Abstract: A method of determining correction parameters for adjusting the amounts of light to which originals are to be exposed in a color copying operation in dependence on the composition deviations of the respective original from a calibrating original involves establishing, for each of a multitude of regions of the respective original, two characteristic values respectively representative of a relationship between the blue and green color values, on the one hand, and the red and green color values, on the other hand, averaging those of the established characteristic values the relationships of which are within a distribution range normally encountered in an image of an object on the original, forming an average from the average values, and ascertaining the magnitude and direction of the correction parameters from the difference between the average obtained from the particular original and a like average obtained from the calibrating original.

Abstract: A digital control circuit for use in automatic-focus cameras is disclosed, which is suitable for use in self-focusing systems which determine focus by means of triangulation. The system corrects for motor oscillation about a state of proper focus, defocusing caused by inertia, and for an inability to evaluate proper state of focus caused by large distances between the camera and a subject.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for deflecting a web of material moving in its longitudinal direction, both into a plane situated at right angles to the surface of the web and into a plane situated in the surface of the web, whereby a supporting element provided for the web during its deflection is an endless flat belt which the web mounts before it is deflected and which the web leaves after its deflection and cylindrical rollers and deflecting bodies in the form of tube and/or tube segments having supporting means on their circumferential surface are provided which guide the endless belt to deflect the web and subsequently return the belt to the point where the web mounts the belt.

Abstract: Cyan-forming phenol type color couplers comprising in the 2-position of the phenol a benzamido group carrying on the benzene nucleus of the benzamido group at least one --Q--Rf group wherein Q is --O--, --S--, or --SO.sub.2 --, and Rf is a short-chain fluorine-containing group derived from hexafluoropropylene or trifluorochloroethylene.These cyan-forming color couplers can be incorporated in (a) red-sensitized silver halide emulsion layer(s) of a photographic multilayer color element or in a non-light-sensitive colloid layer in water-permeable relationship with the red-sensitized emulsion layer(s).

Abstract: Cyan-forming color couplers according to the formula: ##STR1## wherein Z is hydrogen in the case of 4-equivalent couplers or a substituent that splits off upon color development, thus conferring a 2-equivalent character to the color coupler, and Y is a ballasting group. These cyan-forming color couplers can be incorporated in (a) red-sensitized silver halide emulsion layer(s) of a photographic multilayer color element or in a non-light-sensitive colloid layer in water-permeable relationship with the red-sensitized emulsion layer(s).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for continuously filtering liquids whereby two candle filters are arranged closely adjacent to one another and are connected by a first three-way cock at the liquid inlet ends, a second three-way cock at the liquid outlet ends of the candle filters and a bypass cock for a partial stream and enabling the candle filters to be emptied in such a manner that the candle filters are filled and vented before they are put into operation and one of the two candle filters always is ready for operation with degassed and filtered liquid if one of the candle filters is to be cleaned.

Abstract: Latexes suited for homogeneously incorporating compounds with a photographically useful group into photographic silver halide emulsion materials. The latex incorporates a copolymer comprising recurring units of a monomer with photographically useful group, and recurring units of surface active monomer, according to the general formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl,n is 0 or 1 to 20,L is ##STR2## R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, R.sup.3 is a monovalent chemical bond or a bivalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group or such group interrupted by the group --COO-- or --CONR--, andY is a sulpho, sulphato or phosphono group in acid or salt form, and at least one of the groups --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is or comprises a hydrocarbon chain of at least 8 C-atoms.

Abstract: A novel film cartridge, camera for use with such cartridge and method of making such cartridge are disclosed. The cartridge is in form of a pocket of a material which is impermeable to light and which accommodates a multi-exposure film strip having a length at least equal to the length of the pocket.

Abstract: Photographic material to be processed passes generally horizontally through a succession of processing chambers including a developing chamber. The latter includes a developing-fluid tank containing a body of developing fluid, the body of developing fluid having an upper surface. At least one rotatably mounted submerging roller causes transported photographic material to pass below the upper surface of the body of developing fluid. A counterpressure roller presses the transported photographic material against the submerging roller during transport of the photographic material through the developing chamber. Flow elements are arranged to damp the agitation of the body of developing fluid resulting from rotation of the submerging and counterpressure rollers. The submerging and counterpressure rollers are so arranged that the trailing end of transported photographic material does not drag over the peripheral surface of either roller in circumferential-surface contact therewith.

Abstract: A reinforced flexible x-ray film cassette includes two cassette parts which are connected at one side by a hinge and which are cylindrically curved as considered in a plane normal to the hinge. Two circumferentially extending ribs are provided on one of the cassette parts and a single circumferentially extending rib is provided on the other cassette part, the single rib being received between the two ribs in the closed position of the cassette to form a light barrier therewith and being in force-transmitting engagement therewith to reinforce the cassette against bending or twisting. The cassette part which constitutes the bottom includes a foil of ferromagnetic material floatingly supported on an elastic peripheral strip and an intensifying shield supported on this foil. The cassette part which constitutes the top includes a magnetic plate supported on elongated projections of the cassette wall and supporting another intensifying shield.

Abstract: A motion picture camera has a rotary shutter driven by a DC motor which is supplied from a battery. The camera also has an arrangement for making light markings for identification purposes on the film in the camera. This arrangement includes a light-emitting diode and a capacitor which is charged by the battery and discharges across the diode. The electrical circuitry is such that the capacitor is connected to the battery only when the motor is disconnected therefrom; inversely, when the motor is to be connected to the battery in order to operate the shutter (and also to advance the film), the capacitor is first disconnected from the battery before the motor is connected to it and then discharges across the diode. The circuit also suppresses afterglowing of the diode.

Abstract: Compounds containing the group ##STR1## are useful in photographic materials for preventing fading of dye images.

Abstract: When the battery voltage is sufficient, and not nearing the point of insufficiency, a light-emitting diode is steadily illuminated. As the battery voltage decreases, the steady component of illumination decreases and also, when the decrease has proceeded to a certain extent, a superimposed pulsating component of illumination is introduced, causing the illuminated LED to begin to flicker, informing the user that the battery voltage is nearing insufficient values. As battery voltage drops further, the steady component of illumination ceases altogether, and the flicker converts to on-off blinking, indicating that the battery voltage is at the verge of an insufficient value. When the battery voltage drops fruther, the LED ceases to be illuminated. During part or all of the flicker phase, and/or during part or all of the blinking phase, the frequency of the pulsating component of illumination progressively increases with decreasing battery voltage, to create an effect of increasing urgency.

Abstract: Gelatin-containing layers of photographic materials are hardened by adding a compound containing from 2 to 6 sulfonyl ethyl sulfate groups in the form of its salts and activating the compound by adjusting a pH-value in the range from 6.5 to 11.

Abstract: Daylight radiographic cassette unloader for rapid sequential unloading of cassettes. The device includes an intermediate storage magazine to which the films after removal from the cassettes are fed one by one at a high speed whereinafter they are individually dispensed towards a processing apparatus at a speed equal to that of the processing apparatus. The cassette-unloading time is substantially reduced, while the unloading capacity of the device is tripled compared with prior art machines. Operations may be automatic under the control of a microprocessor.

Abstract: The condition of a photographic copying and associated developing machine for prints of color photographic negatives is evaluated by exposing a calibrating sample onto a first portion and by making a test exposure with preselected exposure data onto a second portion of photographic paper in the copying machine. The two portions of photographic paper are then developed in the developing machine, and the thus obtained developed prints are monitored in the copying machine by comparing their densities in various colors with preselected reference densities. The results of comparison are indicative whether the machines operate satisfactorily, whether the copying machine requires one or more adjustments, or whether the developing machine is in need of at least one adjustment. The adjustment or adjustments can be effected automatically or upon examination of the results of comparison by an attendant.

Abstract: Elimination of beads created along the edge during coating magnetic binder containing dispersions on a flexible support by subjecting the coated dispersion to the stray field of a magnetic circuit consisting of permanent magnets and soft magnetic conductor elements, the central line of the gap of the magnetic circuit extending downstream the moving support at an angle up to 10.degree. in the direction towards the border of the support.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of photographic emulsions by a continuous flow process, in which a volume stream entering a pipe system flows successively through the various sections of this system corresponding to the individual stages of the process, such as the inlet points for introduction of the volume streams, mixing paths and ripening paths.

Abstract: A cutting apparatus with two cooperating rotatable cutting knives is driven by a driving shaft rotating at a constant speed and includes a speed controller in the form of an interlocking rotatable pin and slot drive connection, the input and output shafts of that connection offset from each other, and acceleration and deceleration compensating means including a compensating flywheel and an interlocking rotatable pin and slot drive connection having the input and output shafts offset from each other, the input shafts of both slot drive connections being coupled to the driving shaft, the output shafts of both of the connections being held against bodily movement while the input shafts are mounted for parallel bodily displacement, and means for adjusting the position of the input shafts of the slot drives. Preferably, the input shafts have a common axis of rotation.