Abstract: A spectroscopic ellipsometer can compare data different in a measurement condition and facilitate setting an initial value of fitting data even for an inexperienced operator such as a beginner. The spectroscopic ellipsometer includes a reference data storage part storing therein reference data to be compared with measurement data, a conversion operation part converting the measurement data or the reference data into comparable data, so that the measurement data can be compared with the reference data, and a comparison and determination part comparing the measurement data with the reference data made comparable by the conversion operation part with each other and determining a coincidence between the measurement data and the reference data.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling a throttle plate to adjust airflow to the engine are provided. A transmission having an input speed and an output speed and including a clutch and a driver-selectable transmission lever is controlled to adjust engine speed to a synchronous speed in a future gear ratio in response to driver foot pedal positions and driver-selectable transmission lever positions.

Abstract: A method of generating brake force to decelerate a vehicle is provided. The method includes during a deceleration condition, generating brake torque via a downstream electric energy conversion device to generate electric energy storable in the battery; and rotating the internal combustion engine via torque output from an upstream electric energy device to deplete electric energy from the battery.

Abstract: A method of regenerating a particulate filter utilizes two temperature levels, with the first, lower, level removing stored hydrocarbons and urea from an SCR catalyst. The second, higher, level then follows for filter regeneration. Because the regeneration occurs after the SCR catalyst has been purged of hydrocarbons and urea, for example, the temperature experienced by the SCR catalyst during regeneration is reduced. In this way, SCR degradation may be reduced.

Abstract: A fitting (5) for a vehicle seat, in particular for a motor vehicle seat, includes a first fitting part (11), a second fitting part (12) which is rotatable about an axis (A) relative to the first fitting part (11), and with a ring (13) which keeps the two fitting parts (11, 12) together in the axial direction. The fitting (5) forms a disc-shaped unit, wherein an adaptor (21) is provided. The adaptor (21) bears against the first fitting part (11), in particular in an abutting manner, and, with the bearing contact, defines a connecting surface (F). The adapter (21) IS connected to the first fitting part (11) and/or the ring (13) by a weld seam (23). The weld seam (23) is produced from a direction (S) which runs within the connecting surface (F) or at a shallow angle (f) to the connecting surface (F).

Abstract: A method of operating a boosted engine system is described in which an ejector coupled with a fuel vapor purging system can generate vacuum during both purging and non-purging conditions, and during both boosted and non-boosted conditions. The vacuum can therefore be used to power vacuum actuated brakes, and/or other vacuum actuators, irrespective of the purging conditions, and irrespective of boost levels.

Abstract: A method of operating a fuel delivery system for an internal combustion engine is described. The method may include, after or during engine shutdown, and during a fuel system cool down, activating the first pump; and varying the activation of the first pump responsive to temperature to maintain a higher pressure for high temperatures. By utilizing the pump to generate increased pressure at an appropriate condition during the cool down, for example, the pressures in the system can be managed to reduce the likelihood of fuel migrating to the rail.

Abstract: A method of forming a thin film varistor array includes creating a metal-metal oxide-metal layer stack without breaking vacuum. The stack is patterned as a plurality of bus lines, each having a plurality of varistor islands formed thereon.

Abstract: A method for operating a powertrain in a hybrid vehicle is provided. The method comprises providing torque to drive the vehicle from both an electric drive and an engine, where engine torque is varied within an allowable range. When operating the engine at an edge of the range, the range may be adjusted based on conditions. In this way, it is possible to compensate for an engine that has a variable maximum torque output depending on operating conditions.

Abstract: The grass-cutting head (101) has a body (103) forming a housing for at least one spool of cutting line (F1; F2), provided with at least one outlet hole (111) of an end of the cutting line wound on said spool positioned inside the head. For each outlet hole, a guide channel for the cutting line is also provided, extending from the inside of the housing towards the hole and having an inclined trend, gradually moving away from said axis of rotation.

Abstract: The invention concerns an operating unit to generate a flow of air under pressure in aerosol therapy equipment, comprising a pump group (12) powered by a motor and having a head (19), with an air inlet duct (22) complete with filter (24) and an air outlet duct (23). The pump group is enclosed in a body made up of two shells, top and bottom, (13, 14) which overlap and fit together on a transversal plane at the level of their edges. The shells forming the body receive and hold the air inlet duct (22) with filter, the air outlet duct (23) and a plate with socket and switch following their overlapping for automizable assembly of the group.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hinge, preferably a furniture hinge, comprising a hinge arm which is pivotably supported on a joint axle which is non-displaceably held in a cup-shaped hinge part and which is provided with a tongue projecting beyond the joint axle or with a cam eccentric with respect to the joint axle or with a control edge which slide on a leaf spring whose one end region is held at the pivotable hinge part and which generates a closing torque in the closing region. In accordance with the invention, the leaf spring has at least two portions of different widths, with the at least one narrower portion of the leaf spring passing through a center recess of the hinge arm, with a tongue being cut from the lower edge of said recess. The at least one wider portion of the leaf spring is pressed against the base of the hinge cup by a transversely extending pin and thus fixedly held by a transversely extending pin.

Abstract: Embodiments of optical collimators are disclosed. For example, one disclosed embodiment comprises an optical waveguide having a first end, a second end opposing the first end, a viewing surface extending at least partially between the first end and the second end, and a back surface opposing the viewing surface. The viewing surface comprises a first critical angle of internal reflection, and the back surface is configured to be reflective at the first critical angle of internal reflection. Further, a collimating end reflector comprising a faceted lens structure having a plurality of facets is disposed at the second end of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: A server includes a logic subsystem and memory. The memory holds instructions that, when executed by the logic subsystem, cause the logic subsystem to determine if a table is wider than a viewing size of a screen of a requesting device, determine if the table is a data table or a layout table, and format an instance of the table prior to sending that instance of the table to the requesting device. The instance of the table sent to the requesting device is formatted in accordance with a determined viewing size of the screen of the requesting device and in accordance with a determined table type.

Abstract: A medical system with a medical device and with a supply unit. The supply unit is designed to be separably connected to the medical device and to supply the medical device with electric energy without interruption. The medical system has an isolating transformer and a changeover device, wherein the changeover device is connected to the isolating transformer and to the medical device and is designed to connect the medical device or the supply unit to an electric supply network via the isolating transformer as desired.

Abstract: The phase and time information of a voltage at a power supply outlet is detected at points, and sent to a data server. With one end of a system used as a phase angle reference, the data server observes phase differences at another end, and at a center. The data server then extracts an inter-system fluctuation component from an obtained fluctuation, and constructs an expanded combined vibration model for data sets obtained through first- and second-order differentiations of the component. The expanded combined vibration model is obtained by expanding a combined vibration model to include a known model of a PSS provided for a generator of interest. Time-series data regarding state variables of the PSS at the time of construction of the expanded combined vibration model are obtained, and PSS parameters are determined directly therefrom by the expanded combined vibration model, thereby achieving stabilization of dominant modes.

Abstract: A vehicle propulsion system and method of operation are presented. As one example, cylinder deactivation and transitioning from four to two strokes is coordinated with transmission shifting to improve vehicle response. Additionally, it is possible to reduce transitions in operating modes to improve drive feel.

Abstract: A plastic rocker pendulum is provided with a rod-shaped basic body (1) and mounting elements (2, 3) arranged at the free ends of the basic body (1) for the ball heads of ball pins. The cross section of the basic body (1) has an essentially S-shaped design with at least three crossbars (5, 6, 7) arranged in parallel at spaced locations from one another and connection webs (8, 9) coupling two adjacent crossbars (5, 6, 7) each. The connection webs (8, 9) are arranged at opposite end areas of the crossbars (5, 6, 7). The geometrical moment of inertia can be substantially increased compared to conventional cross sections due to this cross section shape.

Abstract: An engine is operated with a first cylinder to provide a net flow of gases from the engine intake to the engine exhaust while a second cylinder returns combusted gases back to the intake to control a timing of auto-ignition combustion in the first cylinder.

Abstract: A guidance system for manually guided vehicles such as reach stackers or straddle carriers is disclosed. In accordance with the disclosure, the position of the vehicles is permanently automatically detected and supplied to a guiding system for carrying out. Starting from transport job lists made available externally, the travel jobs are assigned to the individual vehicles in an optimized form. Suitable travel routes for the travel jobs are determined and the travel jobs, including the travel routes, are automatically transferred to the vehicle operators. Their carrying out is monitored.