Abstract: An operational amplifier is provided. The operational amplifier includes a first transistor configured to receive a first input voltage, a second transistor configured to receive a second input voltage, and a current steering module coupled to first and second transistors and configured to receive a reference voltage. The first and second transistors form a differential pair. The first transistor, second transistor, and current steering module are configured such that a current is steered from the current steering module or to the current steering module based on common-mode voltages of the first and second input voltages and the reference voltage to set a common-mode output voltage of the operational amplifier.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for regulating transceiver power consumption for a transceiver in a communications network. Data received by the transceiver is monitored to detect the presence or absence of a received data signal. A transceiver state machine is controlled to regulate transceiver power consumption in response to the presence of absence of the data received.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a system that tests optical performance in an Ethernet passive optical network (EPON), which includes an optical line terminal (OLT) and at least one optical network unit (ONU). The system configures an ONU with a circular queue that contains test frames for testing optical performance. The OLT then notifies the ONU to transmit test frames at a specified data rate for a specified duration. After receiving test frames at the OLT, the system measures frame loss and/or bit error rate based on the received test frames.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for generating interrupts associated with the completion of data processing. An external host may pass a first data block to a first processing engine and later pass a second data block to a second processing engine. In typical implementations, the external host expects that processing of the first data block completes first. To prevent errors and faults on the part of the external host, an interrupt associated with the processing of the second data block completing first is collapsed onto the first data block.

Abstract: Methods and systems for a local oscillator generator based on quadrature mixing using a phase shifter. Aspects of one method may include generating a local oscillator signal, where a frequency of the local oscillator signal may be determined by controlling a phase of in-phase (I) components and quadrature phase (Q) components of a first signal and a second signal. For example, by appropriately controlling a phase of each component that is to be mixed, the local oscillator signal may have a frequency that is the sum of a frequency of the first signal and a frequency of the second signal, or a difference of the frequency of the first signal and the frequency of the second signal.

Abstract: A compact low-power class AB power amplifier design is provided. In an embodiment, the amplifier design eliminates an intermediate stage that couples an input stage and a biasing mesh of the amplifier. In another embodiment, the amplifier design reuses a tail current from the input stage to bias the biasing mesh. Accordingly, a much higher power efficiency can be achieved using the proposed amplifier design compared to conventional class AB amplifiers. Further, the proposed amplifier design is extremely compact and occupies a small silicon area.

Abstract: An intelligent congestion feedback apparatus and method thereof includes a source endpoint transmitting data packets, and a destination endpoint receiving the data packets, and a timer in the destination endpoint set to zero. An intermediate node detects congestion between the source endpoint and the destination endpoint. Upon congestion detection, the intermediate node marks the data packets transmitted to the destination endpoint indicative of congestion. Upon receipt of the marked data packets, the timer begins reverse counting from a preset time value to zero and a feedback loop is turned-on between the destination endpoint and the source endpoint to transmit congestion notification (CN) messages to the source endpoint contributing to the congestion.

Abstract: A sensor is implemented in an integrated circuit. The sensor includes one or more sensor pads that are provided at or near a surface of the integrated circuit. One or more integrated circuit components such as a sense amplifier are provided in the integrated circuit die adjacent the sensor pads. One or more other components are provided in the integrated circuit die adjacent the sensor pads.

Abstract: Devices and methods for processing data are disclosed. An example network device includes a plurality of ports. Each port of the example network device is configured to receive data and to send processed data. The example network device further includes a multi-part parser in communication with the plurality of ports. In the example device, the multi-part parser is configured to parse received data. Further in the example device, the multi-part parser comprises a plurality of parsing blocks that are configured to serially parse the received data, where each parsing block is configured to parse particular values. Still further in the example device, each of the plurality of parsing blocks, except a first parsing block, receives parsed data from a prior parsing block with fields of the particular values at a zero offset position.

Abstract: In the current invention, a method and apparatus for automatically managing fragmentation on a disk is described. This is done by having a special Mode for preallocation and dumping of contiguous block chunks.

Abstract: A block encoder flexibly encodes K codes to produce an encoded data block. The block encoder receives an unformatted block of 10 Gigabit Media Independent Interface (XGMII) data. The unformatted block of data includes data and/or K characters, both of which can be located in any position of the unformatted block. The block encoder inserts data characters into a first set of slots of the encoded data block. The block encoder encodes K characters to produce corresponding encoded K characters. Each encoded K character includes a link field, a position field and a recoded value field. The encoded K characters are inserted into a second set of slots of the encoded data block. A synchronization header is attached to the encoded data block to distinguish control blocks from pure data blocks. The header and encoded data block are subsequently scrambled in preparation for transmission.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method for increasing resolution and accuracy of an analog to digital converter receiving an input voltage includes dithering a number of digital output values from the analog to digital converter to generate a number of dithered values. The analog to digital converter can be an 8-bit analog to digital converter, for example. The dithered values are then averaged to generate an average dithered value. For example, the dithered values can be averaged using a moving average technique. The average dithered value is then scaled down to generate a scaled value. Thereafter, the scaled value is mapped to a, for example, 10-bit digital output having higher resolution and higher accuracy than the raw 8-bit output of the analog to digital converter. In this example, the resolution of the analog to digital converter is increased by a factor of four.

Abstract: A digital modulator in a radio transmitter includes circuitry for switching between Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) and Phase-Shift Keying (PSK) while maintaining spectral mask requirements. The digital modulator of the present invention includes both GMSK and PSK symbol mappers that produce PSK in-phase and quadrature symbols and GMSK symbols, respectively, to a pulse shaping block. Based on opposite phases of a modulation control signal, the symbol mappers produce either modulated data or a steam of logic zeros to the pulse shaping block. The pulse shaping block filters the received data and multiplexes the data so that each modulated data stream receives non-zero data during a guard time to avoid abrupt changes in the modulated signal that would violate the spectral mask requirements.

Abstract: Methods and systems for a balun embedded in an integrated circuit package are disclosed and may include a multi-layer package bonded to an integrated circuit. The multi-layer package may include an integrated balun which may be enabled to process RF signals received from and/or communicated to an antenna. The integrated circuit may be flip-chip bonded to the multi-layer package. The balun may include ferromagnetic layers integrated in the multi-layer package, and may be bypassed via bypass switches integrated in the multi-layer package. The switches integrated in the multi-layer package may include MEMS switches. The balun may be bypassed via bypass switches in the integrated circuit. The switches in the integrated circuit may include CMOS switches. The balun may be impedance matched to the integrated circuit via surface mount devices, which may be coupled to the multi-layer package.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention described and shown in the specification and drawings is a transceiver with a receiver, a transmitter, a local oscillator (LO) generator, a controller, and a self-testing unit. All of these components can be packaged for integration into a single IC including components such as filters and inductors. The controller for adaptive programming and calibration of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. The self-testing unit generates is used to determine the gain, frequency characteristics, selectivity, noise floor, and distortion behavior of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Abstract: Aspects of a method and system for a single antenna receiver system for HSDPA are provided. Aspects of a method for processing RF signals, the method may comprise computing channel estimates based on a plurality of received individual distinct path signals, generating timing reference signals indicating a location of at least one of the plurality of received individual distinct path signals, combining at least a portion of the plurality of received individual distinct path signals as a signal cluster based on at least one of the computed channel estimates and said generated timing reference signals, and selecting at least one of combining and equalization processing based on at least one of the computed channel estimates and the generated timing reference signals. Aspects of a system for processing RF signals may comprise circuitry that selects at least one of combining and equalization processing based the computed channel estimates and/or generated timing reference signals.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses are provided for integrated circuit packages and for enabling electrostatic discharge (ESD) testing of the same. A package includes an integrated circuit chip, a substrate, a first electrically conductive trace, and a second electrically conductive trace. The substrate includes a first electrically conductive region and a second electrically conductive region. The first region is coupled to a first ground signal of the chip, and the second region is coupled to a second ground signal of the chip. The first trace is coupled to the first region and the second trace is coupled to the second region. A portion of the first trace is proximate to a portion of the second trace. An electrically conductive material may be deposited to electrically couple the first and second traces to enable ESD protection testing of the package.

Abstract: Aspects of a method and system for calibrating group delay errors in a combined GPS and GLONASS receiver are provided. The combined GPS and GLONASS receiver may be enabled to receive both GPS signals and GLONASS signals. GPS based navigation information may be calculated based on the received GPS signals. Group delay errors resulted by the received GLONASS signals may be calibrated based on the GPS based navigation information. Respective GLONASS signals may be estimated in responsive to the GPS based navigation information. Corresponding clock information associated with the estimated GLONASS signals may be transferred from the clock information of the GPS based navigation information. A calibration signal may be generated by comparing the estimated GLONASS signals with the received GLONASS signals. The calibration signal may be processed by an error state Kalman filter and may be used to offset the group delay errors in the combined GPS and GLONASS receiver.

Abstract: A circuit may be provided. The circuit may be a component of a dual mode transmitter such as a transmitter from the 802.11x family. The circuit may comprise an amplifier configured to provide amplification of a signal for transmission in either a first transmission mode or a second transmission mode, using power supplied from a power supply, the amplifier including at least one cascode transistor in series with at least one amplifying transistor. The circuit may further comprise a power controller configured to define an operating characteristic of the at least one cascode transistor, and thereby designate an amount of the power from the power supply that is used by the amplifier during the amplification, based on whether the amplifier is to be operated in the first transmission mode or the second transmission mode.

Abstract: A method of conditionally executing branch instructions which comprise an opcode field defining a type of test to be applied to determine whether or not to execute a branch operation, a control field designating a control store holding a plurality of indicators and a destination field holding information on a branch target address. The method comprises determining from the opcode field whether or not the test will check the state of one indicator or a plurality of indicators in the designated control store, accessing the designated control store to check the state of said one or said plurality of indicators depending on the determination, and generating a branch target address using information in the destination field in dependence on the state of the or each indicator checked.