Abstract: A dental material is provided based on organic plastics in paste form, which consists essentially of (a) a polymerizable binder, (b) a crosslinked bead polymer and (c) a fine-particled inorganic filler.

Abstract: A graft polymer of polyvinylidene fluoride wherein the polyvinylidene fluoride has grafted thereon a polymer of an ethylenically unsaturated compound and a process for preparing such graft polymer by contacting polyvinylidene fluoride with a monomer of an ethylenically unsaturated compound in the presence of a radical forming catalyst while the polyvinylidene fluoride is maintained in the solid phase under conditions for polymerization of the ethylenically unsaturated compound.

Abstract: A process is described for the isolation of pyrocatechol and hydroquinone from mixtures containing the same, and phenol and higher boiling accompanying substances. The mixture can be one obtained by reacting phenol with a peroxidic hydroxylating agent and removing some of the phenol and the substances which have a lower boiling point than phenol. The mixture is subjected to a first rectification in which phenol and substances which have a boiling point between phenol and pyrocatechol are obtained overhead to leave behind a bottom product containing pyrocatechol and hydroquinone. The bottom product is subjected to a second rectification in which the pyrocatechol is obtained overhead to leave behind a bottom product containing hydroquinone and higher boiling accompanying substances. This bottom product is fed to a concentrating unit in which hydroquinone is evaporated overhead to leave behind high boiling accompanying substances as residue.

Abstract: A system for collecting solar energy which comprises a thin faceplate made of a large number of optical fibers having respectively a diameter ranging from 0.5 micron to 2.0 micron tied up coherently in a bundle vertically to the plane of the faceplate, and a means for focusing the rays departing from the optical fibers of the faceplate.The faceplate enables to let solar rays entering into the optical fibers from all directions within the numerical aperture of the fibers pass through the fibers to let rays parallel to the principal axis of the faceplate depart from the fibers. Accordingly, the system enables to collect solar energy with a high collecting efficiency with no special means for strictly following the sun.FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view of a system of this invention, wherein 1 is faceplate, 2 optical fibers composing the faceplate, 3 concave parabolic mirror, 4 convex parabolic mirror, 9 a bundle of optical fibers for transmission.

Abstract: An improved process for briquetting sponge iron-containing material wherein as binder there is employed dilute sulfuric acid and the sponge iron-containing material contains at least 40% by weight metallic iron.

Abstract: The invention is related to elastic warp knitted articles comprising as warp threads elastic yarns which have been formed into three or more adjacent stitches in one course.

Abstract: Crude acetonitrile containing impurities such as hydrogen cyanide, allyl alcohol, oxazole and water is purified by at least one of the following processes (i) through (iv). (i) Process of removing hydrogen cyanide wherein crude acetonitrile is treated with an alkali in an amount sufficient to convert a substantial part of the free hydrogen cyanide present in the crude acetonitrile to an alkali metal cyanide but insufficient to convert a substantial part of the combined hydrogen cyanide present in the crude acetonitrile to an alkali metal cyanide; and then, the so obtained reaction mixture is subjected to distillation under reduced pressure.

Abstract: In the filling of artificial casings with comminuted material to form sausages, comprising pretreating a casing with a warm aqueous fluid, and thereafter filling said pretreated casing with said comminuted material while said casing is gathered in bellows form on the filling tube of a filling machine, the improvement which comprises effecting said pretreatment while said casing is on said filling tube. An apparatus therefor is provided whereby the fluid can be applied to the inside and/or outside of the casing.

Abstract: The invention relates to phosphonoformic acid hydrazide compounds of the formula ##STR1## and salts thereof wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl radical. The compounds are useful as antiviral agents, particularly against herpes viruses.Also included in the invention are processes for preparing said phosphonoformic acid hydrazide compounds, compositions and medicaments containing said phosphonoformic acid hydrazide compounds and methods for the use of said compounds and compositions.

Abstract: A method for differential thermal analysis and a furnace which is suitable for analytical measurements is heated by radiation. For this purpose, a radiation source whose radiation is absorbed by the furnace wall is arranged near to the furnace. The furnace is preferably formed as a hollow cylinder which surrounds the radiation source. An incandescent coil may, for example, be used as the radiation source.

Abstract: A process for preparing a dialkyl carbonate by contacting a glycol carbonate with an alcohol at an elevated temperature in the presence of a thallium compound.

Abstract: A rotatable holder has a plurality of parallel carriers onto which sausage casings are gathered. The holder rotates to dip the casings sequentially in a treating liquid after which the carriers and casings emerge. When a carrier is aligned with a filling tube of a sausage-filling machine, the casing is transferred still in gathered condition from said carrier to said tube. Means are provided to hold the casing in place and to facilitate start up of filling of a new casing.

Abstract: 2-Carboxymethyl-3-carboxy-chromones and esters of the formula ##STR1## in which R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently is hydrogen, an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aralkyl or aryl group, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano or an optionally substituted alkoxy aryloxy, aralkoxy, alkoxy-carbonyl or dialkylamino group, orR and R.sup.1, together with two carbon atoms of the benzene ring system, form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic 5-membered or 6-membered ring, andR.sup.3 is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or aralkyl,are characterized by fungicidal and arthropodicidal activities. The novel compounds are produced by reacting an o-hydroxyacetophenone of the formula ##STR2## with a glyoxylic acid derivative of the formulaOCH-COOZin which Z is a cation, in the presence of a basic compound, followed by acidification to form the dicarboxylic acid and, optionally, the ester.

Abstract: 3,3-Dimethyl-cyclopropane-1,1,2-tricarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which R is alkyl, andR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each is alkoxycarbonyl or cyano, with the proviso that at least one of them is cyano,suitable for use as intermediates in making insecticides, are produced by reacting a .beta.,.beta.-dimethyl-acrylic acid nitrile of the formula ##STR2## with bromine or chlorine at a temperature between about -20.degree. and +50.degree. C.

Abstract: 2-Propyl-pent-4-en-1-al of the formula ##STR1## and a process for its preparation.

Abstract: N,N-Dimethyl-O-(1,3,4-substituted-pyrazol(5)yl)-carbamic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## in which R is optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenylR.sup.1 is alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulphinyl or alkylsulphonyl, andR.sup.2 is optionally substituted alkylwhich possess insecticidal properties.

Abstract: Procecss for the preparation of alkyl aryl ethers by reacting phenols with aliphatic ethers in the presence of strongly acid cation exchangers.

Abstract: A bottle labeling method and machine has a bottle conveyor which transports bottles past two labeling stations and which rotationally controls the bottles to place them into different positions appropriate to the affixing and pressing on of labels. In the first labeling station in the direction of bottle travel, the simultaneous transfer of a bottle-neck foil and of a back label is effected and in the second labeling station the simultaneous transfer of one of at least one partial neck label and a neck ring label and of a belly label is effected.

Abstract: Novel phosphonomaleic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted alkyl radical containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and, where n=0, may also be an optionally substituted aryl radical,R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each independently is an optionally substituted alkyl radical containing from 1 to 16 carbon atoms,R.sup.5 is hydrogen, an alkyl or aryl radical containing from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, andn=0 or 1,are produced by reacting a base with a 1-halogen-1-phosphonosuccinic acid ester of the formula ##STR2## in which Hal is chlorine or bromine. The esters are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of sequestrants, corrosion inhibitors, stabilizers, flameproofing agents, pharmaceuticals and pesticides.

Abstract: A radial press for workpieces with cylindrical outer surfaces has a plurality of pressing jaws arranged in a circle for radial movement towards the axis of the workpiece outer surface. A pressure ring acts on the pressing jaws so that when the pressure ring is axial displaced, the jaws will open and close. Both the pressure ring and the pressing jaws each have two surface parts, having a wide setting angle and two surface parts having a narrow setting angle, wherein the surface parts having a wide setting angle are disposed firstly at the end faces and secondly between the surface parts having the narrow setting angle. In this way, when the pressing jaws are closed, the surface parts having the wide setting angle are deployed first, and then the surface parts having the narrow setting angle are deployed.