Abstract: A manually guided implement having an internal combustion engine is provided. A fuel/air mixture is supplied to the internal combustion engine via a diaphragm carburetor. The engine is cooled by a cooling fan that is driven by the internal combustion engine and that generates an air stream. The diaphragm carburetor has a fuel-filled control chamber with a control diaphragm which on that side facing away from the control chamber delimits a compensation chamber. To limit speed, a control pressure line is provided between the compensation chamber and the air stream generated by the cooling fan.

Abstract: A method for reducing ion concentrations in separator materials used in electrochemical processes, including in lead storage batteries. The separator material is treated with at least one acid from the group of sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfonic acids and/or at least one salt from the group of sulfates, phosphates and diphosphates of the alkali metals of alkaline earth metals.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing substrates are provided. The apparatus includes a first processing unit and a second processing unit. A substrate holder is vertically displaceable over the first processing unit, and is guided outside the first and second processing units. In a raised position of the substrate holder relative to the first processing unit, the second processing unit is movable between the substrate holder and the first processing unit.

Abstract: A method of cleaning substrates is provided. Prior to, during or prior to and during a cleaning process, fluid is applied to a substrate surface to form a fluid film thereon. Ice crystals are introduced into the fluid film on the substrate surface. The ice crystals have a temperature that is lower than the temperature of the fluid such that the fluid changes the ice crystals into a gaseous state to form a pulse generated in the fluid film. The depth of penetration of the ice crystals into the fluid film is controlled such that the ice crystals do not strike the substrate surface. The substrate surface is cleaned with the pulse.

Abstract: A crankshaft rotational support for an internal combustion engine having a crankshaft supported by rotational support elements spaced from one another along the longitudinal direction of the internal combustion engine is provided. The crankshaft rotational support includes a plurality of bearing blocks and a plurality of bearing covers. Stiffening elements extend longitudinally for interconnecting H-shaped side projections of the bearing covers to one another. The bearing blocks, the bearing covers, and the stiffening elements collectively form a unit which is cast as an integral unit during a casting process with the cast bearing covers and the cast bearing blocks being separable from one another along a break line. The side projections and the stiffening elements each have an open profile that does not comprise any fully encircled apertures in which a casting sand core may remain after casting.

Abstract: A winding frame is provided which is swingably mountable on a machine frame and operable to support a rotatably driveable winding core for the winding of a filament thereon. The winding frame includes a damping apparatus for opposing unscheduled swing movements of the winding frame during regular winding of a filament onto the winding core.

Abstract: A single use, transportable reaction crucible for a metallothermic welding portion is provided. A separate cylindrical reaction vessel is disposed in the cylindrical casing of a non-metallic crucible shell, which has a flat base and a lid. The reaction vessel is supported on the base of the crucible shell and accommodates a welding portion. The outer diameter of the reaction vessel is less than an inner diameter of the cylindrical casing, with refractory material filling the annular intermediate space thereby formed between the reaction vessel and the cylindrical casing.

Abstract: A suction head is provided for the end of a fuel hose in a fuel tank of a portable implement. The suction head comprises a cup-shaped housing of polymeric material that is closed off by a cap. Provided on the cap is a connector for the end of the fuel hose. The outer surface of the housing is provided with window-like cutouts that are covered by a filter mesh. In order also with narrow, fragmented tank housings to ensure an immersion of the suction head into the fuel in every operating position, a rod-shaped weight member is disposed in the center of the housing. This weight member extends from the base of the housing to the cap, with a first end of the weight member being held on the base and a second end being held on the cap.

Abstract: A method and nozzle for producing fine powder by atomizing molten material with gas are provided. Molten material, in the form of a film, flows out of a molten material nozzle that has an essentially rectangular discharge cross-sectional area. Thereafter, the molten material, together with an atomizing gas, flows through an initially converging and then diverging gas nozzle that is in the form of a linear Laval nozzle, has an essentially rectangular cross-sectional area, and through which flow is laminar. Laminar accelerated gas flow stabilizes and simultaneously stretches the film of molten material in the converging portion of the Laval nozzle until the film of molten material, after passing the narrowest cross-sectional area of the Laval nozzle, is uniformly atomized over its entire length.

Abstract: A holder-ring for an earphone plug is provided. The holder-ring has a main cylindrical body. A flange is integrally formed at the upper end and extends outward and downward therefrom. The flange is spaced from the outer surface of the main cylindrical body by a predetermined distance so that a space opened at its lower end is provided therebetween. The flange has at its upper end a plurality of small through holes.

Abstract: A crankcase with integrated exhaust chambers and crank chambers partitioned from one another by partitions is provided and includes a plurality of cylinder liners and a plurality of bores each for receiving therein one of the cylinder liners. The crankcase also includes plenum chambers extending lengthwise on both sides of the crankcase for passage thereinto of the blow by and a plurality of bands each for partitioning off the plenum chambers relative to a respective crank chamber in cooperation with the cylinder liners. Window openings in the partition walls and transition passages associated with a respective one of the plenum chambers effect the connection of the crank chambers with the plenum chambers.

Abstract: A snap closure is provided for the detachable securement of a housing cover on a housing of a manually-guided implement, especially to secure an air filter cover that covers an air filter of an internal combustion engine for driving a tool of the implement. At least one snap hook is provided on one of the components that are to be secured together, namely the cover and the housing. The snap hook is provided on an end of an elastically deflectable leg that is disposed on the one component. The snap hook is tapered in the manner of a detent and when the cover is mounted on the housing the snap hook, accompanied by an elastic return force, is engagable in an undercut provided on the other component. The snap hook is deflectable in or parallel to a surface plane on the one component that carries the snap hook.

Abstract: An air sifting apparatus is provided for preparatory concentration of raw material including coal, and includes a material feed-in device, a material bed support device, an air jig plenum, and a discharge control device. The material bed support device receives material from the material feed-in device and has a surface having a plurality of openings for a gaseous medium introduced from underneath the material bed support device, which is operable to transport material in coordination with the flow of gaseous medium through the openings to effect loosening and stratification of the material into a layer of relatively heavier material, and a layer of relatively lighter material on the heavier material. The air jig plenum communicates with the underside of the apparatus for guiding gaseous medium thereto and produces constant air flow through the openings of the support device and a pulsating air flow, overlaid on the constant air flow, for pulse impacting material on the support device.

Abstract: A blower for cleaning a surface is provided. The blower includes a radial blower that is driven by a motor and includes an impeller that is rotatable about a blower axis and a housing that at least partially surrounds the impeller. In the area of the blower axis, the housing is provided with an intake opening on an end wall that is disposed approximately perpendicular to the blower axis. A damping bell is disposed on the end wall in the region of the intake opening. The damping bell is provided with a damping panel that is disposed approximately parallel to and at a distance from the end wall, and covers the intake opening. The damping bell also includes a bell wall that extends about the intake opening and the damping panel in a collar-like manner. At least one intake window is provided in the bell wall.

Abstract: An arrangement for securing a component on a bolt is provided, wherein a shaft of the bolt extends through an opening of the component. A ring is disposed on the shaft, and is secured against axial displacement on a surface of the shaft. The ring has at least one radially extending widened portion that inter-engages an edge of the opening of the component.

Abstract: A method of providing an essential oil extract of capsicum, and the extract itself, are provided. The extract contains capsaicinoid and terpene. Capsicum from which seeds and stems have been removed is mixed, in powder form, with a solvent, especially pentane, to dissolve at least some of the capsicum. During or after the mixing step, the liquid solution of capsicum in the solvent is brought to a temperature of less than or equal to 64° C. to significantly reduce the solvent content thereof and produce an essential oil extract that contains capsaicinoid and terpene, especially in the naturally occurring ratio thereof.

Abstract: To insure in a simple and economical manner a uniform and continuous dispensing of a fluid from a pressure tank, a method is provided according to which a pressurized gas is introduced into the pressure tank via a proportional valve that is disposed in an inlet line of the pressure tank, the pressure of the fluid located in an outlet line is measured with a first pressure sensor, and an outlet valve in the outlet line is opened and closed. The method also includes the determination of a set pressure value as a function of the measurement result of the first pressure sensor, the transfer thereof to the proportional valve, the measurement of the gas pressure in the inlet line with a second pressure sensor disposed between the proportional valve of the pressure tank, and the transfer of the measurement result to the proportional valve. The invention also provides an apparatus for carrying out the above method.

Abstract: An optical radiation measurement apparatus is provided. The apparatus has at least one radiation detector for measuring electromagnetic radiation emitted from at least two radiation sources. Separate radiation channels are provided in a channel member in order to provide a radiation path between the radiation sources and the radiation detector, which is common to all of the radiation sources.