Abstract: Highly concentrated mixtures of surfactants are obtained by a method which comprises adding the acid form of a neutralizable surfactant to an aqueous composition comprised of a base and an alkyl polyglycoside.

Abstract: Process for the highly stereoselective production of trans-3,3 5-trimethylcyclohexyl ethyl ether which comprises contacting 3,3,5-trimethycyclohexenyl ethyl ether with hydrogen in the presence of an effective amount of a palladium catalyst at from about 20.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A pearlizing agent for such products as shampoos and hand soaps contains a glycol distearate, an alkyl polyglycoside, a betaine of the formula II ##STR1## wherein R.sup.5 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having from 7 to 21 carbon atoms and R.sup.6 is alkylene group having from 2 or 3 carbon atoms; each of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is independently an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a glycol, and water.

Abstract: The glycerol water (sweet water) accumulating in the high-pressure hydrolysis of natural fats and oils with steam into fatty acid and glycerol is continuously purified. Fats larger than 100 .mu.m in diameter are separated from the aqueous phase in a plate-type phase separator and are returned to the high-pressure hydrolysis process. The aqueous phase thus prepurified is passed through a cross-flow filtration membrane, more particularly a microfiltration membrane, and the concentrate is returned to the entrance of the plate-phase separator. Large product streams of glycerol water can be purified continuously, effectively and particularly economically despite frequent changes of provenance.

Abstract: A process for the production of sclareolide comprising the steps of: (1) providing an aqueous composition comprised of: (a) water; (b) sclareol, abienol, or a mixture of sclareol and abienol, (c) an effective amount of a ruthenium catalyst; and, (d) an emulsifying agent; (2) forming an aqueous alkaline composition by adding an alkali metal hydroxide to said aqueous composition; (3) reacting said aqueous alkaline composition with an oxidizing agent to form a crude product; andeither: (4) further reacting said crude product with base to form the salt of 8.alpha.-hydroxy-11-carboxyl-12, 13, 14, 15, 16-pentanorlabdane and; (5) reacting said salt with acid to form sclareolide;or: (4) heating said crude product to form sclareolide.

Abstract: Alkyl polyglycoside containing industrial and institutional liquid cleaning compositions which provide for the elimination, or the reduction in the amount, of stabilizing agents.

Abstract: Toxic cyanide and anionic metal species are removed from aqueous alkaline solutions by contacting the aqueous alkaline solutions with a compound which is capable of being protonated at a pH of 9 or above.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to improve the storage stability and flow and pumping characteristics of liquid alkylglycoside preparations by adding the minimum amounts of non-alkylglycosidic active substances, so that, owing to the increase ease with which they can be handled, the preparations can be used in the manufacture of washing and cleaning agents. This has been achieved by the use of aqueous mixtures consisting essentially of: 20 to 60% by weight of an alkylglycoside of the formula R.sup.1 --O(G).sub.n, in which R.sup.1 is an alkyl group with 8 to 22 C-atoms, G is a glycose unit and n is a number between 1 and 10; 0.1 to 3% by weight of a sulphate-type or sulphonate-type anionic surfactant selected from the group comprising alkyl sulphates, ether sulphates, alkanesulphonates, .alpha.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium salts of fatty acid hydroxyalkanesulfonic acids are made by reacting a hydroxyalkanesulfonic acid of the formula (I):HO--(C.sub.n H.sub.2n)--SO.sub.3 H (I):wherein n=2 to 4 with a fatty acid having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms at a temperature range of from about 60.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C. and at a reduced pressure followed b reaction with an amine in an organic solvent.

Abstract: An aqueous liquid detergent comprising an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, an alkyl glucoside, a soap of an unsaturated or saturated fatty acid, a polyhydric alcohol and from about 10 to about 20% by weight of citric acid or an alkali metal salt thereof.

Abstract: Foaming shampoo compositions which contain no anionic surfactant and are mild to the skin and eyes are comprised of alkyl polyglycosides, betaines, and polymeric slip agents.

Abstract: A process has been discovered for making alkyl polyglycoside which comprises reacting a fatty alcohol having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms with a sugar, in the presence of an acid catalyst, to form a product of alkyl polyglycoside and excess fatty alcohol. The molar ratio of fatty alcohol to sugar, respectively, is at least 2:1. The excess fatty alcohol is then separated from the alkyl polyglycoside product. Once separated, the excess fatty alcohol is then reacted with a source of boric acid to form a mixture comprised of one or more borate esters of the fatty alcohol and inert compounds. The non-hydroxylic compounds are then separated from the borate esters. The substantially pure fatty alcohol is then returned to the beginning of the process for use in the formation of alkyl polyglycoside.

Abstract: The crude reaction products from the synthesis of alkyl glycosides are bleached by kneading the material substantially freed from the excess fatty alcohol and containing at most limited quantities of water with an oxidizing agent at such elevated temperatures that the reaction mixture lends itself to plastic processing. Temperatures of from about 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. are particularly suitable, although it is best to apply temperatures in the range from about 80.degree. to 100.degree. C. using aqueous hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent. Bleaching is carried out under basic conditions, optionally by addition of an alkaline compound, such as for example 50% sodium hydroxide solution. The bleached product accumulates in the form of a solid. It is preferably mixed with typical compatible solids, more particularly typical constituents of detergents and cleaning preparations, to form a solid and preferably free-flowing alkyl glycoside compound.

Abstract: Black Hole Chess is a game of tactics and strategy, played on a special board, which is larger than that of conventional chess and having vertical and horizontal grid lines as opposed to columns of alternating colored squares as in conventional chess. There are seventeen pieces representing futuristic, space-age figures on each of two opposing sides. Two players, one for each side, face each other across the board. The object of the game is to maneuver one's pieces, according to prescribed rules, in such a way as to put the opponent's President in a condition of "checkmate" or "stalemate," that is, a situation in which he is threatened with capture and cannot move out of vulnerability in any direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of isopalmitic acid esters of branched aliphatic polyols containing 2 to 6 primary hydroxyl groups and 4 to 10 carbon atoms as a base oil for two-stroke engine lubricants. The isopalmitic acid esters are low in viscosity, even at low temperatures, and do not crystallize out in gasoline, even over periods of several days.

Abstract: Heavy metals are efficiently removed from contaminated soil by a process which comprises leaching or washing the soil with a mild leachant solution comprised of an aqueous solution of an acid and a salt. Heavy metals are also efficiently removed from paint chips by washing with an aqueous acid. The heavy metals are recovered from the leachant be cementation.

Abstract: The invention concerns pentene derivatives of the general formula (I), in which, independently of each other, R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a methyl group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen or an alkyl group with 1 to 5 C-atoms, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or a CHR.sup.5 R.sup.6 group (R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 being hydrogen or an alkyl group with 1 to 6 C-atoms) and X is a CO or CHOH group, with the provision that (a) at least one of the groups R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is an alkyl group and (b) 2-methyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)-4-penten-1-ol is excluded. Such compounds are odoriferous substances with interesting fragrances and high diffusion power.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing motor base oils with an improved gasket compatibility. Also disclosed are motor oils containing carboxylic acid ester and ether as base oils.

Abstract: A composition for thickening aqueous based personal care products is comprised of a cosolvent selected from the group consisting of a diol, the mono alkyl ether of a diol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alcohol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alkyl phenol, and a complex organic phosphate ester; water; a nonionic surfactant and, an ester of an ethoxylated polyol.