Abstract: A method is described for configuring a general symbol to represent a specific symbol indicated by a user. The specific symbols are part of a library. A general symbol for which optimized implementations have been determined and stored is configured to implement the specific function specified by a user. Implementations provided for the general symbol include special functions which provide both high speed and small chip area.

Abstract: A configurable logic block (CLB) in the dual port mode uses one address to write the same information in a first RAM and a second RAM. The input signals provided to the second function generator can be used to read, independently from and even asynchronously with, the write operation, thereby dramatically increasing the speed of applications using the two sets of RAM. A CLB in the synchronous mode latches the appropriate address and data signals, and generates a strobed write enable signal. The strobed signal is self-timed, i.e. the write operation is fully automatic, thereby ensuring that a write operation occurs within one clock cycle.

Abstract: A multiplexer for a programmable logic device (PLD) includes a control line decode circuit that substantially reduces the number of control lines necessary to program a multiplexer. Each multiplexer input line is programmably connected to at least three output lines to increase the number of routing options. A TTL buffer circuit located at the output of the multiplexer provides the user with various output signal options, whereas a word line driver coupled to the TTL buffer circuit increases signal drive. Local feedback signals are provided to the multiplexer to increase PLD functionality. Signals from the I/O pads are routed directly to the multiplexer rather than the UIM, thereby improving PLD speed. Moreover, using the multiplexer minimizes the number of input lines because the UIM is still available for routing connections. Therefore, the present invention provides both fast cycle time and fast multiple level logic.

Abstract: A macrocell for flexibly routing product terms from an AND array to output terminals of a programmable logic device. The macrocell allows a variable number of product terms to be retained by the macrocell, and a variable number of product terms to be exported to a second macrocell. The direction in which the product terms are exported can be controlled. The macrocell further allows a variable number of product terms to be received from a third macrocell and routed either to the output terminal of the first macrocell or to the second macrocell in combination with those product terms exported from the first macrocell. Methods for routing product terms using macrocells within a programmable logic device are also provided.

Abstract: A wordline driver for a wordline in an integrated programmable logic device (PLD) having flash memory cells. The wordline driver includes an input terminal that accepts a binary wordline input signal, a pass gate coupled to the input terminal and to a mode-control terminal, and an inverter that receives an input from the pass gate or the mode-control terminal, depending on the operating mode of the PLD. The output signal from the inverter is coupled to a multiplexer that selects between that output and a signal from a voltage supply, the signal selected depending on the operating mode of the PLD. The multiplexer outputs the selected signal to the wordline of the PLD.

Abstract: The present invention provides a configurable sense amplifier for a programmable logic device (PLD) that can be turned on or off as needed. Specifically, a latch stores an enable or disable state which respectively connects or disconnects the sense amplifier to a voltage source Vcc. In this manner, the sense amplifier remains on or off until the latch is reset. In one embodiment of the present invention, a reset circuit provides a predetermined value to the latch and a pass transistor to prevent floating during a power-on operation.

Abstract: A sense amplifier is provided that automatically determines its enabled/disabled state. The sense amplifier includes a latch to store the enable/disable signals. A global power-on-reset signal during initialization sets the state of this latch to a default configuration which disables, i.e. powers down, the sense amplifier. During configuration, an active latch enable signal forces the sense amplifier into an enable ready state. Then, a high signal is provided to each wordline associated with the bitline of the sense amplifier. This causes any erased memory cell driven by the wordlines to pull the associated bitline into a bitline low state and causes the sense amplifier output signal to switch states. This switch causes the latch to be overwritten with the opposite state, thereby enabling the sense amplifier. When the latch enable signal goes inactive after configuration of the device, the latch is set such that the sense amplifier remains enabled, i.e. powered up.

Abstract: A programmable logic device (PLD) performs a self-test erase check operation on memory elements to verify if the PLD is completely erased. The output signals of the sense amplifiers associated with the PLD bitlines drive a plurality of NMOS devices. The NMOS devices share a common source (node), thereby providing in effect an n-input NOR gate, where n is the number of bitlines in the array. The memory cells associated with an entire wordline of the PLD memory array are simultaneously checked for an erased state by bringing the wordline under test high while keeping all other wordlines low. If all of the memory cells on a wordline are erased, every sense amplifier output is low, all of the NMOS devices are off, and the output signal of the NOR gate is high due to a weak pull-up on the common node, thereby indicating that the whole column is properly erased.

Abstract: The more highly integrated programmable circuits include several kinds of resources for implementing the user's logic diagram. The resources provided in the chip hardware are intended to implement functions commonly specified by a user. In order for a complex chip to efficiently implement a complex design, the features called for in the design must be matched with the resources offered in the chip hardware. The present invention evaluates a user's logic diagram in comparison to resources available on a particular chip and matches a plurality of features in the design to resources in the chip which can efficiently implement those features.

Abstract: A reconfigurable sense amplifier in accordance with the present invention operates in either a high switching speed mode, where power consumption is a less critical consideration, or in a low power consumption mode, where switching speed is a less critical consideration. In a high speed mode, the present invention provides an additional pull-up to an amplified bitline which in combination with an existing weak pull-up still permits the signal on the amplified bitline to be affected by a change in voltage on the bitline. In a low power mode, the present invention provides a temporary pull-up on the amplified bitline if a signal on a wordline is transitioning from high to low (i.e. indicating that a low-to-high signal transition may occur on the bitline). In this manner, the present invention anticipates that when such a transition occurs, the voltage on the amplified bitline may also increase.

Abstract: An erasable programmable logic device (EPLD) includes function blocks connected by a universal interconnect matrix (UIM). The UIM includes both a cross-point circuit and a multiplexer-based (MUX-based) circuit. The cross-point circuit includes intersecting first and second conductors programmably connected by memory cells having control gates connected to the first conductors, drains connected to the second conductors, and sources connected to ground. The MUX-based circuit includes third and fourth conductors programmably connected by pass-gates having first terminals connected to the third conductors, second terminals connected to the fourth conductors, and gates connected to memory cells. The UIM further includes multiple-input multiplexers having first input lines connected to the cross-point circuit, second input lines connected to the MUX-based circuit, and output lines connected to the input lines of the function blocks.

Abstract: A sense amplifier of the present invention provides power savings of between 30% to 70% for typical usage of a programmable logic device. In one embodiment, this sense amplifier includes circuitry for detecting and propagating the logic state on a bit line, an amplifier for amplifying the propagated logic state, and configuration logic for receiving a first configuration bit and a second configuration bit. If the first configuration bit and the second configuration bit have different logic states (indicating a non-toggling state), then the sense amplifier mimics the bit line at either a first logic state or a second logic state. Specifically, if the first configuration bit has the first logic state and the second configuration bit has the second logic state, then the sense amplifier mimics the bit line at the first logic state.

Abstract: The present invention provides a memory cell which includes a pair of flash EEPROM cells. One flash EEPROM cell is programmed and the other flash EEPROM cell is simultaneously erased by a single programming pulse. Because the configuration memory cell includes flash EEPROM cells, and therefore is non-volatile, a power down does not require reprogramming or refreshing of the configuration bit stored in the memory cell.

Abstract: Programmable logic devices which include multiple blocks of combinatorial function generators and storage elements, and which are interconnected by a programmable interconnect structure are used, among other things for performing arithmetic functions which use logic for generating the carry function. When a large number of bits is to be processed, the carry function typically causes significant delay or requires significant additional components to achieve a result at high speed. The present invention provides dedicated hardware within the logic blocks for performing the carry function quickly and with a minimum number of components. The invention takes advantage of the fact that a carry signal to be added to two bits can be propagated to the next more significant bit when the two binary bits to be added are unequal, and that one of the bits can serve as the carry signal when the bits are equal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a programmable logic circuit including a first set of lines coupled to a logic module, a second set of lines, and a plurality of transistors. Each transistor in the array has a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to one of the first set of lines and the second terminal is coupled to one of the second set of lines. In accordance with the present invention, an antifuse is coupled between the third terminal of the transistor and a voltage source. By selectively programming antifuses in the array and selectively turning on transistors, complex user functions with a large number of inputs are implemented in one pass.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sense circuit including a first bit line, a second bit line, a first plurality of memory cells coupled to the first bit line, a second plurality of memory cells coupled to the second bit line, and selection circuitry coupled to the first bit line and the second bit line. The selection circuitry provides a wide AND gate function in one mode and provides a zero power circuit for generating a function of a single input in another mode.

Abstract: An antifuse is provided which includes a first conductive layer, an antifuse layer formed on the first conductive layer, and a second conductive layer formed on the antifuse layer. A portion of the antifuse layer forms a substantially orthogonal angle with the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. This "corner" formation of the antifuse enhances the electric field at this location during programming, thereby providing a predictable location for the filament, i.e. the conductive path between the first and second conductive layers. This antifuse provides other advantages including: a relatively low programming voltage, good step coverage for the antifuse layer and the upper conductive layer, a low, stable resistance value, and minimal shearing effects on the filament.

Abstract: The logic cell of the current invention is useful in a field programmable logic device, particularly a device in which an interconnect structure is interconnected by antifuses, and logic cells are programmed using pass transistors. All input leads of the logic cell can be selectively inverted. The output signal from one logic cell can be cascaded as input to the adjacent cell for efficiently computing wide functions. An optional feedback path allows the cell to be optionally used for sequential functions without the delay caused by a feedback path through field programmed connections. Configuration units can serve the multiple purposes of selectively applying programming voltages to the interconnect structure, shifting in configuration information for configuring the interconnect structure, and capturing and shifting out states of the interconnect lines. A novel output buffer allows 3-state control from multiple sources.

Abstract: A set of module generators produce optimized implementations of particular circuit logic arithmetic functions for Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or other digital circuits. The module generators allow a circuit designer to spend more time actually designing and less time determining device-specific implementation details. The module generators accept a high level block diagram schematic of the circuit and automatically perform the detailed circuit design, including propagation of data types (precision and type) through the circuit, and low level circuit design optimization using a library of arithmetic and logic functions. The module generators are particularly useful for designs using field programmable gate arrays because of their unique architectures and ability to implement complex functions.

Abstract: For antifuse programmable integrated circuit devices, in particular FPGA devices, the invention allows for alternative routing around antifuses which fail to program. The chip architecture includes wiring segments and antifuses which together allow for alternative routes around every antifuse in the event of failure of that antifuse. The method includes programming the device under control of a computer which can recalculate routes in the event of an antifuse which fails to program. Preferably the initial routing distributes unused wiring segments through the chip to be available for routing around a failed antifuse. When a failure occurs, the method includes determining an alternative route around every failed antifuse. The alternative route may be established directly after the antifuse has failed or after all initially selected antifuses have been programmed.