Abstract: A method for depositing a composite coating on a substrate is provided. The coating contains a mixture of ductile metal particles and a uniformly dispersed polymer particles. The polymer is present in a concentration effective to reduce frictional forces. The coating mixture is compacted such as by isostatic pressing, formed into strips and then clad to the substrate. One preferred coating contains 0.5 weight percent polytetrafluoro-ethylene in a tin matrix.

Abstract: A palladium alloy of the form PdNbM where M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon, iron, nickel, copper, cobalt, boron and aluminum is provided. The alloys exhibit oxidation resistance and electrical contact resistance and are particularly suited for electrical applications such as coatings for electrical contacts or connectors. In a preferred embodiment, the alloy contains from about 5 to about 10 atomic percent niobium.

Abstract: There has been provided an electrical component having resistance to oxidation and wear. The component has a copper or copper alloy substrate coated with a relatively thick layer of silver. A thin layer of gold may be deposited on the external surface of the silver coating layer to improve oxidation resistance, lubricity and to serve as a diffusion barrier.

Abstract: Machinable copper alloys having a reduced lead concentration are disclosed. An additive to the alloy accumulates both at the grain boundaries and intragranularly. The additive facilitates chip fracture or lubricates the tool. One additive is a mixture of bismuth and lead with the lead concentration below about 2% by weight.

Abstract: Ammonium perchlorate is produced a process which comprises:(a) oxidizing a solution of chloric acid substantially free of ionic impurities,(b) introducing gaseous ammonia or an ammonium hydroxide solution into the crystallizing zone to produce ammonium perchlorate crystals, wherein the aqueous solution of perchloric acid and/or the ammonium hydroxide solution is in droplet form.High purity ammonium perchlorate crystals can now be produced directly which are free of transition metals, sulfates and phosphates, as well as substantially free of other ionic impurities including alkali metals, chlorate and chloride.

Abstract: A two-piece carrier ring is provided. First and second rings are affixed to opposing sides of the exterior portion of a leadframe and protect the leads from distortion. The rings are molded prior to bonding to the leadframe so that the rings may be formed from a wide variety of plastics. The premolded rings are polymerized prior to bonding preventing distortion of the leads by shrinking of the rings.

Abstract: A composite leadframe for electronic packages is provided. A polymer layer coats a portion of the leadframe. The polymer layer increases the adhesive bond between the leadframe and a molding resin. Water vapor does not accumulate under the leads and die attach paddle minimizing the popcorn effect.

Abstract: A process for treating wastewater the improvement which comprises admixing with the wastewater at least 0.5 percent by weight of a solution consisting of hypochlorous acid having a pH of less than 3 to prepare disinfected wastewater having substantially no available chlorine residual.The novel process of the present invention provides rapid, intimate mixing of the highly pure, highly acidic hypochlorous acid solution with the wastewater stream to disinfect wastewater bodies while minimizing unwanted side effects. The process eliminates the need for storing and handling pressurized gaseous or liquid chlorine.

Abstract: A process for sanitizing impotable water the improvement which comprises admixing with the impotable water a solution consisting of hypochlorous acid containing at least 0.5 percent by weight of HOCl and having a pH of less than 3 to prepare potable water having an available chlorine residual.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the non-catalytic oxidation of gaseous hydrocarbons, preferably propylene. A mixture of propylene, oxygen and a inert diluent are provided to a rector vessel capable of maintaining an isothermal reaction. Maintaining a temperature in the range of about 200.degree. C. to about 350.degree. C. and a propylene partial pressure of about 80 psia to about 300 psia provides the highest propylene oxide selectivity.

Abstract: A method for producing sanitizing compositions in compressed form which includes:a) admixing an alkali metal carbonate with a solid water soluble aliphatic carboxylic acid to form an acidic mixture,b) compressing the acidic mixture to produce a compressed form of the acidic mixture,c) crushing the compressed form to produce granules of the acidic mixture, and,d) admixing granules of the acidic mixture with an alkali metal chloroisocyanurate, and an alkali metal bicarbonate to produce a sanitizing composition.

Abstract: The present invention is direct to primer housings to secure a semiconductor bridge device in close proximity to an energetic charge. The primar housings are formed from an electrically conductive alloy and contain a dielectric medium disposed between components to maintain electrical isolation. The housings are characterized by high ductility to resist fracture during assembly or handling. In certain embodiments, one or both lead wires are removed to reduce the potential for lead wire breakage or separation.

Abstract: A process for treating an alkali metal hydrosulfite solution containing thiosulfate ions as an impurity which comprises reducing cathodically the alkali metal hydrosulfite solution to convert thiosulfate ions to sulfide ions, the alkali metal hydrosulfite solution having a residual alkalinity of from about 0.1 to about 20 grams per liter of hydroxide ion.

Abstract: A process for producing 1,2,4-triazol-5-one reacts a semicarbazide compound with a formic acid compound in the presence of a catalytic amount of a catalyst. The catalyst is selected from the group consisting of an organic sulfonic acid and a sulfonic acid-containing polymer or co-polymer, and mixtures thereof. The novel process of the present invention produces 1,2,4-triazol-5-one having significantly lower concentrations of chloride ion which are advantageous, for example, in the production of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one as an explosive used in castable explosive compositions. The organic sulfonic acid compound catalyst can be recovered and reused.

Abstract: A solid calcium hypochlorite composition contains calcium hypochlorite and an alkali metal salt of phosphonobutane polycarboxylic acid having an available chlorine concentration of at least 50 percent by weight.It has been found that the use of the novel compositions of the present invention can significantly reduce scale formation in dispensers for calcium hypochlorite particularly where water having high total alkalinity is used. The prevention or inhibition of scale formation is accomplished without harmfully affecting other properties of the pool water such as the pH.

Abstract: A surface mount package for encapsulating an electronic device is provided. The package has a ceramic frame containing a plurality of apertures. Copper-tungsten composite metallic components are bonded to the ceramic frame and individually extend across each of the apertures. The metallic components may include a flange for bonding and a pedestal extending into each aperture.

Abstract: A thin, preferably flexible circuit having multiple conductive planes separated by a non-conductive layer is provided. Conductive vias electrically interconnect the conductive planes. The conductive vias comprise carbon coated blind vias which are made conductive by the electrolytic deposition of a metal on the carbon. The invention is particularly suited for G-TAB wherein a first metal plane is patterned into signal plane circuit traces and a second metal plane is patterned into ground plane traces.

Abstract: A process for producing chloric acid in an electrolytic cell having an anode and a cathode which includes feeding an aqueous solution of hypochlorous acid to the electrolytic cell, and electrolyzing the aqueous solution of hypochlorous solution to produce a chloric acid solution. Using the process of the invention, chloric acid can be produced efficiently at substantially reduced production costs using a process which can be operated commercially. In addition, the chloric acid solutions produced are of high purity and are stable at ambient conditions.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a rugged, flexible, superconducting wire comprising: mixing a superconducting material, such as YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x, with a metallic powder to form a metal/superconductor mixture; and loading a metal shell or tube with the metal/superconductor mixture to form a superconducting wire. The superconducting wire may also be cold drawn and annealed to form a very dense wire. The metallic powder is either copper, copper alloy, aluminum or other face centered cubic element. Additionally, a superconducting wire may be formed by encapsulating a superconducting filament within a metal shell.

Abstract: A process for electrolytically producing an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide in an electrolytic cell having an anode compartment, a cathode compartment, and at least one ion exchange compartment between the anode compartment and the cathode compartment, the process comprising feeding an aqueous solution of an alkali metal chlorite to the ion exchange compartment, electrolyzing an anolyte in the anode compartment to generate hydrogen ions, passing the hydrogen ions from the anode compartment through a cation exchange membrane into the ion exchange compartment to displace alkali metal ions and produce an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide, and passing alkali metal ions from the ion exchange compartment into the cathode compartment.