Abstract: A fin and tube heat exchanger includes fins shaped along dynamically, empirically determined isothermal lines. The fins preferably have deflectors along a trailing edge thereof to concentrate heat flux into a back row of tubes. The deflectors bridge adjacent fins to define baffles. The preferred fin shape may be obtained empirically by trimming fin areas exhibiting excessive temperatures during operation.

Abstract: A joint bearing 8 is provided between two structural elements of which one is connected with the connecting joint 17 and the other with a hinge pin. In the connecting joint 17, there is provided a pressed-in outer ring 28, a cage 30 located between the hinge pin and the outer ring. The cage 30 is provided with cylindrical roller bodies 31, as well as stops 34, for the axial guiding of the cage. The outer ring 28 is so thin-walled that after pressing into place its inner circumference, must be reworked. The outer ring 28 only extends over the length of the roller body 31. The stops 34 are separated from the outer ring 28 and are attached to the connecting joint 17. Further, the hinge pin 20 may be constructed as a tube 19. The appropriate structural element (lever 9) contacts the outside of tube 19. By means of an outwardly protruding screw or other fastener 21 from the inner space of the tube, this structural element is attached onto the tube wall.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for fabricating a ferroelectric memory device to reduce manufacturing cost and to obtain the electric characteristic of capacitor. The method comprises the steps of: forming an intermetal insulating layer provided with a contact hole exposing a junction region formed on a semiconductor layer having the junction region; forming a contact plug within the contact hole; forming a barrier layer and a metal layer for lower electrode on the intermetal insulating layer successively; forming a lower electrode by patterning selected portions of the metal layer for lower electrode and the barrier layer; forming a high dielectric layer on the substrate on which the lower electrode is formed; and forming an upper electrode on the high dielectric layer, wherein during forming the upper electrode, an F ion layer to be trapped by dangling bonds formed at an interface between the upper electrode and the high dielectric layer, is formed at the interface.

Abstract: A cell projection mask, comprising: a frame for supporting means; a membrane formed over the frame, for making a stress due to electron beam to maintain balance; and an absorber formed over the membrane, for absorbing or reflecting the electron beam, wherein the absorber is comprised of a silicon layer and includes at least one or more ion implanting layers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thin film transistor liquid crystal display having a vertical thin film transistor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to provide a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display having high transmittance and high aperture ratio, wherein the method is capable of decreasing process time and cost by reducing numbers of photolithography process steps.

Abstract: The inventive loose flange (1) consists of two half flanges (2, 2) overlapping each other in two overlap areas. A connector screw hole (4, 5), traversing both half flanges (2, 3), is located in one of the two overlap areas. Another connector screw hole (6, 7) is disposed in each of the two half flanges (2, 3), said screw hole being set at a 90° angle to the first. The overlap areas of both half flanges (2, 3) have stepped, interlocking profiles (21, 22, 31, 32) which serve to absorb shearing force. By using connector screws to connect two loose flanges, for instance, in both half flange (2, 3) overlap areas, all connector screws, i.e. even those arranged in screw holes (6, 7) located outside the overlap areas, can be tightened to a substantially greater degree.

Abstract: A stencil mask used as an exposure mask in a non-optical lithography process using an electron beam, X-ray or ion beam as a light source, comprising: a membrane; and a layer formed over the membrane, for scattering or absorbing electrons, wherein the layer for scattering or absorbing has a multi-layered structure in which two or more layers comprised of different materials are stacked.

Abstract: A clamp for holding elongated objects having a generally U-shaped trough for receiving the object to be held and a pair of substantially flat tabs extending from opposite sides of the trough proximate to an upper end of each side thereof. At least one of the pair of tabs preferably has a hinge to render it bendable to bridge over the trough and underlay the other of the pair of tabs in substantially parallel relationship thereto, closing said U-shape to form a D-shape. Tab alignment structures are provided for establishing and maintaining the position of the one tab relative to the other when the one tab underlays the other. In a first embodiment, a ring on one tab is received in a mating receptacle in the other. In a second embodiment, a pin projects from a surface of one tab and extends through an opening provided in the other. The pin is received and retained in an opening in the mounting surface.

Abstract: A sewage cleaning and comminuting system is provided with a transverse semi-circular concave filtering screen that extends across an influent channel which intercepts all solids too large to pass therethrough. A combined screen cleaning and comminuting grinder unit is mounted in front of the screen in close relationship. It has a concave surface for reciprocating motion therebetween along the full extent of the screen, so as to clean and remove large solids intercepted by the screen surface, and to subsequently comminute such larger solids. As they are recirculated back into incoming flow of sewage, larger solids are ground into smaller solids by the grinder so that they can pass through the screen. A semi-circular screen in combination with a grinder is a preferred embodiment of the system. The system includes a single or multiple drive means whereby the comminuting grinder is actuated and provided with the reciprocating motion along the surface of the screen.

Abstract: A scanning line driving circuit of a liquid crystal display having a discharging path for discharging charges of gate lines, including a driving portion for generating scanning line driving signals for driving scanning lines of a LCD panel according to external two-phase clock signals; and a discharging portion for discharging the scanning line driving signals from the driving portions to a common voltage terminal of an upper substrate.

Abstract: A premold for housing the electrical contacts of an electrical connector has a base with a plurality of channels extending from a front surface to a rear surface thereof, each of the channels accommodating therein an associated electrical contact. An intermediate wall extending transversely across each of the channels divides them into a front portion extending from the front surface to the intermediate wall and a rear portion extending from the intermediate wall to the rear surface. The front portion of each channel accommodates an engageable portion of the electrical contact and the rear portion accommodates a connector end of the electrical contact for connecting it to an electrical cord. The front portion and the rear portion of the channels shield the electrical contacts from inadvertent contact.

Abstract: A circuit for driving a LCM, comprising: a power supply portion for receiving an external voltage of 12V to generate internal voltages of 3.

Abstract: A hot-forming machine for the hot-pressing of workpieces comprises a die (5), an associated extendable and retractable ejector (7) and a forwardly and backwardly movable press ram (1). The ejector (7) is connected to a control piston (8) arranged displaceably in a pressure chamber (28). Liquid can flow out of the pressure chamber (28) via a liquid outlet bore (24) and a liquid discharge line (23). By means of a throttle (25) arranged in the liquid discharge line (23) the outflow of liquid and therefore the repulsion of the extended ejector (7) by the forwardly moving press ram (1) are delayed in such a way that a workpiece (4) arranged between ejector (7) and press ram (1) is pre-upset and descaled outside the die (5).

Abstract: A fluid sanitizer includes a substantially cylindrical cartridge for containing sanitizing media such as a silver bactericide. The sanitizer inserts into an existing filter in the normal filter flow path and permits filtering and backwashing. The cartridge is a full flow design and may either be packed bed or loosely packed to become fluidized under filtering conditions. Sand filters with either top-mounted or side-mounted valves may be retrofitted with the sanitizer with no or minimal modifications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dialysis solutions for peritoneal dialysis, containing hydroxyethyl starch as the osmotically-active substance, electrolytes and, optionally, conventional additives, where the hydroxyethyl starch has a molecular weight Mw in the range from 10,000 to 150,000, a substitution MS in the range from 0.10 to 0.40, a substitution DS in the range from 0.09 to 0.35 and a substitution ratio C2/C6≧8. With this peritoneal dialysis solution it is possible, with an outstanding ultrafiltration, to maintain a longer dwell time, for example the dialysis solution can be utilized for a period of 12 hours in the CAPD without replacement. In addition, the inventive dialysis solution is also particularly advantageous for patients with residual kidney function. The resorption of the osmotically active substance is clearly diminished and even after a dwell time of 12 hours it amounts to a maximum of 60-70%.

Abstract: An optical alignment apparatus and method are disclosed, the optical alignment apparatus, comprising the steps of: a light unit for generating a parallel beam; a beam-splitter for beam-splitting the parallel beam; and a beam regulator for changing the beam split from the beam-splitter into a polarized beam and irradiating the polarized beam to the alignment film on the LCD substrate.