Abstract: An echo canceler uses an adaptive filter to remove an echo of a far-end input signal from a near-end input signal. Filter coefficients are calculated and updated while the far-end signal is active. While the far-end signal is silent, substitute filter coefficients are similarly calculated to be swapped in as initial values for the filter coefficients when the far-end signal changes from silent to active. The substitute filter coefficients are generated from a simulated far-end signal and a simulated near-end signal obtained by combining corresponding samples in different intervals of the far-end and near-end input signals. To facilitate convergence of the substitute filter coefficients, use of the simulated far-end and near-end signals is disabled when the corresponding samples cancel out.

Abstract: A semiconductor device of the present invention includes an insulating film made of a low dielectric constant material having a smaller specific dielectric constant than SiO2, a wiring trench formed in the insulating film, a first barrier film made of SiO2 or SiCO formed at least on the side surface of the wiring trench, Cu wiring mainly composed of Cu embedded in the wiring trench, and a second barrier film made of a compound containing Si, O and a predetermined metallic element covering the surface of the Cu wiring opposed to the wiring trench.

Abstract: In a wireless communication system, the communicating stations reduce their transmitting power level when they detect interference exceeding a certain level. Interference is detected by down-shifting the received signal to place the desired signal in the baseband, then sampling the down-shifted signal, first at a sampling frequency high enough to catch the interference, then at a lower sampling frequency that excludes the interference. This system is useful for vehicle-to-vehicle communication in an environment in which vehicle-to-roadside communication may also be present at various nearby frequencies, because it does not require exact knowledge of the interfering frequencies and allows communication to continue even when interference is present.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display and the driving method thereof. The LCD includes a timing controller, a plurality of driver chips and a display panel. The driver chips are cascaded together for driving the display panel to display frames. A driver chip includes a differential receiver, a single-ended receiver, a shift register, a differential transmitter, a single-ended transmitter and a pixel driver. The driver chip receives a pixel signal and drives the display panel according to the pixel signal, and outputs the pixel signal to the next driver chip.

Abstract: In a device for separating a synchronous signal in a video signal, a capacitor receives the video signal to obtain a coupling signal, a level determining circuit receives the coupling signal and compares a voltage level of the coupling signal with a number of reference voltages. The reference voltages define several reference voltage ranges, one of which is a predetermined reference voltage range. The level determining circuit outputs an adjusting signal according to a reference voltage range corresponding to a minimum voltage level of the coupling signal within a predetermined time period. A level adjusting circuit has several current sources for receiving the adjusting signal and thus controls the current sources to adjust a DC level of the coupling signal. A synchronous signal separating circuit separates the synchronous signal from the coupling signal when the minimum voltage level of the coupling signal is substantially within the predetermined reference voltage range.

Abstract: A bottom face of a cylinder head (3) defining a combustion chamber (1) is formed substantially in a shape of a spherical shell, and ignition points (21) are arranged in three or more on a concentric circle of 55 to 70% of a diameter of a cylinder block (30) or the vicinity thereof, and combustion is performed with an air excess ratio of the combustion chamber (1) of 1.5 or more.

Abstract: Routing schemes are provided for a communication network. In one scheme, destination terminals and associated neighboring terminals are listed in a routing control cache at each communication terminal in the network, and packets are routed toward the destination terminal through the associated neighboring terminals. In another scheme, a single path from a source terminal to a destination terminal is automatically expanded into multiple paths. In yet another scheme, packets are routed as long as this does not increase the number of hops to the destination terminal. These schemes enable multiple paths to be established by a simple procedure not requiring complex distance calculations. In still another scheme, routing is restricted to the shortest path and paths up to a given number of hops longer than the shortest path, permitting paths to diverge in multiple directions from the source and destination terminals.

Abstract: A discretely addressable large-area X-ray system is provided. The large-area X-ray system can output a uniform flux of X-rays over a large area using discrete addressing operation of transistors connected to cathodes of electron emitters. Thus, when applied to a medical device, the system can minimize damage inflicted upon the human body because it enables effective imaging of only a desired specific portion of the body. Furthermore, the large-area X-ray system can be simply implemented by current switching using transistors. Thus, the system can be very easily applied to other applications.

Abstract: Disclosed is an alanine racemase chiral binaphthol derivative having the ability to recognize amino alcohols selectively on the basis of chirality and transform amino acids from an L-form into a D-form. Methods for the optical resolution of amino acid or amino alcohol and for the optical transformation of D- and L-forms of amino acids using the binaphthol derivative are also provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display and the driving method thereof. The LCD includes a timing controller, a plurality of driver chips and a display panel. The driver chips are cascaded together for driving the display panel to display frames. A driver chip includes a differential receiver, a single-ended receiver, a shift register, a differential transmitter, a single-ended transmitter and a pixel driver. The driver chip receives a pixel signal and drives the display panel according to the pixel signal, and outputs the pixel signal to the next driver chip.

Abstract: A method of correcting a false-color pixel in a digital image is used to correct a false-color pixel generated after being processed by a color correction matrix (CCM). The method includes the following steps. Obtaining a raw image, for being processed by the CCM operation to generate a processed image; comparing pixels of the raw image with that of the processed image according to a color difference ratio, to find out a false-color pixel in the pixels of the processed image; then, performing a color correction on the false-color pixel at the corresponding position of the raw image and the processed image. The false-color pixel is corrected according to the pixel color at the corresponding position of the raw image.

Abstract: In a semiconductor light emitting device of junction-down type, a semiconductor light emitting element having a stripe part is provided with a bonding part for die bonding in a part of a surface thereof where the stripe part is formed, the bonding part being at a position away from the stripe part, and being junction-down bonded onto an electrode pattern on a holding substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a communications relay device placed between networks. The communications relay device includes a unit of translating a content of a call control packet flowing between the networks, a unit of storing translation information for translating a content of a data packet for each session, a unit of translating a data packet in accordance with the stored translation information, a unit of analyzing a content of a call control packet flowing between a first communication device placed in the first network and a communication device for call control and registering translation information, and a unit of associating two pieces of translation information generated based on call control packets relevant to a session between communication devices placed in the first network.

Abstract: Provided is an electric motor which is simple to design and manufacture, and can be operated by a small current. The electric motor is comprised of a stator 55 having a first disk 45 and a second disk 50, a first ring core 10 having a first switching winding 15 divided into a winding part and a gap part, a second ring core 12 having a second switching winding 20 divided into a winding part and a gap part, and a first rotor 35 having a third disk 25 and a second rotor 40 having a fourth disk 30 mutually connected by a driving shaft 60. The first and second switching windings 15, 20 include first and second power supplies 125-1, -2, and first and second switches 75-1, -2, respectively.

Abstract: A LED lamp and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. At least one blue LED chip can be used as an excitation light source. A number of red LED chips are arranged around the blue LED chip. The blue LED chip and red chips are covered with a packaging material with phosphor. The intensity of red light can be adjusted by a control circuit. Thus, the white LED lamps with high efficacy and high color rendering at different color temperatures can be achieved.

Abstract: An apparatus for modifying predicted values in a predicted image for input to a decoder starts by taking the most significant information bit plane from the predicted image and submitting it to the decoder to be decoded. Subsequent information bit planes are then taken in descending order and submitted to the decoder, but first each of these information bit planes is modified at the locations of prediction errors identified in the preceding information bit plane by comparing that information bit plane with the corresponding decoded bit plane. The modifications improve the general accuracy of the decoded image, enabling the decoder to decode the bit planes with less additional coded information than would otherwise be required. The apparatus is useful in distributed video coding systems.

Abstract: The semiconductor device according to the present invention includes: a semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type made of SiC having an Si surface; a gate trench dug down from the surface of the semiconductor layer; a gate insulating film formed on a bottom surface and a side surface of the gate trench so that the ratio of the thickness of a portion located on the bottom surface to the thickness of a portion located on the side surface is 0.3 to 1.0; and a gate electrode embedded in the gate trench through the gate insulating film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a droplet jetting apparatus using electrostatic force, a manufacturing method thereof and an ink providing method thereof. The droplet jetting apparatus using electrostatic force includes a lower electrode unit in which a nozzle and a lower electrode positioned in the nozzle equipped in the upper part of a first substrate, and an ink inflow channel equipped in the lower part of the first substrate are integrally formed; an upper electrode unit having an upper electrode formed on the top surface of a second substrate and an ink discharge hole formed by being penetrated to the upper electrode from the bottom surface of the second substrate; and a bonding layer for bonding the lower electrode unit and the upper electrode unit with each other so that the nozzle is vertically aligned with the ink discharge hole.

Abstract: An inflation device includes a central tube, a first mounting unit mounted onto an outside of a reception end of the central tube and a second unit connected to a connection portion on the other end of the central tube. The first mounting unit includes a first casing and an end cap, and the reception end includes a valve mouth and a core tube received therein. The second mounting unit includes inner threads that are connected with the connection portion. A groove is defined in the second mounting unit and an O-ring is engaged with the groove. The first and second mounting units can be connected with an American style tire valve and a French style tire valve, respectively. The first and second mounting units each have outer threads with the same diameter so as to be connected with a tire pump.