Abstract: Graft-polymers of,.alpha.,.alpha.'-disubstituted .beta.-propiolactones on isobutylene-triene copolymers are prepared by reacting an isobutylene-triene copolymer with maleic anhydride and possibly with other functionalizing agents adapted to introduce acid and ester groups in the copolymer molecule and by neutralizing or hydrolyzing, or both, with a tetraalkylammonium base, said functional groups, said neutralization or hydrolysis, or both, being followed by a grafting reaction with pivalolactone.

Abstract: A method for preparing a chitosan-glucan complex is disclosed, which comprises the steps of subjecting filamentary fungal masses from certain fungal species such as Allomyces, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Phycomyces, Choanephora, Zygorrhynchus and like fungi, to a treatment with a concentrated aqueous solution of a strong alkali brought to its boiling point and for a time of from 4 to 6 hours. This treatment removes a number of undesirable components since a deacetylation of chitin occurs, the soluble components being concurrently removed.Foaming substances, if present, may be removed by a preliminary treatment with a solution of strong alkalies, with a lower concentration than that of the solution used for chitin deacetylation.The products thus obtained lend themselves well to the preparation of columns capable of retaining certain compounds or elements, e.g. transition metal ions and can be used for flocculation reaction, in chromatographic reactions and many other uses.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing graft polymers of alpha-substituted-beta-propiolactones, comprising the step of providing anionic sites in an amorphous base polymer and reacting the anionic compound with an alpha-substituted-beta-propiolactone. Critical concentrations of unsaturation in the base polymer and critical quantities of the beta-propiolactone concerned are indicated.

Abstract: New dinitriles are prepared by reacting an alpha, beta saturated nitrile with an alpha, beta unsaturated nitrile. For this preparation subzero temperatures are preferred. Higher diamines can be prepared by hydrogenating the dinitriles thus obtained, such diamines being reacted with a dicarboxylic acid or a salt, ester or chloride of such an acid to prepare polyamides having an amorphous character, i.e. transparent polyamides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for synthesizing pyran nitriles of the general formula ##STR1## consisting of reacting aliphatic 1,5 hydroxyketones with aliphatic nitriles in the presence of basic substances such as oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates of alkali metal and alkaline earth metals, and in particular of alkali metal hydroxides or alcoholates, as the catalyst.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of alkoxyalanates of alkaline earth metals is disclosed, which comprises the step of reacting an alcoholate of an alkaline earth metal and an alkaline earth metal alanate and an aluminum alcoholate, the reaction being of the additive type.The products thus obtained are effective catalysts for reactions of reduction, more particularly of hydrogenation of a number of organic compounds.

Abstract: Three-block copolymers of the ABA and ABC type are disclosed in which A and C are plastomeric monomers and B is an elastomeric polymer are disclosed, which are prepared by first polymerizing the block A in such a way to keep alive the active centers in the chain ends for a time sufficient to permit the addition of the second monomer B, whereafter, with the aid of a special catalytic system, the growth of the third block C, can be carried out. A and C are mutually interchangeable. The catalyst for polymerizing the block A is a Lewis' acid aided by isobutene and the catalyst for introducing and copolymerizing C (or A) is a chloride of aluminium alkyl.

Abstract: Polymeric material in the form of fibrids is produced by preparing (1) a homogeneous liquid phase of a first polymeric material and solvent and (2) a second phase of other polymeric material which is incompatible with the first polymeric material and solvent. Phases (1) and (2) are mixed together in such proportions that the quantity by weight of the first polymeric material is greater than that of the second polymeric material in the mixture. The mixture is furnished with sufficient energy to render it flashable and is then subjected to a flash-spinning so that polymeric material in the form of fibrids is produced and those fibrids are thereafter collected.

Abstract: For hydrogenating unsaturated compounds, and especially those containing aromatic rings, a catalytic system of novel conception is suggested. This is a quaternary heterogeneous system which comprises an elemental metal of Groups IIA or IIIA, a primary or a secondary amine, a Ni or a Co halide, and an activator such as Na, NaH, NaAlH.sub.4 or AlEt.sub.3.Very satisfactory results as to yields and smoothness of reaction are obtained in the conversion of benzene to cyclohexane and of toluene to methylcyclohexane.

Abstract: Phenolic ethers are prepared starting from phenol or a phenolic derivative and an alkyl carbonate which are reacted at a comparatively low temperature (below 160.degree. C.) and with good yield and selectivity by using a catalytic system composed by a base, preferably a tertiary amine, and by an iodide, either organic or inorganic.

Abstract: There are disclosed oligomeric aluminum hydride iminic derivatives to be employed as catalysts in polymerization processes and, which are prepared by causing alkali-metal or alkaline-earth-metal alanates to react with a primary amine which contains a group of the type --X--R".sub.m, wherein X is a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom and m is equal to the valence of X minus one. The compounds have a trimeric or a tetrameric "open cage" spatial configuration.

Abstract: Microfibers of thermoplastic polymeric materials which have occluded therein materials such as pigments, dyestuffs, medicaments and other man-made or synthetic materials that can be released therefrom as desired.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for continuously counting up the pinholes and the rips (continuous disruptions) in a film or web of plastic materials, said device having a gating circuit which is capable of distinguishing the pinholes from the rips thus giving a more reliable indication than was possible with the conventional devices also based on detection of electric discharges.

Abstract: A chemical method for splitting the pyran ring of compounds such as 2,6,6-trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyran is disclosed which consists in reacting the 4H-pyran derivatives concerned with water and a halogen-containing or halogen-donating catalyst at a comparatively low temperature, i.e. from 50.degree. C. to 130.degree. C. Interesting results are obtained and a selection field is afforded as regards the products of the pyran-ring cleavage.

Abstract: Mixed alkoxy-hydride derivatives of aluminum and alkaline-earth metals are disclosed having the formulaM[AlH.sub.4-n (OR).sub.n ].sub.2which may be complexed with a Lewis base wherein M is an alkaline-earth metal, R is selected from an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and n is a number between 0.5 and 3.5. There is also disclosed a novel process for preparing said derivatives which are useful as reducing agents.

Abstract: Carbonic acid esters are prepared by reacting the alcohol concerned with oxygen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst which is a salt of a metal belonging to the Groups IB, IIB and VIII of the Periodic Table: the least possible number of inorganic anions is desirable in order to reduce the acidity of the environment as far as possible. The salts of monovalent copper are preferred and high yields and selectivities are obtained.

Abstract: For hydrogenating unsaturated compounds, and especially those containing aromatic rings, a catalytic system of novel conception is suggested. This is a quaternary heterogeneous system which comprises an elemental metal of Groups IIA or IIIA, a primary or a secondary amine, a Ni or a Co halide, and an activator such as Na, NaH, NaAlH.sub.4 MgEt.sub.2 or AlEt.sub.3.Very satisfactory results as to yields and smoothness of reaction are obtained in the conversion of benzene to cyclohexane and of toluene to methylcyclohexane.

Abstract: A laminated structure of sheets of fibrous cellulosic and polymeric materials is prepared upon a multiple plane table cardboard manufacturing machine by forming a sheet of cellulosic fibers from a pulp thereof on at least one of the plane tables of the machine, forming a sheet of polyolefinic fibrids from a pulp thereof on a second plane table of the machine, and forming a cellulosic fiber-polyolefinic fibrid sheet from a pulp thereof on a third plane table of the machine, joining those sheets in superposed position so that the sheet of cellulosic fibers is in the middle, drying the superposed sheets, and then calendering the dry superposed sheets at a temperature not lower than that necessary to melt at least partially the polyolefinic fibrids.

Abstract: In the cyclization of gamma-delta or delta-epsilon unsaturated alcohols in order to obtain certain tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran derivatives which are useful in the perfuming of detergents, the improvement consisting in that the alcohol to be cyclized is reacted with a cationic ion-exchange resin. The useful temperature range is from 20.degree. C. to 150.degree. C: in practice the alcohol and the resin are boiled together or refluxed until the reaction is completed. A number of examples is reported and physicochemical data are given.

Abstract: A single stage process is provided for the direct synthesis of mixed polyimino derivatives of aluminum and alkaline earth metals consisting of reacting aluminum, an amine, the alkaline earth metal or hydride or amide derivative thereof, in the presence of hydrogen, the reaction being promoted by an activator in either hydrocarbon or ether solvents.