Abstract: Improved thermoplastic elastomeric compositions adopted for easy conversion, e.g., by injection molding or extrusion techniques, into useful shaped articles having good abrasion and tear resistance, and marked resistance to oils and fats, include a polyetheramide, advantageously a polyetheresteramide, and a nitrile rubber, e.g., a copolymer of 1,3-butadiene or isoprene with (meth)acrylonitrile.

Abstract: Polyester amides and polyether thioether ester amides of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is a polyamide sequence,R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 can be the same or different and each represents a linear or branched C.sub.2 to C.sub.98 alkyl radical,m is an integer between 1 and 50, andn is one or greater; and the process of making such amides by reacting specific diols with a dicarboxylic polyamide having terminal acid functional groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to new polyfluorinated compounds which are usable as anti-wear additives for lubricants.These compounds are of general formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.F is a perfluorinated radical, X denotes a divalent linkage--(CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2).sub.a (CH.sub.2).sub.b --, --CF.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 -- or --CFH--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, a is an integer ranging from 0 to 10, b is an integer ranging from 1 to 4 but equal to 2 if a is other than zero, R.sub.1 denotes a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical, R.sub.2 denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical and R.sub.3 denotes an alkyl radical. They are prepared by condensing an amino alcohol, R.sub.F --X--NH--CH.sub.2 CH(R.sub.1)OH, with an alkyl ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid, CH.sub.2 .dbd.C(R.sub.2)--COOR.sub.3.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds which simultaneously contain a perfluorinated chain and a hydrogenated chain and which correspond to the general formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.F is a perfluoroalkyl radical, m an integer from 0 to 2, R.sub.H an alkyl radical, X an OH or NR.sub.1 R.sub.2 group, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen atoms or methyl radicals. The amides (X=NR.sub.1 R.sub.2) are prepared by photoamidation of the polyfluoroolefins R.sub.F --(CH.sub.2).sub.p --CH.dbd.CH--C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where p is equal to 0 or 1 and n is an integer from 1 to 17, and the acids (X=OH) are prepared by hydrolysis of the amides thus obtained.The acids and their salts may be employed as surface-active agents or, as also the amides, as intermediates for the synthesis of such agents.

Abstract: This invention relates to a continuous process for the preparation of carbon polymonofluoride.The reaction of fluorine diluted with at least one inert gas with carbon particles is performed in a reaction zone in which the particles travel as a thin layer. Diluted fluorine is introduced into the reaction zone in the form of a plurality of gaseous mixtures delivered at a plurality of points close to the layer of the particles and distributed in the reaction zone. The weight content of fluorine and the flow rate of each of the gaseous mixtures are controlled independently and such that the volume content of fluorine in the gaseous phase at the gaseous phase/particles interface in the vicinity of each of the points is lower than the minimum content causing the inflammation of the particles.For a space time output higher than 10 kg.h.sup.-1 m.sup.

Abstract: Process for extracting organic compounds which are present in water in the form of solutions or suspensions by a liquid carboxylic acid which is immiscible with water. Branched or unbranched linear acids such as n-heptanoic, n-octanoic, or 2-ethylhexanoic acids make it possible to quantitatively extract compounds such as phenols, amines or amino acids from such aqueous solutions, thereby rendering the process useful for the purification of industrial wastewaters.

Abstract: The invention relates to new polyfluorinated compounds which are usable as anti-wear additives for lubricants.These compounds are of general formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.F is a perfluoroalkyl radical, R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 each denote a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl radical, R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 each denote a hydrogen atom or an acyl residue, m equals 0 or 1 and X denotes a hydrogen atom or a 2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl group. They are prepared by hydrogenation of amino alcohols of formula:R.sub.F --CF.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 --NH--CH.sub.2 CH(R.sub.1)--OHfollowed, where appropriate, by a reaction with an epoxide and/or an esterification.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of substantially spherical particles of at least one metal compound of Group II of the Periodic Table, comprising dissolving such compound in a solvent therefor to form a solution and introducing the solution into a non-solvent medium; said non-solvent medium consisting essentially of at least two liquids that are non-solvents for said compound, at least one of said non-solvents being immiscible with the solvent solution and at least one of said non-solvents being miscible with said solvent solution.

Abstract: Heterogeneous copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene are obtained by copolymerization in suspension or emulsion in two stages. In a first stage the vinylidene fluoride and the chlorotrifluroethylene are copolymerized, and in a second stage the polymerization of vinylidene fluoride is continued after discontinuance of the introduction of chlorotrifluoroethylene.

Abstract: Metal carbide and metal nitride powders produced by the carbothermal reduction of one or more metal oxides reacted with a binder material and a carbonaceous additive or optionally, a binder capable of supplying carbon to the reaction. The metal oxides are selected from among SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2 and B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and are combined with the binder in the presence of carbon to form granules having a controlled pore volume. The granules are then subjected to a carbothermal reduction reaction, in the presence of a nitrogen or a neutral atmosphere, to produce metal nitrides or metal carbides respectively, having an excess of carbon incorporated therein. The product is subsequently heated to react the excess carbon within the compound with oxygen from the atmosphere to form carbon monoxide gas, which may be removed by an optional exhaust system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane in the liquid phase by reacting hydrofluoric acid with 1,1,1-trichloroethane and/or 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane.The selectively is improved by using a perfluoroalkanesulphonic acid, in particular trifluoromethanesulphonic acid, as a catalyst.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a process for the preparation of 2-(perfluoroalkyl)ethanethiols R.sub.f CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 SH, R.sub.f denoting a straight-chain or branched perfluoroalkyl radical containing from 2 to 20 carbon atoms. The proceses comprises reacting a 2-(perfluoroalkyl)ethyl iodide with thiourea and then decomposing the isothiouronium salt formed with an alkaline base, and is characterized in that it is carried out in a non-alcoholic inert solvent.

Abstract: Novel polyesteramides and polyetheresteramides are provided which have the formula: ##STR1## wherein A represents a divalent polyamide group,R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 represent hydrogen, or only one of R.sub.3, or R.sub.4 is an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 24 carbon atoms,R.sub.1 is a linear or branched, alkyl radical, or an unsaturated radical containing from 1 to 24 carbon atoms or an aromatic or cycloaliphatic radical,y+z has a value between 2 and 100,n represents a number such that the recurring units constitute a macro molecular chain. These products are obtained by polycondensation of a dicarboxylic polyamide with .alpha., .omega. diol which is a hydroxylated beta-tertiary amine or a polyoxyalkyleneglycol containing in the chain one tertiary amine function.

Abstract: The invention concerns an enhanced oil recovery process improving the gas sweeping of an oil formation reservoir comprising at least one injection, through at least one injection well, either simultaneously or separately, of a plug of solution, preferably aqueous, of at least one surfactant and of a gas and/or steam plug (or "slug"), so as to form a foam.At least a portion of said reservoir is swept by said foam and the hydrocarbons are recovered through at least one producing well. The surfactant complies with the general formula R.sub.F --Y--X wherein R.sub.F is a perfluoric carbon radical, Y is a single bond or a divalent carbon radical containing at least one oxygen, sulfur and/or nitrogen atom, and X is a hydrophilic group.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a vinyl chloride copolymer consisting essentially of the copolymerization reaction product of a vinyl chloride monomer composition and at least one polyfunctional compound; said polyfunctional compound being an alkadiene of the formula:CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--(CH.sub.2).sub.x --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2in which x is a whole number from 1 to 25; said copolymer containing, in moles, from 99 to 99.99% of said monomer composition based on vinyl chloride and correspondingly from 0.01 to 1% of said polyfunctional compound and the process of making such copolymer.

Abstract: A process for preparing vinyl chloride homopolymer or copolymer latexes, comprising carrying out the polymerization of a monomer composition in a reaction medium in emulsion or in microsuspension and continuously condensing a vapor fraction of said monomer composition and continuously refluxing said condensed vapor fraction into said reaction medium, degassing the resultant polymer, and carrying out the polymerization under agitation by means of a paddle agitator with a rotating shaft having at least one paddle and at least one deflector with the speed gredient between said at least one paddle and said at least one deflector being between 5 and 50 s.sup.-1 ; the peripheral rotational speed of the agitator is maintained in the range of about 1.1 to 2.1 meters/second for about 50% to 100% of the duration of the polymerization period preceding the beginning of reflux (P.sub.1) and the period which separates the end of reflux from the beginning of degassing (P.sub.3), and at a speed in the range of about 0.

Abstract: In order to improve the wear resistance properties of lubricants, at least one compound of the following formula is incorporated therein: ##STR1## Rf is a perfluorinated radical, a=0 to 10,b=0 or 1 (if a=o and c=1),c=1 to 4 (2 if a.noteq.0),m=0 or 1,n=0 or 1,X is an aryl radical,Y is a 2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl group,R.sub.1 and R'.sub.1 each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl radical,R.sub.2 and R'.sub.2 each represent a hydrogen atom or an acyl residue, at least one of the symbols R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 being other than H or CH.sub.3 if the sum a+m+n=0.

Abstract: A polyamide powder consisting essentially of elementary porous particles having a "gypsum rose" structure and a process for preparing a polyamide powder comprising polymerizing by anionic polymerization lactam in a solvent medium in the presence of a catalyst, an activator, and at least one amide; one of which is N,N'-alkylene bisamide; said polymerization being initiated with said lactam and said amide used in an amount such that the solvent is in the supersaturated state at the polymerization initiation temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of functionalized derivatives from iodopolyfluoroalkanes by electrochemical reduction. This reduction is carried out in a formamide or substituted formamide solvent which may contain up to 70% (by volume) water, on a carbon cathode; for certain embodiments sulfur dioxide may also be present. This method of preparing perfluoroalkanecarboxylic acids R.sub.F COOH or perfluoroalkanesulphinic acids, R.sub.F SO.sub.2 H and alcohols of the R.sub.F C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OH type, also makes it possible to prepare new fluorinated compounds of formulae: I--(CF.sub.2).sub.p-1 --COOH and HO.sub.2 S--(CF.sub.2).sub.p-1 --COOH, in which p is an even-numbered integer which may range from 4 to 12.

Abstract: A stable homogeneous composition in the form of a microemulsion suitable for making rigid foams comprising a halogenated polyhydroxylated compound, a halogenated alkane, and a surfactant in an amount sufficient to maintain a stable microemulsion.