Abstract: A trace gas sensing apparatus includes a cathode, an anode, a vacuum enclosure, and a membrane. The anode coaxially surrounds the cathode, wherein the cathode and the anode define an annular ionization chamber. The vacuum enclosure surrounds the cathode and the anode and includes a gas inlet fluidly communicating with the ionization chamber. The membrane is coupled to the gas inlet in a sealed manner and is permselective to trace gas. The apparatus may further include circuitry for applying a negative voltage potential to the cathode and for measuring an ion current signal generated by the cathode, and a magnet assembly for generating a magnetic field in the ionization chamber. The cathode may include an elongated member located along a longitudinal axis, and first and second end plates orthogonal to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A fitting element (100), in particular for an HPLC application (10), is configured for providing a fluidic coupling of a tubing (102) to a fluidic device (103). The fitting element (100) comprises a gripping piece (108) to exert—upon coupling of the tubing (102) to the fluidic device (103)—a grip force (G) between the fitting element (100) and the tubing (102). The gripping piece (108) comprises a hydraulic element (170) configured to transform an axial force (S) into a hydraulic pressure (P) within the hydraulic element (170). The hydraulic pressure (P) in the hydraulic element (170) causes the grip force (G).

Abstract: A two-dimensional liquid chromatography in a system (200) comprises a first liquid chromatograph (210) coupled with a second liquid chromatograph (220). An injection event of injecting an output of the first liquid chromatograph (210) into the second liquid chromatograph (220) is controlled (290) in relation to a state (600, 610; 620, 630) of the second liquid chromatograph (220). FIG.

Abstract: A method and system for predistorting signals provides a test signal to model a non-linear component. Model kernels representative of static and dynamic parts of the model are extracted from an output of the non-linear component responsive to the test signal. The dynamic part represents memory effects of the non-linear component. The model kernels are then used to calculate an inverse memory model component model. An input signal is predistorted using the inverse memory model.

Abstract: A reagent for oligonucleotide synthesis or purification, wherein the reagent has a structure of: X—C-L-H??(Formula A) wherein X is a phosphoramidite group, an H-phosphonate group, an acetal group, or an isocyanate; C is a direct bond or a cleavable adaptor represented by —Ca-Cb—; L is a hydrocarbyl chain; and H is a terminal alkyne or an activated cyclooctyne. The reagent of Formula (A) can be used in the synthesis and purification of oligonucleotides.

Abstract: A method for determining an efficiency of target enrichment from a DNA library, includes: adding a negative control sequence and a positive control sequence to the DNA library, or picking a negative control sequence and/or a positive control sequence from the library; determining a pre-capture amount of the negative control sequence and a pre-capture amount of the positive control sequence; performing enrichment of a target sequence from the DNA library using a bait sequence to produce a post-capture library; determining a post-capture amount of the negative control sequence and a post-capture amount of the positive control sequence in the post-capture library; and determining the efficiency of the target enrichment, based on the post-capture amount of the positive control sequence, the post-capture amount of the negative control sequence, the pre-capture amount of the positive control sequence, and the pre-capture amount of the negative control sequence.

Abstract: A plasma torch comprises: a glass inner tube comprising an outlet where a plasma is formed; a glass outer tube comprising at least three inlets for receiving a cooling gas and distributing the cooling gas between the glass outer tube and the glass inner tube; and a cartridge housing comprising a gas receiving inlet, the glass outer tube being in fluid communication with the gas receiving inlet. Any two of the at least three inlets are radially offset by fewer than 180°.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for compensating for third-order intermodulation (IM) distortion in a receiver by passing a received signal through a detector to obtain a second-order difference signal, combining the 2nd-order signal with the received signal in a multiplier to obtain a 3rd-order IM signal, adjusting a parameter such as amplitude, phase or quadrature amplitude of the 3rd-order IM signal, and coupling the 3rd-order IM signal into the received signal.

Abstract: A waveform reconstruction system and method for using the same are disclosed. The system includes an RF down-converter that receives a signal and outputs a down-converted signal. A demodulator demodulates the down-converted signal to generate a recovered digital data stream. A pattern detector detects a predetermined pattern in the recovered digital data stream. A delay generator delays the down-converted signal and outputs a delayed copy thereof. A signal processing circuit combines the delayed copy with previously received delayed copies of the down-converted signal to reconstruct an averaged waveform from the plurality of delayed copies having the predetermined pattern.

Abstract: Provided herein is method comprising: contacting an initial RNA sample containing a population of different RNA molecules with a divalent cation and a set of DNAzymes that are designed to cleave multiple target RNAs in the initial sample, thereby producing a product RNA sample that comprises: a) uncleaved RNA molecules and b) cleaved RNA fragments that contain a 2?,3?-cyclic-phosphate and a 5? hydroxyl as the result of DNAzyme cleavage.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and improved methods for multi-site directed mutagenesis and DNA shuffling. The present compositions and methods provide increased mutation frequency and increased number of transformants which allow one to sequence only a few clones in order to identify the correct mutants and to obtain the desired mutant by screening large number of transformants in a short time. Moreover, the inclusion of FEN-1, PEF and optimized buffer and cycling conditions provided in the present invention should also facilitate random mutagenized library construction and the mutagenesis of large or difficult templates.

Abstract: A shear valve for use in a high performance liquid chromatography system, the shear valve comprising a first shear valve member and a second shear valve member, wherein at least one of the first and second shear valve members is adapted to be moved with respect to the other, one of the first and second shear valve members comprises a plurality of ports, and the other comprises at least one fluid path for fluidly coupling respective ones of the ports in dependency on a relative movement position of the first and second shear valve members with respect to each other, wherein the first shear valve member is at least partially coated with an adhesion-promoting layer and a diamond like carbon layer on the adhesion-promoting layer.

Abstract: A method of determining a leak in a pumping system includes determining a metered flow rate of a fluid through a first channel, determining a measured flow rate within the channel, and identifying an amount of a leak in the pumping system as the difference between the metered flow rate and the measured flow rate.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of performing the western blot analytical technique, wherein the method comprises carrying out the following steps in the following order: a), pre-staining the proteins within a sample; b). separating the proteins using gel electrophoresis; c). analysing the separated proteins to determine the total protein load and/or at least one housekeeping protein load; d). transferring the proteins onto at least one membrane; e). probing the separated proteins to detect a target protein; and f). analysing the probed proteins to determine the target protein's molecular weight and/or load.

Abstract: A method of calibrating a reconstructed signal from a plurality of sub-signals is provided. The method includes injecting a calibration signal having multiple tones into a received input signal; dividing the input signal into a first and second sub-signal, including an overlapping frequency band; performing a first frequency translation by converting frequency components of the second sub-signal; digitizing the first sub-signal and the frequency converted second sub-signal; performing a second frequency translation to reverse the first frequency translation to obtain a reconstructed second sub-signal; and quantifying impairments to the digital first sub-signal and reconstructed second sub-signal caused by differences in magnitude and phase of frequency components within the overlapping frequency band.

Abstract: A system comprises an oscilloscope and an oscilloscope probe having a status indicator. The status indicator is located on a probe head of the oscilloscope probe and is configured to convey information to a user to indicate at least one characteristic of the signal. In certain embodiments, the status indicator comprises a light or a screen to convey signal related information to the user.

Abstract: An atomic force microscope (AFM) comprises a physical system and a controller comprising a plurality of digital filters and configured to control the physical system. The AFM is tuned by performing automatic loop shaping on a loop response defined by a frequency response of the physical system and a frequency response of the controller, and adjusting a gain of the controller according to a peak in a magnitude of the loop response.

Abstract: A vessel includes a cylindrical section coaxially disposed about a central axis of the vessel. The cylindrical section includes an inside vessel surface, an outside vessel surface opposing the inside vessel surface, an upper end region circumscribing a vessel opening, and a lower end region axially spaced from the upper end region. A bottom section is disposed at the lower end region. A flange is coaxially disposed about the central axis and extends radially outward from the outside vessel surface at the upper end region. The flange includes a bottom surface facing generally toward the lower end region and perpendicular to the inside vessel surface. A ring may be coaxially disposed about the central axis and provide the bottom surface. An annular shoulder may protrude from the outside vessel surface, and may be spaced from or integrally adjoined to the flange.

Abstract: A mass analyzer comprises a pair of planar electrode structures. The electrode structures are disposed opposite to each other, parallel to each other, and axially offset from each other. The electrode structures are configured to generate, in response to an applied voltage, a cylindrically-symmetric, annular electric field comprising an annular radially focusing central lens region surrounding an axis of symmetry, and an annular mirror region surrounding the annular radially focusing central lens region.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for making an inorganic/organic hybrid totally porous spherical silica particles by self assembly of surfactants that serve as organic templates via pseudomorphic transformation.