Abstract: In antifoams based on oil-in-water emulsions, the oil phase of the emulsion contains(a) C.sub.12 -C.sub.26 -alcohols, distillation residues obtained in the preparation of alcohols by an oxosynthesis or by the Ziegler process and/or(b) fatty acid esters of C.sub.12 -C.sub.22 -carboxylic acids with monohydric, dihydric or trihydric C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alcohols, with or without(c) a hydrocarbon having a boiling point above 200.degree. C. or fatty acids of 12 to 22 carbon atoms,constitutes from 15 to 60% by weight of the emulsion and has a mean droplet size of from 0.5 to 15 .mu.m. The emulsions are stabilized by the addition of from 0.05 to 0.5% by weight, based on the total emulsion, of a high molecular weight water-soluble homopolymer or copolymer of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide or methacrylamide.

Abstract: Improved lakes based on basic dyes and heteropolyacids (PM, PTM, SM, PSTM and STM) are prepared by a process in which the lakes are heated to 50.degree.-100.degree. C. at pH 2-5 in the presence of (1) primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic amines, (2) alkylamino-C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 -alkanoic acids, (3) diaryl- or triarylamines, (4) acidic or neutral phosphates based on fatty alcohols, their ethylene oxide or propylene oxide/ethylene oxide adducts, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, or propylene oxide/ethylene oxide block copolymers, (5) sulfuric acid half esters of fatty alcohols, of their ethylene oxide adducts or alkylphenol/ethylene oxide adducts, (6) C.sub.8 -C.sub.

Abstract: Thermoplastic mixtures based on macromolecular compounds and pyrrole polymers contain finely divided pyrrole polymers which are embedded in a matrix of the macromolecular compound. Such mixtures are prepared by a process in which solutions of the macromolecular compounds and compounds from the class consisting of the pyrroles are polymerized with an oxygen-containing oxidizing agent, and the resulting mixture is separated off from the solvent. Moldings obtained from such mixtures are used as electrical conductors or as electrodes.

Abstract: Neopentyl glycol hydroxypivalate is isolated from a reaction mixture obtained from a Tishchenko reaction of hydroxypivalaldehyde in the presence of calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide or strontium hydroxide, by adding acid, removing the salts formed by adjusting the water content in the reaction mixture to 20-60% and extracting the salts at above 50.degree. C. and working up the residual mixture by distillation.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of primary terpenoid alcohols, e.g. 6,7-dihydrogeraniol and phytol, and of their esters with formic acid. The terpenoid formates are obtained very advantageously by reacting the corresponding tert.-vinylcarbinols with more than 2 moles, per mole of vinylcarbinol, of aqueous formic acid of more than 70 percent strength by weight, or with anhydrous formic acid, at from 5.degree. to 100.degree. C. The primary terpenoid alcohols themselves are obtained from their formates by trans-esterification with a low-boiling alcohol in the presence of a catalytic amount of a strong base. The products are valuable compounds. For example, 6,7-dihydrogeraniol is used as a scent and phytol is used as a perfume fixative and as a starting material for the synthesis of naturally occurring materials.

Abstract: Polyethers having molecular weights of about 1000 to about 75,000 modified with alpha-olefin oxides having about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms exhibit increased thickening efficiency in aqueous systems. About 1 to about 20 percent by weight based upon the weight of the polyether is required, the proportion of alpha-olefin oxide modifier varying inversely with the molecular weight of the polyether. Modified polyethers, processes for the preparation of thickened aqueous systems, and thickened aqueous compositions are disclosed. The modified polyether thickening agents of the invention are particularly useful for thickening water or water-glycol mixtures which are useful as hydraulic fluids.

Abstract: A curable epoxy resin mixture containing an adduct of an epoxy resin with a bifunctional phenol or a bifunctional aromatic carboxylic acid of the formula ##STR1## where A=SO.sub.2 or CO, Ar is ##STR2## and X is OH or COOH, and an aromatic amine as a curing agent.

Abstract: Isobutylene polymers are prepared by polymerizing the monomers at from 0.2 to 20 bar and from -130.degree. and +60.degree. C. in the presence of from 0.01 to 20 mmol of a boron halide catalyst system which contains as cocatalyst a carboxylic anhydride or carbonyl halide, preferably an aliphatic or aromatic, unsubstituted or halogen-substituted C.sub.4 -C.sub.18 -carboxylic anhydride of C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -carbonyl halide and where appropriate also a customary polymerization accelerant in customary amounts, in the presence or absence of an inert solvent with dissipation of the heat of reaction.

Abstract: Pyridazinone derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or is carboxyl, hydroxymethyl or --CH.sub.2 O--COR.sup.3, where R.sup.3 is alkyl, or is --CH.sub.2 O[CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O].sub.p R.sup.4, where R.sup.4 is alkyl or phenyl and p is 1, 2 or 3,R.sup.2 is phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted vinyl or 2-propenyl,X is halogen,m is 1 or 2 andn is 1, 2, 3 or 4, and fungicides containing these compounds.

Abstract: Viral diseases are treated by a method in which an effective amount of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethan-1-ol (formula I) ##STR1## is administered enterally, parenterally or topically to a patient suffering therefrom.

Abstract: The temperature of the exit gas from the gas washer in the preparation of phthalic anhydride by catalytic oxidation of naphthalene or o-xylene with air is increased by a method in which flue gas from the combustion furnace for residues is mixed with the exit gas before the latter emerges into the atmosphere.

Abstract: Paints and renders contain, as binders, aqueous dispersions of copolymers which have a minimum film-forming temperature of from -15.degree. to 20.degree. C. and consist of(a) from 10 to 50% by weight of vinylidene chloride, up to half of which may be replaced with vinyl chloride,(b) from 44 to 88% by weight of esters of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid with alkanols of 1 to 18 carbon atoms and, if required, styrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate or a mixture of these monomers and(c) from 2 to 6% by weight of .alpha.,.beta.-monoolefinically unsaturated mono- and/or dicarboxylic acids of 3 to 5 carbon atoms and/or their amides.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where K.sup..sym. is a cation, R is methyl or is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by chlorine, bromine, methyl, methoxy or ethoxy, R.sup.1 is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine or nitro, R.sup.2 is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, nitro, sulfamyl or hydroxysulfonyl, X and Y are each --O-- or --COO--, Z is --O-- or --NH--, D is a radical of a diazo component of the aniline or naphthylamine series and K is a radical of a coupling component, are very useful for dyeing natural and synthetic polyamide textile fibers and leather.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of stable aqueous aldehyde resin dispersions and for the production of surface coating binders.For this purpose, a melt or highly concentrated solution of a polycondensate of urea and a CH-acidic aldehyde, with or without formaldehyde, is dispersed in water in the presence of an organic protective colloid and, if required, an emulsifier.These aqueous resin dispersions can be used, in combination with other film formers, as surface coating binders.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of 4,5-dihydrodithieno[3,4-b:3',4'-e]azepine-5,9-dione is described.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of stable aqueous polymer dispersions which contain an alkenyl-aromatic compound as copolymerized units, by polymerizing monomer mixtures which contain(a) not less than 2% by weight of an alkenyl-aromatic compound and(b) from 0.5 to 10% by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 -carboxylic acid and/or its amide and/or its nitrile and/or an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing sulfonic acid groups, with or without(c) acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters and/or butadienein aqueous emulsion in the presence of a polymerization initiator, with or without an emulsifier and with or without a polymerization regulator, at a pH below 7, in the presence of from 0.2 to 2% by weight of formaldehyde.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a composition comprising a Bisphenol initiated polyoxyalkylene compound, a chlorine releasing compound and water.The Bisphenol initiated alkylene oxide compound is believed to be a cogeneric mixture of polymers denominated by the following formula ##STR1## Wherein A comprises oxyethylene and C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 oxyalkylene groups to form either a heteric or block copolymer; m is a whole number selected to give an overall average molecular weight of the product of 1100 to 15,000, and X is CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5.The preferred compounds are oxyalkylated Bisphenol block copolymers believed to be a cogeneric mixture of polymers denominated by the following formulas: ##STR2## Wherein X is CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2 H.sub.5, y is 3 or 4, m and n are whole numbers selected to give an overall molecular weight from about 1100 to 15,000 and a percent of oxyethylene groups from about 10 to 9.

Abstract: This application discloses a synthetic resin based on alcohol-modified polyepoxides. The synthetic resin can be prepared by reacting a diepoxide, or a mixture of diepoxides, having an epoxide equivalent weight of less than about 500, with compounds with a hydroxyl group, which is reactive towards epoxide groups, in a molar ratio from about 2:1 to about 7:6 at temperatures from about 100.degree. C. to about 180.degree. C. in an organic solvent free of hydroxyl groups. The synthetic resin has terminal epoxide groups and a mean molecular weight from about 400 to about 5000.

Abstract: Graft polymer dispersions in a polyol are prepared by a continuous process employing in situ free radical polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in a polyol containing from about 0.001 to 0.09 mole of induced unsaturation per mole of polyol in the presence of an effective amount of a chain transfer agent. Products prepared by this process have uniform viscosity with resulting product uniformity. Polyurethane foams incorporating flame retardants prepared from these dispersions readily pass the California No. 117 Flame Test.

Abstract: High-solids pigment concentrates are disclosed containing a novel dispersing agent formed by reacting a poly (lower alkylene) imine, having molecular weight of 1,000 to 15,000 with a .[.polyester.]. .Iadd.composition containing free carboxylic acid groups said composition .Iaddend.comprising .[.the esterification product of.]. .Iadd.a low molecular weight composition formed by heating .Iaddend.hydroxystearic acid, or its oligomer, with tall oil rosin.