Abstract: A method and a device for controlling user access to a wireless network are provided. According to an example of the method, during master/backup changeover between an master main board and a backup main board in a switch, an AP may start a timer in case of short-term communication interruption between the AP and an master AC due to the master/backup changeover. In this way, if the interruption is within an allowable time period, the AP may maintain connections between the AP and authenticated users instead of imposing offline on the authenticated users.

Abstract: A network segment route and a host route are advertised to a Spine node; the network segment route advertised by the Spine node is learned; when a first packet hits the network segment route, the first packet is sent to a Spine node corresponding to a next hop of the hit network segment routes so that the Spine node sends the first packet to a Leaf node corresponding to a next hop of a host route hit by the first packet.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus and a VTEP for synchronizing MAC address are provided. According to the method, first mapping relationship configured on first aggregation/IPP port of first VTEP is notified to second VTEP in a same MLAG system. The second VTEP configures the relationship on second aggregation/IPP port of the second VETP. The relationship represents a mapping relationship of first tag ID of first port of the first VTEP to first VXLAN ID. Second tag ID of second port of the second VTEP differs from the first tag ID. The first VTEP receives a successful configuration message returned by the second VTEP after successfully configuring the relationship on the second IPP port. The first VTEP then sends first MAC address to the second IPP port via the first IPP port, wherein the first MAC address is the MAC address of a device accessing the first VTEP via the first port.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses methods of controlling network access, NASs and non-transitory machine-readable storage mediums. In an example of the present disclosure, when a terminal comes online for a first time, a NAS obtains a temporary role for a terminal; when receiving an IP address request from the terminal, the NAS requests an IP address for the terminal, wherein a lease for the temporary IP address is a set minimum lease; the NAS forces the terminal to go offline when the portal authentication is successful; when the terminal comes online for a second time, the NAS obtains a service role for the terminal; when receiving an IP address request sent by the terminal at expiry of the lease for the temporary IP address, the NAS requests a service IP address for the terminal, wherein the service IP address belongs to an IP network segment corresponding to the service role.

Abstract: A NAT method, apparatus and device are provided. According to the method, a target IP address and its reference port are obtained from a NAT resource pool, the reference port being a port in a corresponding consecutive port range. A first five-tuple is generated based on the target IP address, the reference port and an original five-tuple of the packet, and a second five-tuple is obtained by masking first-class bits of the reference port of the first five-tuple. Based on a hash result of the second five-tuple, a target bit indicating a non-conflicting state is determined from a pre-constructed bitmap. The state indicated by the target bit is set to be a conflicting state, and a target five-tuple is generated based on the target bit. The target five-tuple and the original five-tuple are recorded in a session table, and the packet is NAT-processed based on the target five-tuple.

Abstract: A method of forwarding a packet and a VXLAN Tunnel End Point (VTEP) are provided. In an example, the VTEP obtains a route of a specified role, which is advertised to a remote VTEP. Then the remote VTEP distributes packets to be transmitted to the specified role to VTEPs in a multihoming group based on the route. The multihoming group includes VTEPs that the specified role is homed to, and next hop of the route is a group address of the multihoming group. The VTEP receives the packet to be transmitted to the specified role from the remote VTEP; and transmits the packet to another VTEP in the multihoming group when a link between the VTEP and the specified role fails, such that the other VTEP transmits the packet to the specified role.

Abstract: A VXLAN Tunnel End Point (VTEP) sends an authentication request packet to an authentication server upon receiving a user access request from a user terminal, so as to cause the authentication server to perform an authentication for a user. The VTEP receives authorization information of the user for which the authentication is passed. The authorization information is sent by the authentication server, and includes a Virtual Switch Instance (VSI) identifier or a Virtual eXtensible LAN (VXLAN) identifier. The VTEP creates an Attachment Circuit (AC) interface on a user port connecting the user terminal of the VTEP. The VTEP associates the AC interface with the authorization information.

Abstract: By splitting CGN functions based on a control plane and a forwarding plane, a CGN control plane function is put into a BRAS CP device, and a CGN forwarding plane function is retained on a CGN card on the BRAS DP device, and CGN configuration information is distributed by the BRAS CP device to the BRAS DP device.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for switching between master and standby container systems are provided. The method may be applied to a first container system deployed in a physical network device and functioning as a master container system, and a shared file is created in the physical network device. The method includes: receiving a system upgrade instruction input by a user; in response to the system upgrade instruction, sending container system data to a second container system functioning as a standby container system corresponding to the master container system in the physical network device; when receiving a data backup completion notification from the second container system, writing a master/standby container system switching notification into the shared file, so that the second container system switches to function as the master container system when detecting that the master/standby container system switching notification in the shared file.

Abstract: According to examples of the present disclosure, an access point (AP) device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, and a communication device are provided. The AP device may include an AP housing, a control board arranged within the AP housing, and a first electrical connecting part and a first assembly part arranged on the AP housing. The control board and the IoT device are electrically connected by the first electrical connecting part. The AP device may assemble with the IoT device by way of the first assembly part.

Abstract: A method of accessing a Solid State Disk (SSD) and an SSD are provided, where the SSD includes: a cache, N physical channels, and flashes mounted to the physical channels. The cache includes a plurality of strips. Each of the plurality of strips includes N sectors, N being an integer greater than or equal to 3. The method is applied to the SSD. According to the method, a data writing command for the SSD is received; a first strip and a first sector that correspond to an LBA of data to be written carried in the data writing command are determined; when the first strip is present in the cache, the data to be written is written into the cache as data of the first sector; and when the first strip is absent in the cache, the first strip is established and the data to be written is written into the cache as data of the first sector.

Abstract: Methods of establishing an entry corresponding to equal cost paths, network devices and non-transitory machine-readable storage medium are provided. In one aspect, the network establishes a FIB entry, where the FIB entry includes the number of UCMP entries UCMP table corresponding to N paths configured to be equal cost with each other between the network device and a destination network device, where an address of the destination network device, and the number of the UCMP entries in the UCMP table is equal to a preset fixed value; and assigns at least one UCMP entry for each of the N paths based on respective weights of the paths and the fixed value, where the at least one ECMP entry corresponding to the path respectively includes index information corresponding to the path.

Abstract: A Software Defined Network (SDN) controller receives a detecting packet reported by a first switch and initiated by a first device. The SDN controller sends, for each of switches having an SDN connection with the SDN controller, the detecting packet and information of all downlink ports of the switch to the switch in a way that the switch is capable of sending the detecting packet through the downlink port. The SDN controller receives a response packet which is sent by a second switch and initially generated by a second device in response to receiving the detecting packet from the second switch, wherein an IP address of the second device matches a destination IP address of the detecting packet. The SDN controller sends forwarding configuration information to the second switch in a way that the second switch is capable of configuring a port through which the response packet is received.

Abstract: In an example of a method for implementing three-layer communication of a management packet, a controlling bridge creates a first virtual management ethernet (VME) port with a first MAMA address, and allocates a first IP address to the first VME port. A port extender creates a second VME port with a second MAC address, and requests an IP address of the second VME port from the controlling bridge. The controlling bridge allocates a second IP address to the second VME port, and notifies the port extender of the second IP address and the first IP address; acquires the second MAC address of the second VME port to send receive a management packet to from the second VME port through three-layer communication.

Abstract: Methods of establishing an entry corresponding to equal-cost paths, network devices and non-transitory machine-readable storage mediums are provided. In one aspect, a network device assigns an inner label and an outer label for each of N paths configured to be equal cost with each other between the network device and a destination network device, wherein the respective inner labels corresponding to the paths are same with each other; createestablishes a FIB entry, wherein the FIB entry includes an address of the destination network device, the number of ECMP entries in an ECMP table corresponding to the paths, and the same inner label, and the number of ECMP entries in the ECMP table is equal to a preset fixed value; and assigns at least one ECMP entry for each of the paths based on the number N of the paths and the fixed value.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method and device for installing an operating system. According to an example of the method, in a temporary system, a target physical hard disk to be used for installing the operating system is determined in response to a user operation of specifying the physical hard disk, and it is judged whether the temporary system and the operating system to be installed are of the same type. Then, in a system stage corresponding to a judgment result, a logical drive letter of the target physical hard disk on the operating system to be installed is queried by a query means corresponding to the judgment result. In this way, in a small system for the operating system to be installed, the operating system to be installed can be installed on the target physical hard disk identified by the logical drive letter.

Abstract: By splitting CGN functions based on a control plane and a forwarding plane, a CGN control plane function is put into a BRAS CP device, and a CGN forwarding plane function is retained on a CGN card on the BRAS DP device, and CGN configuration information is distributed by the BRAS CP device to the BRAS DP device.

Abstract: According to an example of a method for forwarding a packet, a ESGW device decapsulates a received downstream data packet to obtain a downstream IP data packet when a destination MAC address of the downstream data packet is an MAC address of the ESGW device; determines a matching ARP entry of an IP address of a target user terminal based on the destination IP address of the downstream IP data packet to obtain a session ID of the target user terminal; determines a length field of a PPPoE header by a microcode, and obtains a pre-stored fixed-value field of the PPPoE header from a data storage area; encapsulates the downstream IP data packet into a downstream PPPoE data packet based on the session ID, the length field, and the fixed-value field, and forwards the downstream PPPoE data packet through an egress port of the matching ARP entry.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an orthodontic system for the orthodontic treatment of a patient's teeth, including a printing step wherein the orthodontic system is made by three dimensional printing. A method for the placement of an appliance for the orthodontic treatment of patient's teeth, and the use of the appliance of such an orthodontic system.

Abstract: Method for the placement of an appliance, orthodontic system for the orthodontic treatment of a patient's teeth and use of the appliance of the orthodontic system, the orthodontic system including an appliance and a jig, wherein the appliance includes pearls which are each provided with a slot into which an orthodontic wire can be inserted, wherein the pearls are interconnected by the jig and wherein the jig includes separated caps, the caps being shaped individually to the shape of the teeth.