Abstract: So as to verify compliance with limit values for harmful substances, large engines today must be tested in accordance with the regulations of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Presently neither a standardized measuring method nor a standard exists with respect to particulate emissions (ultrafine particles). The invention relates to the creation of a standardized transport system having the lowest possible loss for measuring ultrafine particles of aircraft engines, which can be operated simultaneously with the harmful substance measurement of aircraft engines stipulated until now. Appropriate instruments for measuring the particle count, mass and size distribution can be connected to this transport system.

Abstract: A method for processing data with parameters of a vehicle, power train or power train component of different origin comprises reading out of the data and the carrying out a statistical analysis for determining the minimum and maximum axis values of the data associated with the same parameters. Subsequently, the data is converted and compressed into a common format, and the data associated with the same parameters is provided with common axes and the same number of sampling points, wherein the start and end figures of the axes results from the minimum and maximum axis figures. The data processed in this way may then be subjected to further processing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining critical operating states in a fuel cell stack, consisting of single cells connected in series, wherein a low-frequency current or voltage signal is applied to the fuel cell stack, the resulting voltage or current signal is measured and the distortion factor thd is determined. According to the invention, the weighted sum of a term dependent on the membrane resistance Rm and a term dependent on the distortion factor thd is used to determine an indicator THDAdryout correlating with the drying out of the fuel cell membranes of the fuel cell stack, the membrane resistance Rm being detected by impedance measurement.

Abstract: In a process for testing the powertrain of vehicles that are at least in part electrically driven, the voltage supplied to the powertrain is controlled by a controller coupled with a simulation system for the energy storage system in a way that the voltage acts dynamically as for a real energy storage system. The controller is designed with a model based controller design method, with a load model of the powertrain being used in the model of the controlled system.

Abstract: For a method for testing a vehicle or components thereof which is as flexible as possible, it is proposed that a test control unit 3 generates or plays back a virtual world which contains both a virtual vehicle state and a virtual vehicle environment, and the test control unit 3 manipulates a number of sensors and/or actuators of the real vehicle 1 according to the requirements of the virtual world and, at the same time, activates a driving state actuator 2 according to the requirements of the virtual world, and the driving state actuator 2 generates the instantaneous vehicle state and the instantaneous vehicle environment in the virtual world by introducing additional forces or moments into the real vehicle 1 so that the real vehicle 1 experiences the vehicle state and the vehicle environment from the virtual world on the real test track 4.

Abstract: In a method for operating a high-temperature fuel cell, which in normal mode of generating electrical power is supplied with liquid fuel, preferably diesel oil, and is preceded on the anode side by a reformer for liquid fuel, where at least part of the hot anode exhaust gas is recirculated into the anode circuit via a recirculation line. Upstream of a compressor preceding the reformer the liquid fuel is sprayed or injected into the hot anode exhaust gas, the quantity of air needed for reforming the liquid fuel being added to the mixture of anode exhaust gas and fuel. On change-over from normal operational mode to standby mode without power generation, the supply of liquid fuel and air is stopped and the gas mixture present in the anode circuit be permanently circulated. A defined amount of air being introduced into the anode circuit in order to remove deposits and contaminations in the high-temperature fuel cell following standby operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a length-adjustable con rod (1) for a reciprocating piston engine, particularly an internal combustion engine, having at least a first and a second rod part (2, 4), wherein the two rod parts (2, 4) can be pushed together and/or inside one another in a telescoping manner, wherein the second rod part (4) forms a guide cylinder (4a) and the first rod part (2) a piston element (3) which can be pushed longitudinally in the guide cylinder (4a), wherein a high-pressure chamber (4b), into which at least one oil channel (10) opens, is clamped between the first and the second rod parts (2, 4). To enable the compression ratio to be adjusted in the simplest and most reliable manner possible, according to the invention the two rod parts (2, 4) can be fixed, by a locking device (32), relative to one another in at least one position, preferably corresponding to a minimum length of the con rod (1).

Abstract: A method for testing electrical energy storage systems for driving vehicles provides that the load current of the energy storage system traces by means of a control loop, if possible without delay, a reference current that varies over time according to predetermined test cycles. The control loop is created by means of a model-based controller design method in which a model of the impedance of the energy storage system is integrated in the model of the controlled system.

Abstract: Specific tests on vehicles or parts thereof must be performed and analyzed according to a prescribed standard. The verification of an automation system for performing such a test and the final result of such a test is a complex and time-consuming procedure, however. So as not to have to repeat the complex verification in the case of changes in the automation system, it is proposed that the correctness of a test run only be checked once and in the case of established correctness, the reference data defining the test run be stored as the reference standard. If a change is performed in the automation system, it is sufficient to perform the test run again and to compare the reference data of the reference standard to the new reference data.

Abstract: For a method for determining the concentration of aerosols in hot gases, particularly in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, the removal of volatile and semi-volatile particles by heating the exhaust gas is provided, as well as the measurement of the concentration of the aerosols, optionally in a partial flow of an optionally diluted exhaust gas flow. In order to enable precise measurements of the aerosol concentration in the exhaust gas with lower energy consumption, the exhaust gas is divided in a first stage into two partial flows, both of which are heated, with one of the partial flows being filtered at least once, preferably before heating, and the two partial flows are subsequently recombined. In a second stage, the exhaust gas is again divided into two partial flows, with one of the partial flows being heated even further than in the first stage, and with the other partial flow being filtered at least once.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine (1), in particular having compression ignition, comprising at least one SCR catalytic converter (5) in the exhaust gas system (3) and an exhaust gas recirculation valve (8), wherein the exhaust gas recirculation amount and/or the position of the exhaust gas recirculation valve (8) is controlled in accordance with the NOx concentration upstream of the SCR catalytic converter (5) in such a way that a NOx concentration (NOxI1) measured by at least one first NOx sensor (6) upstream of the SCR catalytic converter (5) corresponds to a specified NOx concentration target value (NOxs).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder with a reciprocating piston, and in which the cylinder head and the cylinder block are integrally arranged as a head-block unit, having at least one exhaust-gas turbocharger.

Abstract: A liquid-cooled internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder with a cylinder head in which there are disposed a lower partial cooling chamber adjacent to a fire deck and an upper partial cooling chamber which is flow-connected thereto by way of at least one main overflow aperture.

Abstract: To enable testing of a starter motor on a test beach with an electrical dynamometer as a replacement for the real combustion engine, a simulation unit (20) is provided in which a mathematical model of the combustion engine is implemented, and the simulation unit (20) determines a new load setpoint (ns, Ts) using the mathematical model from measured actual values (?i, ni, Ti) of the operation of the electrical dynamometer (3) at every scanning time point of the regulation, which new load setpoint (ns, Ts) is fed to the regulator (21).

Abstract: Solving a multidimensional multicriteria optimization problem is difficult because the correlations and dependencies between solutions, target functions, and variation variables can be detected only with difficulty. In order to facilitate this, it is proposed that a model space (1) and a variation space (2) are displayed simultaneously and in an interactively linked fashion.

Abstract: A cylinder head (1) for an internal combustion engine with liquid cooling and a liquid-cooled exhaust manifold (8) and which is arranged integrally with the cylinder head (1) includes at least one first and one second cooling chamber (4, 9) through which a coolant flows, and with the region of the exhaust manifold (8) being enclosed at least partly by the second cooling chamber. In order to ensure by way of simple production the optimal removal of heat from thermally critical regions, the first and second cooling chambers are flow-connected via at least one borehole (10) with one another.

Abstract: A hydrodynamic torque generator (3) for test benches is provided with at least one inlet valve and at least one outlet valve and with at least one control device for valve positioning coupled to these valves. By implementing a control system, which consists of an open-loop feed-forward controller and a closed-loop feedback controller, in the control device, a machine of this kind can also be used in dynamic test benches.

Abstract: A method for detecting the number of particles in the exhaust gas of combustion engines, wherein a value that is characteristic for the quantity of the particles is determined, for example, in form of the blackening of a filter or determination of the concentration, wherein, furthermore, the suction time and/or the suction volume of the exhaust gas are measured, and wherein, if necessary, the blackening rate is calculated, based on the characteristic value and the suction time and/or the suction volume by way of a first conversion function, wherein the number of particles is determined based on the characteristic value, the suction time and/or the suction volume as well as the data of the first conversion function by way of a second conversion function.

Abstract: To be able to simulate any desired kind of driving state with a test vehicle it is envisioned to connect an active secondary vehicle 2 to the front or rear of the test vehicle 1, and wherein the secondary vehicle 2 is equipped with its own drive and load device 3 by which the test vehicle 1 is braked and/or pushed additionally to its own deceleration and/or acceleration.

Abstract: A cylinder head with liquid cooling, and which has an intake port which opens into a combustion chamber, an exhaust port per cylinder, a fuel injection device which opens into the combustion chamber and which adjoins the intake port and the exhaust port, and at least one cooling chamber which is arranged in the cylinder head. A cooling distribution duct, which is drilled or pre-cast, is arranged in a region of the fire deck, and extends substantially parallel to the fire deck and opens into an annular chamber surrounding the fuel injection device. The annular chamber has at least one substantially radial first cooling bore which is directed towards a valve web region formed between the intake port and the exhaust port and which adjoins the fire deck.