Abstract: Bicyclo[2,2,2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride is manufactured by reacting 3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-trans-dicarboxylic acid with maleic acid in the presence of anhydrides of low molecular weight alkanecarboxylic acids at from 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. The 3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-trans-dicarboxylic acid, in the anhydride of the low molecular weight alkanecarboxylic acid, and in the presence of water-soluble salts of the alkali metals, of the alkaline earth metals or of zinc, manganese or iron, in which salts the anion contains oxygen, is first heated to the reaction temperature and the maleic anhydride is then added.

Abstract: Particulate expandable styrene polymers which contain from 0.0001 to 0.2% by weight, based on the styrene polymer, of an inhomogeneously distributed nucleating agent for expandable polystyrene, the nucleating agent being present only in a peripheral zone of the particles while the interior of the particles is free from nucleating agent. Nucleating agents which may be used are organic compounds having at least three bromine atoms, bonded to aliphatic or cycloaliphatic structures, in the molecule, or bromine compounds which are polymerizable, or are copolymerizable with styrene.

Abstract: A surface-coating binder which is substantially free from epoxide groups is obtained by reacting Mannich bases, obtained from condensed phenols, secondary amines which contain at least one hydroxyalkyl group, and formaldehyde, with epoxy resins having an epoxide value of from 0.15 to 0.6, which carry blocked isocyanate groups. In the protonized form, the binders may be used for the cationic electrocoating of metal articles.

Abstract: Nonionic surfactant compositions are made by reacting a 3 to 30-unit polyglycerol as hydrophile with a hydrophobic glycidyl ether in sufficient quantity to substitute 4 to 25% of the hydroxy groups of the polyglycerol. By using glycidyl ethers (which can be made conveniently by reaction of hydrophobic alcohol with epichlorohydrin) it becomes possible to avoid the expense of working with long-chain 1,2-epoxides. The surfactant compositions obtained have solubility and stability in a variety of concentrated ionic solutions, and especially in basic media.

Abstract: Copolymers of crotonic acid are purified, to remove monomeric crotonic acid, by extracting the copolymers with water at from 50.degree. to 120.degree. C and stirring the system, the flow energy of the water and the energy of stirring being chosen so that the polymer particles just remain suspended.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of copolymers by copolymerizing acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid in the presence of polymerization initiators, in which methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and a higher alkyl acrylate are copolymerized.

Abstract: In order to reduce corrosion of the inside walls of a reactor made of iron or an iron alloy and used for the synthesis of chromium dioxide by hydrothermal conversion of chromium(VI) oxide with chromium oxides of lower valency, lead or bismuth is added at those points of the reactor at which an aqueous phase occurs during conversion and which do not contact the chromium oxides to be converted. The lead or bismuth may be used in metallic form or in the form of their oxides, hydroxides or salts.

Abstract: A new compound, 1,3,5-tris-(2-chloroformyl-oxyethyl)-isocyanurate.

Abstract: As a tall-oil-soap skimming aid, there is added to black liquor resulting from the pulping of coniferous trees a terpolymer of (a) an alpha-beta-unsaturated acid, (2) an alkylate of an alpha-beta-unsaturated acid, and (3) allyl alcohol. The acid contains 3 to 4 carbon atoms and comprises about 60 to about 88 percent by weight of the terpolymer. The alkylate comprises about 6 to 28 parts by weight of the terpolymer, being an ester of the abovementioned acids, the ester having an alkyl portion containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms. Allyl-alcohol units are present in the terpolymer to an extent of 4.5 to 20 weight percent. The terpolymer can be produced by free-radical polymerization in accordance with the customary procedures. With the use of such a copolymer, the proportion of tall oil recovered from black liquor is very substantially increased.

Abstract: The invention relates to a magnetic disc for track adjustment and amplitude control having at least one control track with magnetic control signals, this track being arranged in the central region of the recording area, and the control signals consisting of two different signals. The invention also relates to the geometric arrangement of the control signals in the track, their number, their amplitude, their frequency and their duration.

Abstract: 5-Cyanopyrid-6-ones are manufactured by reacting haloacetic acid esters with nitrogen compounds, then reacting the mixture with alkali metal cyanides, and finally reacting it with dicarbonyl compounds. The products are starting materials for the manufacture of dyes, assistants, pharmaceuticals, vitamin B 6, crop protection agents and aminoacids.

Abstract: Uniformly dyed water-swellable cellulosic fibers obtained by dyeing cellulosic fibers, in the swollen state, with a dye of the formula ##STR1## where D is a radical of a diazo component of the aniline, aminoazobenzene, aminophthalimide, aminonaphthalimide, anthraquinone or benzanthrone series, R is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by chlorine, bromine, methyl, methoxy or ethoxy and R.sup.1 is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by chlorine, bromine, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, benzyloxy, phenoxy, chlorophenoxy, unsubstituted or N-substituted carbamoyl or sulfamoyl, unsubstituted or N-substituted phthalimidyl, alkoxycarbonyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, cyano or phenylsulfonyl.

Abstract: Copolymers which have a molecular weight of from 600 to 24,500, and which contain from 0.1 to 60 per cent by weight of succinic acid hydrazide units and from 99.9 to 40% by weight of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers which are copolymerizable with maleic anhydride, are used as coating agents and binders.

Abstract: Uniformly dyed water-swellable cellulosic fibers obtained by dyeing cellulosic fibers in the swollen state with a dye of the formula ##STR1## in which D is the radical of a diazo component;R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are optionally substituted alkyl and one of them may also be cyclohexyl, phenyl, methoxyphenyl or ethoxyphenyl and X is hydrogen, chloro, methyl or acylamino, the molecule containing in the radicals R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and X at least one group: --CO--R.sup.3 --Y--Ar where R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkylene; ##STR2## Y is oxygen, sulfur or R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; andAr is phenyl or phenyl bearing chloro, bromo, methyl, methoxy, ethoxy, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl or cyano as a substituent.

Abstract: Polyfunctional polymers of which the side branches contain dioxathiazole-2-oxide groups are described. They possess the reactivity of dioxathiazole-2-oxide and can in addition contain other reactive groups. They can be used for the manufacture of moldings, coatings or adhesives.

Abstract: The new compound 2-trichloromethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole, a process for its manufacture, a fungicide containing this compound as active ingredient, and a process for controlling fungi with this compound.

Abstract: New pyridylphosphoric acid derivatives, a process for the manufacture thereof by reaction of pyridinecarboxylic acid esters with salts of phosphoric acid derivatives, and pesticides containing these new pyridylphosphoric acid derivatives as active ingredients. The compounds of the invention have the formula ##STR1## where X denotes hydrogen or halogen, Y denotes oxygen or sulfur, R.sup.1 denotes linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl of a maximum of 6 carbons atoms, or unsubstituted or halogen-substituted phenyl or benzyl, R.sup.2 denotes linear or branched alkyl, unsubstituted phenyl, substituted phenyl, alkyloxy or alkylthio of a maximum of 6 carbon atoms, alkenyloxy or alkenylthio of a maximum of 6 carbon atoms, alkynyloxy or alkynylthio of a maximum of 6 carbon atoms, amino or alkylamino with from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, or dialkylamino with from 1 to 4 carbons atoms per alkyl moiety, and R.sup.3 denotes alkyl of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of ethylene polymers by high pressure polymerization of ethylene, if desired mixed with other compounds copolymerizable with ethylene, and isolation of the reaction product in a multi-stage isolation zone. The molecular weight of the ethylene polymer can be varied by varying the mean product residence time in the isolation zone. The isolation zone preferably consists of two stages, with a higher pressure prevailing in the first stage than in the second stage.

Abstract: In a tape transport system in which the take-up reel of a self-threading magnetic recording tape having a leader attached to its forward end is driven by surface engagement with a rotating capstan, a safety picker is provided at a point just beyond the area of engagement between the take-up hub and the capstan, for intercepting the leader if it fails to properly engage the hub. A contact cooperating with the safety picker causes the threading operation to be discontinued if the leader has thus been intercepted.

Abstract: Amines and substituted ureas are produced by reaction of carboxamides with hypochlorites in the presence of bromine, iodine, polymerization inhibitors, and/or haloamides and excess alkali metal hydroxide with or without the addition of primary or secondary amines. The products are perfumes and starting materials for the production of dyes, plant protection agents and perfumes.