Abstract: A method of operating a data processing system to examine a compiled program for violations of a set of rules that do not constitute violations detected by the compiler that generated the program. The method includes obtaining a restricted rule set defined in terms of rules in a decompiled representation of the program. The method also includes decompiling the compiled program to the decompiled representation of the compiled program in which the restricted rule set is defined, examining the decompiled representation of the compiled program for a violation of the restricted rule set to determine if any of the rules are violated, and providing an output indicating that one of the rules was violated.

Abstract: An atomic force microscope (AFM) system comprises a cantilever arm attached to a probe tip. The system controls a height of the cantilever arm to press the probe tip against a sample and then separate the probe tip from the sample, to detect a disturbance of the cantilever arm after the separation of the probe tip from the surface, and to engage active damping of the cantilever arm to suppress the disturbance.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems for acquiring spectrometric data from analyte ions implement transient-level data acquisition and peak correction in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Transient spectra including analyte peaks and reference mass peaks are recorded, from which a set of averaged peak centroids of the reference masses is generated. The peaks of reference masses in each transient spectrum are compared to the averaged peak centroids. From this comparison, an appropriate correction function is applied to each transient spectrum to correct the positions of the analyte peaks in each transient spectrum. The corrected transient spectra are then summed to obtain a corrected averaged spectrum.

Abstract: A downconverter mixes a first comb spectrum with a local oscillator signal to generate a second comb spectrum in a lower frequency range. The first comb spectrum comprises frequency components separated from each other according to a frequency spacing interval, and the LO signal has a frequency offset relative to the first comb spectrum, where the frequency offset is a rational fraction of the frequency spacing interval. The second comb spectrum comprises lower and upper sideband responses corresponding to respective lower and upper sideband signals of the first comb spectrum. The lower and upper sideband responses in the second comb spectrum can be distinguished from each other based on the frequency offset.

Abstract: A control device for a sample separation apparatus, the sample separation apparatus including a first separation unit and a second separation unit downstream of the first separation unit and supplied with the fluidic sample after treatment by the first separation unit. A control device is configured for controlling the first separation unit to execute a primary separation sequence within a time interval for separating the fluidic sample into fractions, and for controlling the second separation unit to execute secondary separation sequences within the time interval for further separating the separated fractions into sub-fractions, wherein the secondary separation sequences form part of a common sample separation method defined by a common specification of the sample separation involving a set of parameters, and adjusting, over a progress of the primary separation sequence, at least one parameter according to which at least one of the plurality of secondary separation sequences is executed.

Abstract: An inlet liner is provided for use in an inlet assembly of a chromatograph system. The inlet liner has an elongate tube that extends along a longitudinal axis and defines a bore that extends along the longitudinal axis and has an inner bore surface. At least one projection extends from the inner bore surface into the bore. Chromatograph systems are provided including the exemplary inlet liner(s). Methods are also provided for analyzing a sample containing a matrix in a chromatograph system having an inlet assembly connected to a chromatograph column. The method includes positioning an exemplary inlet liner in the inlet assembly, flowing the sample through the inlet liner, and adhering a portion of the matrix to a projection surface of at least one projection of the inlet liner.

Abstract: Disclosed is a voltage-current characteristic generator that includes: a voltage source; a current source; a selector for selecting and outputting the output of either the voltage source or the current source; a sensing portion, connected to an output of the selector, for outputting the output of the selector and for sensing, and feeding back, the voltage and current of the output; and a controller for receiving the voltage and current detected by the sensing portion and for setting the subsequent outputs in the voltage source and the current source, wherein, in addition to setting the subsequent outputs, the controller evaluates an operating mode wherein the subsequent output from the selector is to be from either the voltage source or the current source.

Abstract: An apparatus for receiving a chemical species is disclosed. The apparatus includes an emission block configured to receive a vapor phase chemical species that is excited by chemical reaction in the emission block to provide an excited species that emits hot. The emission block has an interior portion having a surface. A coating is disposed over the surface and the coating reduces adsorption of the excited species onto the surface.

Abstract: Described is a directional coupler for forward coupling energy from an input port to a coupling port. The directional coupler has a coupling factor and an operating frequency and an operating wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency.

Abstract: A sample injector (500) for injecting a fluid into a fluidic path, wherein the sample injector (500) comprises a robot arm (502) configured for moving an injection needle (506), when being connected to the robot arm (502), between a fluid container (510) containing the fluid and a seat (508) in fluid communication with the fluidic path, the injection needle (506) configured for aspirating the fluid from the fluid container (510), when the injection needle (506) has been moved to the fluid container (510), and for injecting aspirated fluid into the fluidic path, when the injection needle (506) is accommodated in the seat (508), and the seat (508) configured for accommodating the injection needle (506) and providing fluid communication with the fluidic path, wherein the robot arm (502) is configured for selectively disconnecting the injection needle (506) from the robot arm (502) when the injection needle (506) is accommodated in the seat (508), and wherein the robot arm (502) is configured for performing a fur

Abstract: A method for operating a data processing system to display data related to a plurality of packets that traverse a communication link is disclosed. A copy of the packets that traverse the link is provided including a timestamp corresponding to each packet that defines a time at which the packet traversed the link. A display is generated having first and second regions. The first region includes an X-Y chart in which each packet is represented by a multi-value glyph denoting a first property related to that packet, the first property having more than two values. The second region includes a first annotation glyph for one of the packets, the first annotation glyph being located at the X-location corresponding to the timestamp for the packet. The first annotation glyph is present if that data packet has a second property.

Abstract: A flame photometric detector (FPD) for use in a gas chromatography (GC) apparatus is described. The FPD has an emission block that is maintained in a first temperature range, and a transfer line that is maintained in a second temperature range that is greater than the first temperature range. The FPD is coupled to a light detector, such as a photomultiplier tube (PMT).

Abstract: A method is provided for performing real-time spectral analysis of a non-stationary signal. The method includes sampling the non-stationary signal, using an observation window having a length short enough to approximate a stationary signal, to provide an initial set of sampled data, buffering the initial set of sampled data to obtain multiple buffered sets of sampled data, filtering the initial set of sampled data and the buffered sets of sampled data, using corresponding filter responses, to obtain multiple filtered sets of sampled data, and performing a chirp-z-transform (CZT) of the filtered sets of sampled data to provide a set of discrete Fourier transforms (DFT) coefficients. A total signal spectrum of the non-stationary signal is reconstructed using the set of DFT coefficients.

Abstract: A phase noise extraction apparatus and technique that extracts phase noise induced by a component of a transmitter from a radio frequency (RF) signal and attenuates noise induced from other sources. The RF signal is digitized, modulation is removed, and the carrier is suppressed to provide a noise signal including the phase noise and the noise induced from the other sources. A complementary autocorrelation operation is applied to the noise signal to attenuate the noise from the other sources. The correlated signal is transformed into the frequency domain to generate a power spectrum of the phase noise that may be measured or displayed.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems for acquiring spectrometric data from analyte ions implement transient-level data acquisition and peak correction in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Transient spectra including analyte peaks and reference mass peaks are recorded, from which a set of averaged peak centroids of the reference masses is generated. The peaks of reference masses in each transient spectrum are compared to the averaged peak centroids. From this comparison, an appropriate correction function is applied to each transient spectrum to correct the positions of the analyte peaks in each transient spectrum. The corrected transient spectra are then summed to obtain a corrected averaged spectrum.

Abstract: A heterodyne optical spectrum analyzer (10) is configured for analyzing spectral information of an optical input signal (15). The analyzer (10) comprises a local oscillator source (20) configured for generating an optical local oscillator signal (38). An optical mixer (25) is configured for receiving the input signal (15) and the local oscillator signal (38), and for outputting a plurality of different combined optical signals (50), each combined optical signal (50) being derived from the input signal (15) and the local oscillator signal (38). An opto-electrical receiver (30) having a plurality of inputs (52) is configured for receiving the combined optical signals (50) and for providing an opto-electrical conversion thereof, and an output (54) for outputting electrical signals representing the received combined optical signals (50). A signal processor (35) is configured for deriving spectral information of the input signal (15) by analyzing the electrical signals.

Abstract: A method for operating a data processing system to generate a test for a device under test (DUT) is disclosed. The method utilizes a model of the DUT that includes a plurality of blocks connected by wires and a set of control inputs. Each block includes a plurality of ports, each port being either active or inactive. Each block is also characterized by a set of constraints that limit which ports are active. The active ports of at least one of the blocks are constrained by one of the control inputs. A test vector having one component for each port of each block and one component for each control input is determined such that each set of constraints for each block is satisfied. The test vector defines a test for the DUT.

Abstract: Novel compositions are disclosed for use as a stationary phase in chromatography comprising an inorganic substrate that is modified with at least one silane having the formula R1?-Q?-(CH2)?SiR2?X3-?. In a preferred embodiment, the inorganic substrate is silica gel and is modified with at least two silanes. Methods of preparation and use in chromatographic applications are disclosed. The novel compositions provide superior chromatographic performance, reduced silanol activity, enhanced stability, and reproducibility in preparation and performance.

Abstract: A chromatography cartridge and method of manufacturing same. A chromatography cartridge of the present invention can include a tubular housing having an open end and an inner surface, and a plug. The plug can be positioned within the open end of the tubular housing and can have an outer circumferential surface, a substantial portion of the outer circumferential surface being fused to the inner surface of the tubular housing. A method for manufacturing a chromatography cartridge can include coupling at least a portion of the outer surface of the plug to at least a portion of the inner surface of the tubular housing in response to rotating at least one of the plug and the tubular housing about the longitudinal axis with respect to the other of the plug and the tubular housing.

Abstract: A chromatography cartridge and method of manufacturing same. A chromatography cartridge of the present invention can include a tubular housing having an open end and an inner surface, and a plug. The plug can be positioned within the open end of the tubular housing and can have an outer circumferential surface, a substantial portion of the outer circumferential surface being fused to the inner surface of the tubular housing. A method for manufacturing a chromatography cartridge can include coupling at least a portion of the outer surface of the plug to at least a portion of the inner surface of the tubular housing in response to rotating at least one of the plug and the tubular housing about the longitudinal axis with respect to the other of the plug and the tubular housing.