized by having a weighted standard deviation of the charge distribution, as calculated from measurements of the disappearance ratio of the comonomers, of less than about 0.6 are prepared by acidifying an acrylamide monomer with a weak acid and polymerizing said monomer with a monomer having quaternary amine groups. The polymers are useful as flocculation aids and for a variety of other water treatment applications.

Abstract: Sulfuric acid contaminated with boron and fluoride values such as the waste acid of a boron trifluoride process is purified by contacting the contaminated acid with an inert gas to desorb boron trifluoride, and the inert gas is stripped by contacting with an absorbing liquid including concentrated sulfuric acid. Hydrogen fluoride and/or fluorosulfuric acid are added to contaminated sulfuric acid as agents to spring non-volatile boron value. In addition, the water content of the contaminated acid is adjusted within a narrow concentration range, to improve the efficiency of both the stripping and the absorption operations. The absorption of boron trifluoride into the absorbing sulfuric acid is improved when it contains boric acid. Preferably the contaminated sulfuric acid to be purified is one portion of the waste liquid and the absorbing liquid is another portion of the waste liquid of a boron trifluoride manufacturing process.

Abstract: Homogeneous thermoset terpolymers which may be used in the preparation of laminates for circuitry boards will comprise a diepoxide of a polyether of a polyphenol, a dicyanate ester of a polyether of a polyphenol and an alkenyl aryl compound. The polymers are prepared by admixing a solution of the diepoxide of a polyether of a polyphenol and an alkenyl aryl compound with a second solution of the dicyanate ester of a polyether of a polyphenol and the alkenyl aryl compound at elevated temperatures. The resulting terpolymer will possess desirable characteristics such as high glass transition temperature and low dielectric constant.

Abstract: High temperature thermosetting resin compositions which may be used as a polymer matrix for a printed circuit board will comprise a terpolymer of an ethylenically monosubstituted unsaturated monomer in which said substituent is an aromatic moiety such as styrene, an ethylenically alpha,beta-disubstituted unsaturated monomer in which each substituent is an aromatic or benzylic moiety such as acenaphthylene and a glycidyl ester of a monoethylenically unsaturated acid such as glycidyl methacrylate cross-linked with a copolymer of an anhydride of a dibasic olefinic acid such as maleic anhydride and an ethylenically monosubstituted unsaturated monomer in which said substituent is an aromatic moiety such as styrene.

Abstract: Homogeneous thermoset terpolymers which may be used in the preparation of laminates for circuitry boards will comprise a poly(vinyl benzyl ether) of a polyphenol, a dicyanate ester of a polyether of a polyphenol and an alkenyl aryl compound. The polymers are prepared by admixing a solution of the poly(vinyl benzyl ether) of a polyphenol and an alkenyl aryl compound with a second solution of the dicyanate ester of a polyether of a polyphenol and the alkenyl aryl compound at elevated temperatures. The resulting terpolymer will possess desirable characteristics such as high glass transition temperature and low dielectric constant.

Abstract: Novel cationic polymers are provided by reaction of high molecular weight polymers and copolymers of acrylamide with an alkyl epoxide compound such as glycidyldialkylamine or glycidyltrialkylammonium salt to form polymer chain units containing e.g. pendant (N-2-hydroxypropyl) dialkylamine groups or their trialkylammonium salts. Processes for making the graft copolymers are provided in which the reaction is carried out while maintaining the reaction mixture in gel form by swelling the starting solid polymer with a solvent mixture.The reaction may be carried out in a homogeneous reaction environment or in a heterogeneous reaction environment by dispersing the starting solid polymer in an inert liquid that is a non-solvent for both the polymer and the salt. The polymeric products of the reaction may be hardened with a suitable liquid, such as isopropanol, to a solid particulate material.

Abstract: The application of carbon fluoride chloride in dry lubricant compositions is disclosed. The material offers a substantial improvement in lubricating properties over prior art carbon fluoride dry lubricants.The improved lubricant is comprised of carbon fluoride chloride of the general formula (C.sub.y F.sub.x Cl.sub.z).sub.n wherein y is 1 or 2, x is greater than 0 to 1.2, z is 0.1 and n defines an infinitely large two dimensional array of repeating units occurring in this molecule of high molecular weight. The resulting lubricant has improved lubricating properties over graphite, MoS.sub.2 and carbon monofluoride.