Abstract: Light-colored alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides corresponding to formula (I)R.sup.1 O--?G!.sub.p (I)which R.sup.1 is an alkyl and/or alkenyl radical containing 4 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a sugar unit containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms and p is a number of 1 to 10, can be produced by a process in which sugars are subjected to acid-catalyzed acetalization with a large excess of primary alcohols, the reaction mixture is neutralized in the presence of reducing agents and is then bleached in known manner. At the same time, the quality of the excess fatty alcohol to be separated off is considerably improved.

Abstract: A water-containing detergent or cleaning composition comprisingA) at least one alkyl polyglycosides corresponding to the formula R.sup.1 --O--(Z).sub.x (I), where R.sup.1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms, Z is a sugar unit, and x is an integer of 1 to 10; andB) at least one fatty acid alkyl ester alkoxylate of the formula R.sup.2 CO.sub.2 --(AO).sub.y --R.sup.3 (II), where R.sup.2 is a branched or linear, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group containing 5 to 21 carbon atoms, AO is a C.sub.2-4 alkylene oxide unit, y is a number of 1 to 30 and R.sup.3 is a linear or branched alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and methods for using the above composition.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for forming a hydrotrope which effectively reduces the likelihood of phase separation in a liquid cleaning composition and simultaneously enhancing its cleaning properties by combining an alkyl polyglycoside having the formula IR.sub.7 O(Z).sub.a (I)wherein R.sub.7 is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; Z is saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6 and an amphoteric surfactant, in a percent actives ratio of about 1:1.The amphoteric surfactants to be used are preferably selected from the group consisting of N-alkyl beta-alanines, amino betaines, amido betaines, imidazoline betaines, amino oxides, as well as mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Water-based stamping lubricants are comprised of: (1) water; (2) a polyester that is water-soluble or readily emulsifiable made by reacting one or more dicarboxylic acids and a polyalkylene glycol; (3) one or more ethoxylated alkylalcohols; (4) the salt of a phosphate ester of an ethoxylated alkyl alcohol; (5) an alkanolamine.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel polyglycerine polyricinoleates as emulsifiers obtained by the esterification of polyricinoleic acid with a natural condensation rate of from 2 to 10 with a polyglycerine mixture comprising 5-35 wt. % glycerine, 15-40 wt. % diglycerines, 10-30 wt. % triglycerines, 8-20 wt. % tetraglycerines, and 3-10 wt. % pentaglycerines, and the remainder being oligoglycerines. The materials have improved emulsifying capacity.

Abstract: A fluid which comprises an olefin-terminated polyester an unmodified polyester and a polymerized .alpha.-olefin is provided which facilitates the separation of blood into light and heavy phases via centrifugation in a blood collection vessel. The fluid is useful as a component of a partitioning composition formulated to have appropriate specific gravity to be positioned intermediate the light and heavy blood phases during centrifugation. A partitioning composition including a fluid of the invention provides a particular advantage in blood collection vessels used in therapeutic drug monitoring, due to the relatively low affinity between the fluid component of the composition and commonly monitored classes of drugs.

Abstract: Latexes are thickened by compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an aliphatic, substituted aliphatic, aromatic, or substituted aromatic radical having a valence of from 2 to 8; each of B.sub.1 -B.sub.8 is independently an ester, amide, amine, ether, sulfide, disulfide, thiocarbamate, urea, thiourea, urethane, sulfate, phosphate, carbonyl, methylene, thioamide, carbonate, or imide linkage; each of X.sup.1 -X.sup.8 is independently -A.sub.1 -R.sup.2 -A.sub.2 - or -A.sub.1 - wherein each of A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 is independently an ester, amide, amine, ether, sulfide, disulfide, urethane, thiocarbamate, urea, thiourea, sulfate, phosphate, carbonyl, methylene, thioamide, carbonate, or imide linkage and R.sup.2 is a divalent aliphatic, substituted aliphatic, aromatic, or substituted aromatic radical with the proviso that only one of B.sub.1 -B.sub.8 is urethane and that when one of B.sub.1 -B.sub.8 is urethane, one of A.sub.1 and A.sub.

Abstract: The efficiency by which pulp cooking liquor components penetrate the wood and enable lignin and resins to be removed from the cellulosic materials is increased by contacting wood chips and the like with a liquid mixture comprised of white liquor containing at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of a polymethylalkylsiloxane; a co- and terpolymer of silicone and a polyhydric alcohol; an alkoxylated aryl phosphate; an alkoxylated branched alkyl phosphate; an alkoxylated branched alcohol; an alkyl polyglycoside, an alkoxylated alkyl polyglycoside; a mixture of alkali metal salts of alkyl aromatic sulfate, a sulfosuccinate and a silicone; and combinations thereof; for a residence time effective to extract resinous components without substantial degradation of cellulose and thereafter heating at least a portion of the resulting mixture and wood chips.

Abstract: A mutant fungal strain, namely G. candidum NRRL Y-552, mutant known as Henkel 9-2-3-9 produces a lipase called "UNLipase" providing a selectivity of 25:1 for oleic acid over palmitic acid by the assay procedure employed. UNLipase has a temperature range of operation of between 0 and 40 degrees Celsius (and no activity over 55 degrees Celsius). The optimum pH ranges are between 7.5 and 8.5. Magnesium cations increase activity, whereas calcium cations are inhibitory. The molecular weight of the protein appears to be 65 kDa by size exclusion chromatography. UNLipase shows a high degree of selectivity for hydrolysis, esterification and transesterification.

Abstract: A process for the remediation of soil containing volatile organic compounds which comprises the steps of: (1) forming an emulsifier comprising: (a) from about 70 to about 99% by weight of a sugar surfactant selected from the group consisting of an alkyl polyglycoside, a glucamide, and mixtures thereof; and (b) from about 1 to about 30% by weight of a nonionic surfactant, other than said sugar surfactant which, when combined with said sugar surfactant, provides a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of from about 8.0 to about 13.0; (2) mixing said emulsifier with said unwanted contaminants to form a stable emulsion; and (3) removing said stable emulsion from said soil.

Abstract: A method of preparing a self-dispersing epoxy resin composition is provided. The method comprises reacting a polyepoxide with a polyoxyalkylene polyol wherein the equivalent ratio of epoxide groups of said polyepoxide to hydroxyl groups of said polyoxyalkylene polyol is greater than 10:1, to form an polyol-epoxy adduct and reacting said polyol-epoxy adduct with a polyepoxide and a polyhydric alcohol to form a self-dispersing epoxy resin. Also provided are aqueous dispersions of the self-dispersing epoxy resin and coating compositions comprising the same. The coating compositions are particularly useful as industrial maintenance coatings.

Abstract: Solid esterquats with improved dispersibility in water are obtained by quaternizing fatty acid triethanolamine esters with alkylating agents in known manner in the presence ofa) dispersants selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohols, fatty acid monoglycerides and dialkyl ethers and optionallyb) emulsifiers selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid monoglyceride polyglycol ethers, fatty acid oligoglyceride polyglycol ethers, polysorbates and alkyl oligoglucosides.The products are suitable, for example, for the production of hair-care preparations.

Abstract: A composition and process for coloring keratin-containing fibers wherein the composition comprises: (a) an alkyl glycoside of the formula (I):R.sup.1 --O--(G).sub.x --H (I)wherein R.sup.1 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having from 12 to 16 carbon atoms, (G) is an anhydroglucose unit, and x is a number from about 1 to about 2.5; (b) an oxidation dye precursor; and (c) a water-based carrier.

Abstract: A process for the production of multiple w/o/w emulsions in whicha) a mixture of an oil and a lipophilic emulsifier I comprising glycerol and/or oligoglycerol or polyglycerol fatty acid esters is initially processed with intensive shearing to form a w/o pre-emulsion A, andb) the w/o pre-emulsion A is then further treated with an aqueous emulsifier II comprising adducts of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols and/or sterols and, optionally, fatty alcohols, wherein the treatment is accompanied by gentle shearing;and to the resulting multiple w/o/w emulsions and their use in the preparation of cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: New toilet soaps contain: (a1) 4 to 7% by weight alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides and/or (a2) 2 to 7% by weight fatty acid N-allcylpolyhydroxyalkylamide; (b) 45 to 95% by weight soap and (c) 0 to 10% by weight anionic surfactants selected from the group of alkyl sulphates, isethionates, taurides, sarcosinates, mono- and dialkylsulfosuccinates, ether carboxylic acids, sulphotriglycerides and alkyloligoglucoside sulphates. These new soaps are characterized among others by an improved creaminess, a high foaming power, remarkable cosmetic compatibility with the skin and mechanical firmness.

Abstract: Aliphatic alcohols with up to 30 and especially with 6 to 18 carbon atoms are separated from a mixture of alkyl glycosides and alcohols which are unreacted during the production of these glycosides, by single or multi-stage distillation. The alcohols are distilled off by a drop film evaporator to impoverish the reaction mixture to residual alcohol contents of 5 wt % and under. The strip load of the drop film evaporator is set to at least 1.0 m.sup.3 /h m, especially at least 1.8 m.sup.3 /h m and preferably at least 3.0 m.sup.3 /h m. It is possible to reduce the alcohol content of the product to any value between 0.1 and 5 wt % at acceptable overall cost.

Abstract: The invention is an integrated process for making fatty acid lower alkyl ester from oilseeds or other natural oil-containing plant materials. The process comprises removing oil from the oilseeds and recovering it, to produce a reside comprising complex polymeric carbohydrates; saccharifying the deoiled oilseeds comprising complex polymeric carbohydrates to form saccharides; fermenting the saccharides to form ethanol or other lower alkyl alcohols; recovering the alcohol; and then transesterifying the recovered oil with the recovered alcohol to thereby produce glycerine and fatty acid lower alkyl esters.

Abstract: A bar soap comprising:A) from about 70 to about 85% by weight of at least one fatty acid salt,B) from about 0.5 to about 10% by weight of at least one fatty acid,C) from about 1 to about 10% by weight of at least one alkyl ether sulfate, andD) from about 0.1 to about 1% by weight of at least one of an alkyl oligoglycoside and an alkenyl oligoglycoside.

Abstract: Starting from a mixture containing tocopherol, fats and/or fat derivatives, more particularly fatty acids, and optionally sterol and/or sterol derivatives, the free fatty acids present in the mixture are esterified with an alcohol and fatty glycerides are transesterified with an alcohol in the presence of a zinc oxide and/or zinc hydroxide catalyst. After the esterifications, the excess lower alcohol is distilled off from the reaction mixture. The transesterification catalyst and the glycerol present, if any, are removed and the fatty acid alkyl ester is distilled off from the mixture. Distillation of fatty acid alkyl esters can be accomplished with a packed column in sequence with a wiped film evaporator. The simultaneous recovery of tocopherol and sterol is possible. Tocopherols and sterols can be separated by the crystallization of sterols from a blend of organic solvents.

Abstract: Liquid crystalline aqueous surfactant compositions containing alkyl glycosides, long-chain alcohols, and, optionally, anionic surfactants; and to finished products containing them.