Abstract: A method of inspecting a substrate with first and second layers thereon is disclosed. The method includes directing a beam of electromagnetic radiation at an acute angle towards an edge of the layers, detecting scattered and/or reflected electromagnetic radiation, and establishing, from results of the detecting, whether an edge of the second layer overlaps an edge of the first layer.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for the preparation, by torrefaction, of a solid fuel wherein a starting composition is heated indirectly. The present invention also relates to a solid fuel to be obtained by such method. The present application further relates to a method for the removal of one or more metals from or the reduction of the “total chlorine content”, the sulphur content and the trace element content of a solid fuel thus obtained. In addition to that, the present invention relates to a solid fuel, which can be obtained by the carrying out of such a method. Finally, the present invention relates to the uses of such solid fuels.

Abstract: A disconnectable mooring assembly for a vessel comprises a mooring buoy and a swivel positioned above the mooring buoy. The mooring buoy is provided with a central member for being anchored to the seabed and comprises a number of passages each adapted for receiving a riser. The mooring buoy further comprises an outer member surrounding the central member and capable of a rotation relative thereto. Said outer member is adapted to be housed in and locked to a corresponding receiving opening of the vessel. The swivel is located above the mooring buoy in such a manner that an interspace is defined between the mooring buoy and the swivel.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus is disclosed that includes a table, at least two target portions on the table or on an object on the table, and a surface material between the at least two target portions. The apparatus further includes an optical system configured to project a beam of radiation, along an optical path towards the table, with a cross-section to irradiate the at least two target portions at the same time. The apparatus further includes a shield moveable into the optical path to restrict the cross-section of the beam of radiation to restrict illumination between the at least two target portions, wherein the surface material between the at least two target portions would degrade when irradiated with radiation from the optical system.

Abstract: Power consumption of near-field communication devices is regulated by waking the device for communications when a potential external near-field device is detected, and by adjusting the resonant antenna circuit to account for the detected change in antenna environment. Such near-field communication devices, which may be used to detect and read external RFID tags, include a resonant loop antenna circuit having an antenna and a variable component, the antenna circuit being tunable by adjusting the variable component. The antenna has a target range of operation for near-field communication, and an inductance that is susceptible to interference that can alter the target range.

Abstract: A polyetherimide composition comprising a polyetherimide manufactured by reaction of an alkali metal salt of a dihydroxy aromatic compound with a bis(halophthalimide) composition comprising, based on the weight of the bis(halophthalimide) composition, at least 15 wt. % of a 3,3?-bis(halophthalimide) of the formula from more than 17 wt. % to less than 85 wt. % of a 4,3?-bis(halophthalimide) of the formula from more than 0 to less than 27 wt.

Abstract: A clustered substrate processing system comprising one or more lithography elements, each lithography element arranged for independent exposure of substrates according to pattern data. Each lithography element comprises a plurality of lithography subsystems, a control network arranged for communication of control information between the lithography subsystems and at least one element control unit for transmitting commands to and receiving responses from the lithography subsystems. Each lithography element also comprises a cluster front-end for interface to an operator or host system. The front-end is arranged for issuing a process program to the element control unit, the process program comprising a set of predefined commands and associated parameters, each command corresponding to a predefined action or sequence of actions to be performed by one or more of the lithography subsystems, and the parameters further defining how the action or sequence of actions are to be performed.

Abstract: A portable device, which is unrelated to an ETC system, includes a processor, a GPS receiver, a memory, a wireless interface enabling wireless access to an outside server. The memory stores a program which, when executed by the processor, causes the device to obtain map information and toll gate information by accessing the outside server, periodically obtain a location of the device by using the GPS receiver and record the location in the memory so as to create location history data in the memory. The program also enables the device to determine whether or not the device passes a toll gate based on the location, the map information and the toll gate information and to record a toll amount of the toll gate according to the toll information in the location history data in the memory.

Abstract: A apparatus having a projection system to project a plurality of radiation beams onto a substrate, wherein the plurality of radiation beams includes a first group of one or more radiation beams formed from radiation within a first wavelength range and a second group of one or more radiation beams formed from radiation within a second wavelength range, different from the first wavelength range. The apparatus also has a dispersion element configured such that one or more radiation beams of the first group are incident on the dispersion element at a different angle from the one or more radiation beams of the second group and such that the one or more radiation beams of the first and second group output from the dispersion element are substantially parallel.

Abstract: A connector that includes a carabiner and an insert is provided. The base of the insert has a length that extends between a first end and a second end and a width that extends between a first side edge and a second side edge. A barrel connector of the insert centrally extends from the first side edge of the base. The barrel connector receives a barrel of a gate of the carabiner. A first ear extends from the second side edge of the base proximate the first end of the base. The first ear includes a first carabiner retaining channel that selectively engages a first portion of the carabiner. A second ear extends from the second side edge of the base proximate the second end of the base. The second ear includes a second carabiner retaining channel that selectively engages a second portion of the carabiner.

Abstract: Described herein is a method of processing a pattern layout for a lithographic process, the method comprising: identifying a feature from a plurality of features of the layout, the feature violating a pattern layout requirement; and reconfiguring the feature, wherein the reconfigured feature still violates the pattern layout requirement, the reconfiguring including evaluating a cost function that measures a lithographic metric affected by a change to the feature and a parameter characteristic of relaxation of the pattern layout requirement.

Abstract: An energy absorber is provided that includes a first energy absorbing webbing, a second energy absorbing webbing and a plurality of connecting fibers. The plurality of connecting fibers couple at least a portion of the first energy absorbing webbing to at least a portion of the second energy absorbing webbing. The plurality of connecting fibers are configured and arranged to form at least two different tear strength areas in the at least one portion of the first energy absorbing webbing coupled to the at least one portion of the second webbing. The at least two different tear strength areas having select tear strengths.

Abstract: A sealing assembly for providing in an opening a sealing through which at least one cable, pipe or duct extends is disclosed. The assembly includes a transit-unit of a relatively inflexible material, wherein the transit-unit comprises one or a plurality of conduits extending in a longitudinal direction of the transit-unit. Each conduit is suitable for receiving at least one of the at least one cable, pipe or duct. A method for providing in an opening a sealing system through which at least one cable, pipe or duct extends is disclosed. The method includes providing a transit-unit of a relatively inflexible material, wherein the transit-unit comprises one or a plurality of conduits extending in a longitudinal direction of the transit-unit. Each conduit is suitable for receiving at least one of the at least one cable, pipe or duct.

Abstract: A coupler head for a coupling arrangement is shown, which coupler head includes a coupler head housing (6) extending in a longitudinal direction from a first end (6a), attachable to a drawbar, to a second end (6b), which is arranged to carry a coupling interface between coupled rail vehicles, which coupler head housing houses mechanical coupling components (8,9) effective for automatic coupling to the corresponding components of a connecting coupling arrangement. The coupler head is characterized in that the coupler head housing has at least one notch (11, 11?) for a predetermined and primarily axial compression thereof with absorption of energy from a deforming compressive force that is applied to the coupler head in the longitudinal direction thereof. The coupler head has preferably at least one notch (11, 11?) for a predetermined folding of the coupler head housing.

Abstract: An electrowetting element comprising a first fluid and a second fluid which are immiscible with each other and are switchable between a first configuration and a second configuration by changing a voltage applied to at least one of the first and second fluids, wherein less than or equal to 35 wt % of the second fluid is water and a balancing wt % of the second fluid comprises at least one non-aqueous component.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a hearing aid include a mechanism to detect the presence of a magnetic field using a magnetic sensing device disposed in a hearing aid, to digitally modify a frequency response of the hearing aid in response to the detection of the presence, and to modify the frequency response of the hearing aid in response to the magnetic sensing device determining removal of the magnetic field.

Abstract: A controllable glazing, containing at least a first and a second reflective polarizer and a liquid-crystal-dye layer. The liquid-crystal-dye-layer is arranged between the first and the second reflective polarizer. The alignment of the dichroic dye and the alignment of the liquid crystal of the liquid-crystal-dye-layer are changeable. The first and the second reflective polarizer are denoted for electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of ?1 to ?2 and the liquid-crystal-dye-layer is selected such that the electromagnetic radiation transmission through the controllable glazing is controlled in the wavelength range of ?3 to ?4 by dye-absorbance and in the wavelength range ?1 to ?2 by alignment of the liquid crystal and the dye in the liquid-crystal-dye layer. The wavelength range of ?1 to ?2 is within the wavelength range of 750 nm to 2000 nm and the wavelength range of ?3 to ?4 is within the wavelength range of 380 nm to 750 nm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a circuit (100) comprising a transistor (110) coupled between a supply voltage line (102) and ground (106), the transistor comprising a control terminal coupled to a input signal line (104), the circuit further comprising first and second bipolar transistors (122, 124) coupled in series between the input signal line (104) and ground (106), wherein the base of the first bipolar transistor is connected to the input signal line and the base of the second bipolar transistor is connected to ground.

Abstract: A shading assembly for shading an opening with at least two opposite opening sides in a structure comprises a flexible shading member which is movable between a position completely covering said opening and a position at least partially freeing said opening. Said flexible shading member is defined by two shading member parts which each have a first edge connected to one of said opposite opening sides and an opposite second edge, wherein said second edges of both shading member parts together define an elongate releasable connection device of the type further comprising a movable operating member which upon movement along said second edges connects or disconnects said second edges.

Abstract: A self-retracting lifeline comprises a drum including first and second sides operatively connected to a base. A rotor includes a receiving portion and is operatively connected to the base. A pawl is pivotally operatively connected to the rotor, and a biasing member is positioned between the rotor and the pawl to place a biasing force upon the pawl. A bracket member includes a cavity and a stop member extending into the cavity. The cavity is configured and arranged to receive the drum, the rotor, the pawl, and the spring. The drum is rotatably operatively connected to the bracket member and the pawl is positioned proximate the stop member. The pawl and the biasing member are held in place by the first side of the base, the rotor, and the bracket member.