Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling structure (1) for a cylinder head (2) of an internal combustion engine with at least two exhaust valves (3, 4) and at least one intake valve (5, 6) per cylinder, wherein at least one exhaust valve bridge (8) is located between two adjacent exhaust valves (3, 4) and at least two intake-exhaust valve bridges (10, 11) are located each between an exhaust valve (3, 4) and an adjacent intake valve (5, 6), the cooling structure (1) comprising a lower first cooling jacket (12) adjacent to a fire deck (13) and an upper second cooling jacket (14) adjacent to an intermediate deck (15), the first and second cooling jackets (12, 14) being flow connected by at least one transfer opening (27, 31) of the intermediate deck (15), the first cooling jacket (3) including at least one centre cooling chamber (17) and an outer cooling chamber arrangement with at least one first outer cooling chamber (16), the outer cooling chamber (16) and the centre cooling chamber (17) being flow connected by at

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for checking the efficacy of an exhaust gas after-treatment device (9), especially of a caatlyst, for an internal combustion engine, exhaust gas generated by a donor internal combustion engine (2) flowing through the exhaust gas after-treatment device (9) to be checked. In order to allow the efficacy of an exhaust gas after-treatment device (9) to be checked with a high degree of flexibility and in a simple manner, a partial quantity is withdrawn from the exhaust gas flow of the donor internal combustion engine (2) and is fed to a defined partial inlet cross-section (22) of the exhaust gas after-treatment device (9) to be checked.

Abstract: A four-stroke internal combustion engine having an engine brake, at least one exhaust valve per cylinder, each valve actuated by a camshaft and at least one first valve lever arrangement, and a device which advances the exhaust control, with the valve lever arrangement having an exhaust lever actuated by an exhaust cam and a brake lever actuated by a brake cam. The brake lever has a first brake lever part on the side of the camshaft and a second brake lever part on the side of the exhaust valve, with the two brake lever parts being rotatably mounted independent of each other about a lever axis and being rotationally connectable with each other in engine braking operation by a locking element which is adjustable between two positions.

Abstract: For a method for determining the concentration of aerosols in hot gases, particularly in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, the removal of volatile and semi-volatile particles by heating the exhaust gas is provided, as well as the measurement of the concentration of the aerosols, optionally in a partial flow of an optionally diluted exhaust gas flow. In order to enable precise measurements of the aerosol concentration in the exhaust gas with lower energy consumption, the exhaust gas is divided in a first stage into two partial flows, both of which are heated, with one of the partial flows being filtered at least once, preferably before heating, and the two partial flows are subsequently recombined. In a second stage, the exhaust gas is again divided into two partial flows, with one of the partial flows being heated even further than in the first stage, and with the other partial flow being filtered at least once.

Abstract: In order to be able to superimpose and compare measurement results from test runs in a substantially more effective, faster, and improved manner, a virtual track (A*-B*) is read from a data storage unit (4), wherein the virtual track (A*-B*) is stored as a sequence of geo-coordinates (P) and with corresponding, to the geo-coordinate (P) related data (D) of a vehicle (1*), a driver and/or surroundings of the vehicle (1*), and the virtual track (A*-B*) is used to carry out the test run of the virtual vehicle (1*), wherein measured data (M) on the virtual vehicle (1*) is detected and stored in relation to the geo-coordinate (P) during the test run.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piston (1), comprising a ring carrier (2) and a glass piston (3) for observing processes in a combustion chamber (B) of an internal combustion engine, wherein the glass piston (3) is placed upon the ring carrier (2) and is securely connected thereto in the region of an inner casing surface (8) of the ring carrier (2). In order to avoid overly high heat strain in the glass piston (3), the glass piston (3) is connected to the ring carrier (2) via at least one form-fit connection (20), and preferably via a force-fit connection (30).

Abstract: For continuous measurement of the dynamic fuel consumption of an internal combustion engine with a venting tank (10) which is disposed in a return line (11) from the outflow side (12) of the fuel system (7) and is also connected to the intake line (13) to the fuel system, a filling level regulator (15) is provided at a connection of the venting tank (10) and has a circulation pump (22) as well as a control valve (9) connected thereto, through which the flow passes continuously, and which is opened more or less as a function of the filling level to be regulated. Thus apparent consumptions occurring in specific operating states of the internal combustion engine can be avoided but can also be taken into account as corrections.

Abstract: In a method for determining the flow rate of fluids using the ultrasonic transit time method, the flow speed and therefrom the flow rate of the fluid is determined from the transit time of ultrasound signals through the measurement section. In order to take into account the change in the transmission function of the ultrasonic converters, which change acts as a drift of the measurement variable, the transmission function of the measurement section is determined at least approximately, and at least one ultrasonic transit time is corrected by means of a correction value that is determined from the group transit time of the transmission function.

Abstract: A battery system having a battery, an overcurrent switch-off device in which a first current range with a maximum switchable current, and a second switch-off current range having a minimum switchable current. The maximum switchable current of the first current range and the minimum switchable current of the second current range lie above a maximum current of an operating current range, and the switchable current of the second switch-off current range is at least predominantly greater than the switchable current of the first switch-off current range.

Abstract: It relates to a valve actuating device (4) for variable valve control, wherein at least one articulation point (16, 18) between the valve lever (9) and the gas exchange valve (2, 3) or a force transmission element which acts on the gas exchange valve (2, 3) is configured so as to be adjustable via an adjusting device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cylinder head (1) for an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder, having at least one valve seat ring (3) for a lifting valve, wherein the valve seat ring (3) is surrounded by an annular cooling channel (4) for a coolant which is formed at least partially into the cylinder head (1), wherein the cooling channel (4) surrounds the valve seat ring at least partially and extends between at least one inlet (5, 15, 25) and at least one outlet (6). In order to reduce the valve wear, it is provided feat, as viewed in a section perpendicularly with respect to the axis (3a) of the valve seat ring (3), the cooling channel (4) has at least one preferably substantially crescent-shaped bulge (10) in the region of the inlet (5, 55, 25) and/or the outlet (6).

Abstract: In order to reduce the excitation of vibrations and resonances in a test bed (1) for a real component (4) and a virtual component (5), one of the following method steps is provided: a) determining a first correction value (K1) from the measured variable (M), wherein the first correction value (K1) is added to the measured variable (M) and the sum is communicated as a corrected measured variable (M*) to the virtual component (5) for calculating the control variable (S), b) determining a second correction value (K2) from the calculated control variable (S), wherein the second correction value (K2) is added to the calculated control variable (S) and the sum is transferred as a corrected control variable (S*) to the actuator (3), c) determining a third correction value (K3) from the measured variable (M), wherein the third correction value (K3) is used to modify a parameter (P) of the equation of movement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cylinder head (1) for an internal combustion engine having at least one fire-face-side first cooling chamber (5a) and one second cooling chamber (5b), which adjoins the first cooling chamber (5a) in the axial direction of the cylinder, the first and second cooling chambers (5a, 5b) being separated from each other by means of an intermediate plate (7), a central receptacle (4) being arranged for an injection nozzle or ignition device for each cylinder (Z), and the first and second cooling chambers (5a, 5b) being flow-connected to each other in the region of the central receptacle (4); and having at least two, preferably CZ four gas exchange valve openings (2, 3) per cylinder (Z), the first cooling chamber (5a) having a radial cooling duct (11, 12, 13, 14) in the region of at least one valve bridge (20, 21, 22, 23) between two gas exchange valve openings (2, 3).

Abstract: The invention relates to a dual clutch transmission (10) for a motor vehicle, having an input shaft (11) and a main shaft (13), wherein the input shaft (11) can be connected to a first counter shaft (16) via all engageable first clutch (18) and to a second counter shaft (17) via an engageable second clutch (19), wherein the first counter shaft (16) and the second counter shaft (17) can each be drivingly connected to the main shaft (13) via at least one gear stage (ZA1, ZA2, ZA3, ZA4, ZA5, ZR1) which can he selected via a selector device (20), and wherein a range group transmission (21) is arranged between the main shaft (13) and an output shaft (12) of the dual clutch transmission.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cylinder head (1) for an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder, having at least one valve seat ring (3) for a lifting valve, wherein the valve seat ring (3) is surrounded by an annular cooling duct (4) for a coolant that is at least partly molded into the cylinder head (1), wherein the cooling duct (4) at least partly surrounds the valve seat ring and extends between an inlet (5, 15, 25) and at least one outlet (6). In order to reduce the valve wear, provision is made for a plurality of inlets (5, 15, 25) to open into the cooling duct (4), wherein the inlets (5, 15, 25) are preferably arranged asymmetrically in relation to a meridian plane (?) of the valve seat ring (3) through the outlet (6).

Abstract: A cylinder head with liquid cooling, and which has an intake port which opens into a combustion chamber, an exhaust port per cylinder, a fuel injection device which opens into the combustion chamber and which adjoins the intake port and the exhaust port, and at least one cooling chamber which is arranged in the cylinder head. A cooling distribution duct, which is drilled or pre-cast, is arranged in a region of the fire deck, and extends substantially parallel to the fire deck and opens into an annular chamber surrounding the fuel injection device. The annular chamber has at least one substantially radial first cooling bore which is directed towards a valve web region formed between the intake port and the exhaust port and which adjoins the fire deck.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine that includes at least one cylinder with at least one piston reciprocating in a cylinder liner; a piston cooling device to cool the piston, and which includes at least one spraying tube with a spray nozzle which is directed towards a bottom side of the piston facing a crankcase, the at least one spraying tube being fixed to the cylinder liner; and a connecting channel arrangement to fluidically connect the spraying tube to an oil supply channel arranged in a cylinder block, the connecting channel arrangement including at least one connecting channel formed at least partly in the cylinder liner, and at least one curved connecting channel. In order to ensure reliable piston cooling, the connecting channel arrangement includes at least one curved connecting channel.

Abstract: To determine a model for an output quantity (y) of a technical system that is dependent in a nonlinear manner on a number of input quantities in the form of an input quantity vector (u), a target output quantity range (COR) is defined and a model-based experimental design is determined with which the model is parameterized in the target output quantity range (COR) through the selection of associated input quantity vectors (Ucand,COR).

Abstract: A condensation particle counter comprising a saturation unit (1) and a downstream condensation unit (2), through which at least one channel (5) for an aerosol flow passes between an inlet (3) and an outlet (4) that leads to a counting unit (16). The saturation unit (1) and the condensation unit (2) comprise a shell sleeve (12) having an inner shell wall (21) that is penetrated by a core (6), the core wall (20) and the inner shell wall (21) delimiting a channel (5) formed therebetween.

Abstract: A work vehicle includes an engine mounted to a vehicle body frame. A cooling fan unit is arranged on one side of the engine. A coolant fluid radiator is arranged on an opposite side of the cooling fan unit. A cooling unit is arranged on an opposite side of the coolant fluid radiator. A link mechanism connects the cooling unit such that a distance between the cooling unit and the coolant fluid radiator can be changed. The link mechanism can utilize a four-link mechanism having a pair of upper links and a pair of lower links.