Abstract: An improved process is provided for the preparation of esters of polyhalophthalic acids, polyhalobenzoic acids, and polyhalophthalic anhydride useful as flame retardants for thermoplastic and thermosetting resins, which comprises the reaction of the above acids or anhydride with alcohols in the presence of certain metal and metallorganic compounds as catalysts. Also provided are certain esters per se.

Abstract: Vinyl polymers, e.g., the homo- and copolyvinyl chlorides, are prepared in one or more stages, to a degree of conversion of at least 50%, by suspended emulsion polymerizing at least one vinyl monomer, e.g., vinyl chloride, said at least one monomer having dispersed therein finely divided droplets of an aqueous solution of at least one component of a polymerization initiating system, and wherein the amount of water in said aqueous solution constitutes at least 19%, and preferably at least 20% by weight of the at least one monomer.

Abstract: A fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite comprising a fiber reinforcement, a first thermoplastic polymer about said fiber reinforcement, and a second thermoplastic polymer interposed between said fiber reinforcement and said first thermoplastic polymer; said second thermoplastic polymer being different from and compatible with said first thermoplastic polymer and capable of wetting said fiber reinforcement; and to the process of making such composite.

Abstract: Flame retardancy of polyphenylene ether, polyolefin and polyethylene terphthalate resins and resin blends is increased by blending with the resin a flame retarding amount of a halogenated polyester which is the reaction product of a halogenated phthalic acid or phthalic anhydride with an epoxide or hydroxy compound containing at least two hydroxyl groups. The polyphenylene ether resin may include homopolymers or copolymers of polyphenylene ethers or blends of polyphenylene ethers with vinyl aromatic resins such as styrene polymers and copolymers. The flame retarding polyesters are also effective as processing aids in improving the flowability and moldability of the resins during melt processing.

Abstract: N,N'-hydrocarbylenebis[N-(2,2,6,6-tetraalkyl-4-piperidinyl)amic acid hydrazides] and their derivatives are useful for stabilizing polymeric systems which are subject to degradation and/or discoloration upon exposure to heat and/or light. The novel compounds contain at least two hindered amine light stabilizing groups and two hydrazide or hydrazide derivative thermal oxidative stabilizing groups.The novel compounds are excellent light stabilizers for polyolefins, have low volatility and are not readily lost from polymeric systems via volatilization, migration or extraction.

Abstract: Hydrazide functionalized 2-hydroxybenzophenone ultraviolet light and heat stabilizers and derivatives are disclosed having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, X, Y, Z, all substituents thereof, and n are set forth in the Summary of the Invention. Y--N(R.sup.6)--Z is the hydrazide or derivative group and --X--R.sup.5 -- links the hydrazide group to an aromatic nucleus of the optionally substituted benzophenone group. Derivatives are, for example, acyl hydrazides, diacyl hydrazides (including imides), hydrazones and alkyl hydrazides. The compounds are useful as ultraviolet light absorbers and heat stabilizers for plastics.

Abstract: An electroplating bath, cell and method for the electrodeposition of a wide range of tin-bismuth alloys onto a conductive substrate comprises tin and bismuth ion in aqueous solution, and an alkyl sulfonic or polysulfonic acid or salt as the electrolyte. The sulfonic component is present in amounts sufficient to maintain the bismuth in solution.In the operation of the method of the invention, electroplated tin-bismuth eutectic alloys of controlled composition are obtained. The alloys of tin and bismuth contain amounts of both metals such that the plated alloy has a melting point substantially lower than that of either metal alone, and a melting point lower than that of a tin-lead alloy.

Abstract: Methods for improving the anti-friction and wear-reducing properties of lubricating oils by adding to such oils polyfluoro chain-containing amines of the formula ##STR1## or the commercially available mixtures of such materials, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 20, a is two or four, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, and R.sub.1 and Z are:When Z is hydrogen, R.sub.1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms, an aryl radical, or an alicyclic radical having from three to ten carbon atoms, orR.sub.1 and Z are selected from alkyl radicals having from one to six carbon atoms, orZ is ##STR2## while R.sub.1 is hydrogen, an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms, or ##STR3## R and R' being hydrogen or methyl, or R.sub.1 and Z together form a linear alkylene group containing from three to ten carbon atoms,and lubricating oils containing such polyfluoro chain-containing amines and "ash-free" or organometallic dispersant/detergent additives.

Abstract: A polymeric peroxide comprising a dilvalent recurring unit having the formula: ##STR1## wherein the recurring unit of Formula I has a 10 hour half-life temperature of at least 80.degree. C. and optionally a divalent recurring unit having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.5, X, X.sup.1, Y, Z, y and z are as defined in the Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments and the polymeric peroxide has a molecular weight of 1,000 to 200,000. The polymeric peroxides are derived from hydroxy-hydroperoxides of dihydroxy dialkyl peroxides. These polymeric peroxides can be used for preparing block copolymers and compatibilizing polymer blends and alloys.

Abstract: A hardenable fluorinated copolymer of fluorinated monomers and an acrylamide derivative and paints, paints and varnishes comprising such copolymers, and the process of making such hardenable copolymer.

Abstract: Polymeric flame retardants comprise halognenated aromatic compounds having acylamino functional groups which are chemically bonded to cyclic imide-containing or imide-forming polymers or copolymers. The polymeric flame retardants are prepared by the reaction of halogenated aromatics containing a reactive hydroazido group with some or all of the anhydride groups of an cyclic alpha, beta-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride polymer or copolymer to form pendant halogenated-aromatic-substituted imide or amic acid groups. In addition, polymeric flame retardants are used to render thermoplastic resin less flammable under conditions which promote combustion. Novel flame retardant hydrazides are disclosed.

Abstract: A continuous method is provided for preparing alkanesulfonyl halides, particularly chlorides and alkanesulfonic acids in high yields without the formation of undesirable side-products, and without the net production of hydrogen chloride as a by-product. The method involves the continuous electrolysis of an alkanethiol (RSH) or dialkyl disulfide (RSSR') in an aqueous hydrochloric acid-containing solution, continuously removing the electrolyzed product mixture from the electrolysis zone, and recovering the alkanesulfonyl chloride (RSO.sub.2 Cl) or alkanesulfonic acid (RSO.sub.3 H) product from the mixture. The alkyl groups in the dialkyl disulfide (R and R') may be straight or branched chain, substituted or unsubstituted, have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and may be different, but are preferably the same. The aqueous hydrochloric acid-containing medium and any unreacted sulphur compounds may be recycled through the electrolysis chamber.

Abstract: An improvement in the method and apparatus for transversely folding a continuous tubular sleeve. The sleeve is unwound onto a plurality of movable conformators mounted on a rotatable platen which supports the folded sleeve segments. After the desired amount of concentric folds are formed, the platen and conformators are rotated essentially 90.degree. to bring the folded segment into a horizontal plane for extraction. Also disclosed is a mobile device for performing the extraction of the folded sheath segment.

Abstract: A vinylidene fluoride-based polymer-containing coating composition provides coatings having weather resistance, chemical stability, surface lubricity, and enhanced adhesion to substrates. The composition comprises:(a) a vinylidene fluoride-based polymer;(b) a graft polymer formed from the graft polymerization of an alkyl methacrylate onto a fluorine-containing polymer; and(c) at least one organic solvent.

Abstract: A piezo film switch comprises a cantilever with a pair of layers, including a piezo film layer and a flexible, backing layer laminated thereto. The piezo film layer produces a positive or negative output pulse, depending upon a direction of deflection of the cantilever. Interface circuitry coupled to the piezo film layer is powered by the output pulses and provides "pseudo contact closures" which emulate the operation of a mechanical switch.

Abstract: Organic sulfide antioxidants useful for stabilizing polyolefins against oxidative and thermal degradation during processing and use represented by Formula I: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of 2 to 15;R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 2 to 30 carbons, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group of 5 to 20 carbons a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 2 to 30 carbons where any of up to 6 carbon atoms are replaced with an O or S heteroatom, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group of 5 to 20 carbons where any of up to 6 carbon atoms are replaced with an O or S heteroatom, with the proviso that the heteroatoms must be separated from each other and from the portion of the compound to which the R group is bonded by at least one carbon atom, the substituents for R being --OH, --SR.sup.4 or -- OR.sup.4, wherein R.sup.4 is an alkyl group of 1 to 30 carbons or a cycloalkyl group of 5 to 20 carbons;R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently H or an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbons; andR.

Abstract: A composition of matter is disclosed which includes a major proportion of an organic di- or polysulfide, a catalytic amount of an amine/mercaptan mixture, and a stabilizing component in an amount sufficient to inhibit loss of catalytic activity in storage.

Abstract: A continuous process is disclosed for preparing dialkyl disulfides by reacting an alkyl alcohol and hydrogen sulfide in one reaction zone, and then passing the reactor effluent into a second reaction zone where it is reacted with elemental sulfur in the presence of a solid, particulate catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyfluoroaklyl nitrogen compounds of general formula:R.sub.F --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --Xin which X denotes an isothiocyanate --N.dbd.C.dbd.S, carbodiimide --N.dbd.C.dbd.N(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --R'.sub.F or thiourea --NH--CS--A group, A denoting an optionally substituted amino group, and each of the symbols R.sub.F and R'.sub.F denotes a perfluoroalkyl radical.these compounds, prepared from the corresponding axides R.sub.F (CH.sub.2).sub.2 N.sub.3 or amines R.sub.F(CH.sub.2).sub.2 NH.sub.2, can be used as surface-active agents or precursors of such agents.

Abstract: A granular pesticide composition is prepared by reacting polyvinyl alcohol, pesticide, a borate, and optional filler(s) in water until a gel is formed, drying the gel, and then grinding the product to the desired particle size. The product is then applied to the soil for controlling pests.