Abstract: A method for optimizing vehicles and engines that are used for driving such vehicles includes the steps of taking measurements during real operation of the vehicle on the road or on a roller-type test stand, or the engine on an engine test stand; parameterizing a simulation model representing the vehicle or the engine so as to be able to arithmetically determine a prediction about the measured values obtained by means of the measurements; simulating the vehicle by using the simulation model, additionally calculating at least one drivability index (DR) which results from several measured values based on an empirically determined function and which indicates the drivability of a vehicle in a specific driving mode; and optimizing the settings of the vehicle during the simulation, at least one drivability index (DR) being input into the target function or the fringe conditions of the optimization process.

Abstract: For the determination of a non-linear controller for a non-linear system it is proposed that a parameter set (KPID(k)) of the controller (1) is determined by means of an optimization using a multi-criteria evolutionary algorithm, in which algorithm a plurality of parameter sets (KPIS(k)), which each represent a possible solution of the optimization, are determined in each evolution step and at least two quality values (fi) are determined for each parameter set (KPID(k)) and the quality values (fi) are optimized by the multi-criteria evolutionary algorithm.

Abstract: A rotary piston machine is disclosed. In one aspect, the machine includes a shaft and a shaft encoder including a first structure, based on which the rotational speed and/or the rotational position of the shaft can be determined by scanning the first structure with a sensor. The shaft encoder has a rotationally asymmetrical mass distribution in order to produce an imbalance.

Abstract: In a flow meter with a displacement meter (1) a parallel-connected pressure difference sensor (3) has a bypass channel (8) which frees a connection between the inflow side and the outflow side (4, 5) when a piston (7) butts against a maximum stroke stop (9). In the bypass channel (8) is a check valve (11) which prevents the backflow from the outflow side to the inflow side (5, 4) and thus enables a return of the piston (7) purely due to pressure.

Abstract: In order to create a control observer for any battery type in a structured and at least partially automated manner, first, a nonlinear model of the battery, in form of a local model network including a number of local, linear, time-invariant, and dynamic models, which each have validity in specific ranges of the input variables, is determined from the measuring data of a previously ascertained, optimized experimental design via a data-based modeling method. For each local model (LMi) of the model network determined in this manner, a local observer is then determined. The control observer (13) for estimating the SoC then results from a linear combination of the local observers.

Abstract: Method for simulation of an internal combustion engine comprising a number (cyltotal) of cylinders (Ncyl), wherein simulation output parameters (X, ?) of the cylinders (Ncyl) are calculated based on the angular position (?CS) of a crank shaft and which comprises the steps of grouping the cylinders (Ncyl) into a number (gtotal) of cylinder groups (Gg), wherein each cylinder group (Gg) comprises a number (itotal) of cylinders (Mg,i); designating one cylinder (Mg,1) of each group as a master cylinder and all other cylinders (Mg,i) in the same group as slave cylinders; and for each simulation time step calculating current simulation output parameters (X, ?) of the master cylinder for at least one crank-angle position (?stor,x) by simulation of the master cylinder (Mg,1) and storing the output parameters; and determining simulation output parameters of the slave cylinders (Mg,i) at the current angular position (?g,i) of the respective slave cylinder by mapping of previous simulation output parameters ([X],[?]), wh

Abstract: For a control of an electric motor (2) of a drive train (1) of a hybrid vehicle, which control can be implemented and carried out in a simple manner, it is proposed to detect the shaft torque (TW) of the engine shaft (11) of the current work cycle (n) of the internal combustion engine (3) and to feed it to a compensation controller (K), to store the shaft torque (TW(n?1)) of a preceding work cycle (n?1) of the internal combustion engine (3) in the compensation controller (K), and to calculate a compensated shaft torque (Tkomp) from the shaft torque (TW(n)) of the current work cycle (n), the shaft torque (TW(n?1)) of a previous work cycle (n?1) and the shaft torque of a previous work cycle (n?1) shifted by a system delay, which compensated shaft torque (Tkomp) is linked to a target torque (Tsoll) predefined by a higher-level control unit (15) to determine the controlling torque (Tstell).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine (1) with an exhaust system (4), especially a gas engine, where a first partial exhaust gas flow (6) is led through a first exhaust gas turbine (8) of a first exhaust gas turbocharger (9) and a second partial exhaust gas flow (7) is led through a second exhaust gas turbine (12), the exhaust gas being passed through the first and second exhaust gas turbines (8, 12) in parallel flows, where the second partial exhaust gas flow (7) is controlled, and where in at least one operating range of the engine the second partial exhaust gas flow (7) is controlled by the second exhaust gas turbine (12).

Abstract: In order to effectively protect a particle measuring device (8) against temperatures that are too high and/or too low, it is provided that the temperature (T) of the sample gas is measured upstream of a first temperature-sensitive sample gas processing or sample gas measuring device (20, 21, 22, 42) in the particle measuring device (8) and that the measured temperature (T) is compared with a first and/or second limit value (To, Tu) and that the particle measuring device (8) is switched into a safe mode if the measured temperature (T) exceeds the first limit value (To) or falls below the second limit value (Tu).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method the assessing the controllability of a vehicle by a driver in a risky or problematic situation. In order to carry out assessment of the controllability of a vehicle early, the following steps are provided: a. modelling the drive train and the movement dynamics of the vehicle, b. modelling situation conditions and environmental conditions, c. selecting a risky or problematic situation, d. selecting a driver capability type, e. modelling the driver's reaction as a function of the selected driver capability type. f. simulating the dynamic vehicle behaviour in the longitudinal and transverse directions of a planned trajectory on the basis of the drive train model and movement dynamics model for the predefined situation and environmental conditions when the selected risky or problematic situation occurs, g.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multistage gearbox for motor vehicles, having a plurality of forward gears and at least one reverse gear, consisting of a plurality of 3-shaft gearboxes and a plurality of shifting elements, with a driveshaft (W1), an output shaft (W2) and a plurality of gearbox shafts, differential shifts and sum shafts, wherein: a first differential shaft (d1.1) of a first 3-shaft gearbox (RS1) is connected for conjoint rotation to a first differential shaft (d1.2) of a second 3-shaft gearbox (RS2); the driveshaft (W1) and a sum shaft (s2) of the second 3-shaft gearbox (RS2) are connected for conjoint rotation; a fourth gearbox shaft (W6; W76) and a second differential shaft (d2.2) of the second 3-shaft gearbox (RS2) are connected for conjoint rotation; the fourth gearbox shaft (W6; W76) or a fifth gearbox shaft (W7) is connected for conjoint rotation to a first differential shaft (d1.3) of a third 3-shaft gearbox (RS3); and a third gearbox shaft (W5) and a second differential shaft (d2.

Abstract: For an efficient, economical and at the same time flexibly usable or configurable test arrangement for energy storage devices consisting of a plurality of energy storage modules each comprising a plurality of energy storage units, it is proposed that an AC/DC converter (2) is connected on the output side to at least one bidirectional isolated module DC/DC converter (51 . . . 5n), wherein the output of the bidirectional isolated module DC/DC converter (51 . . . 5n) is connected to a plurality of parallel-connected cell DC/DC converters (611 . . . 6nm) and the outputs of the cell DC/DC converters (611 . . . 6nm) are brought out as outputs (A1+, A1? . . . Ax+, Ax?) of the test arrangement (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a transmission (1) that comprises a drive train having a primary drive with a primary drive shaft (16), particularly for a vehicle, and that comprises a Ravigneaux planetary gearset (2) which has a double planetary gear with two sun gear shafts (10, 13), one planetary carrier shaft (18) and at least one ring gear shaft (12), as well as an upstream single planetary gearset (3) which is designed as a reduction gearing and comprises the gear elements of sun gear (5a), planetary carrier (8a) and ring gear (6a). A first of said gear elements of the single planetary gear set (2), particularly the sun gear (5a), is designed to be fixed to a housing. According to the invention, at least one first element of said Ravigneaux planetary gear set (2) is drive-connected, preferably permanently, to a secondary drive (21) which is particularly preferred to be in the form of an electrical machine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for monitoring at least one exhaust gas turbocharger (ATL) of a large internal combustion engine (BKM), comprising at least one compressor (1a) and one exhaust gas turbine (1b) arranged on the same shaft as the compressor, wherein the current pressures (p1, p2) upstream and downstream of the compressor (1a) and the current temperatures (T1, T4) upstream of the compressor (1a) and upstream of the exhaust gas turbine (1b) are measured.

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal combustion engine (1) having a cylinder head (2) which is configured jointly for a plurality of cylinders (Z) and a liner unit (3) for a plurality of cylinders (Z) which is fastened to the cylinder head (2), wherein a cooling jacket arrangement having at least one cooling jacket (6, 7) is formed into the liner unit (3), which cooling jacket arrangement preferably surrounds the cylinders (Z). In order to avoid deformations of the liner unit (3), it is provided that the liner unit (3) has a clearance with respect to a surrounding cylinder housing (9).

Abstract: When arrangements with a repeating working cycle such as, for example, in the case of engine test benches, are being controlled, resonances which have to be damped by the control system are often excited by the test specimen (for example an internal combustion engine) in the working range of the arrangement. The invention proposes for this purpose a control concept in which a modified actual value rist—mod is determined from a current actual value rist—akt of the control system and from a predicted imminent system-delay-free actual value on the basis of the actual value of a previous working cycle, and said modified actual value rist—mod is fed to the control system.

Abstract: In processing devices, in particular in measuring, test or control units for the drivetrain or components thereof, it is often necessary to combine signals or data of different synchronization sources with one another or to process them whilst maintaining the original temporal relation. In order to achieve this, the signals or data have hitherto often been synchronized to a specific clock source, but this is frequently not possible. Therefore, a method and a device are specified which enable the processing of data or signals with different synchronization sources in a processing device by virtue of the fact that a dedicated time level is introduced for each synchronization source in the processing device, the temporal reference of the associated data and signals being retained in the time levels. The signals and data are processed in the time levels with the temporal original reference being maintained.

Abstract: So as to verify compliance with limit values for harmful substances, large engines today must be tested in accordance with the regulations of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Presently neither a standardized measuring method nor a standard exists with respect to particulate emissions (ultrafine particles). The invention relates to the creation of a standardized transport system having the lowest possible loss for measuring ultrafine particles of aircraft engines, which can be operated simultaneously with the harmful substance measurement of aircraft engines stipulated until now. Appropriate instruments for measuring the particle count, mass and size distribution can be connected to this transport system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drive train (1) for a vehicle, in particular an electric vehicle with a range extender, comprising a first electric machine (2) which is drivingly connected to at least one drive shall (8) of the vehicle by means of a planet gear (5) which comprises a first, second and third planet gear element (5a, 5b, 5c), also comprising a second electric machine (3) which is connected to the first electric machine (2) by means of the planet gear, and an internal combustion engine (4) which is connected to the first electric machine (2). A compact power train having a high degree of variability is thus produced such that a shiftable first clutch (9) is arranged between the internal combustion engine (4) and the second electric machine (3).

Abstract: The invention relates to an exhaust gas cleaning device (2) for an internal combustion engine, with an injection module (1) for a reduction agent, particularly urea, having a housing (3) with a main chamber (4), in which main chamber (4) a mixing tube (5) is arranged downstream of a metering chamber (6) into which the reduction agent is injected by means of an injection device (11). The injection module (1) for exhaust gas has at least one first inlet (8) into the main chamber (4) and at least one first outlet (7b) out of the mixing tube (5). In order to achieve a high exhaust gas quality in as simple and space-saving a manner as possible, the metering chamber (6) has at least one second inlet (12) for exhaust gas, the main chamber (4) has at least one second outlet (9) for exhaust gas, and the main chamber (4) is separated in a gas-tight manner from the metering chamber (6) and from the interior (5a) of the mixing tube (5).