Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and arrangement for detecting edges and bores on a workpiece with an optical probe head. The optical probe head is guided with constant beam power over the workpiece surface for detecting the edges and bores. In addition to the distance signal of the probe head, the intensity of the radiation backscattered from the workpiece is determined and stored. With the intensity values simultaneously stored with the coordinates of the workpiece surface in the region of the edges and bores, the coordinates of the edges and bores are determined from abrupt changes of the trace of the intensity.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a measuring objective having a large free operating space and having very small imaging errors with respect to coma, astigmatism and distortion. The main rays are, at least at one objective side, inclined to each other in one directional component and are parallel to each other in the directional component perpendicular thereto.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-precision autofocusing arrangement for a stereomicroscope wherein a bar-shaped marking is projected via a cylinder optic on an object. The imaged bar-shaped marking is at least in one dimension less or equal to the resolution of the viewing beam path. A region of the objective not used optically is selected for projection as the pass-through pupil.

Abstract: A process for the automatic contrast and brightness control for thermal imaging apparatus of FLIR systems which is used for forming the actual value of the contrast and brightness of an evaluation window, fixing the shape of the evaluation window and displacing the position of the evaluation window in dependence on the content of the FLIR image, includes: utilizing "n" vertical image columns for evaluation of the FLIR image, converting the average brightness of the FLIR image into an analog voltage signal, comparing the analog voltage signal with a video signal of the FLIR image, summing the results of the comparison in the vertical image columns of the FLIR image such that a sum value results for each image column, determining the position of the horizon from the amounts of the sum values, and in the case of column sums that differ from each other, determining the optimum position of the evaluation window in the horizontal direction from the sum values of the columns such that the surface center of gravity o

Abstract: A plurality of video cameras (7a-d) are mounted on a table which is adapted support a workpiece or other object to be measured, and the mounting of each camera to the table provides for controlled universal orientation of each camera via an articulating head having provision for selective rotation about each of two orthogonally related axes. The table is provided with vibration damping, whereby both the measured object, and the cameras which provide triangulation data for each measurement, can operate from the same rigid base, isolated from external sources of mechanical shock. The video signals of the cameras are fed, along with instantaneous optical-axis orientation data for each camera, to the computer of a coordinate-measuring machine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mirror for changing the geometrical form of a light beam. The mirror includes several mirroring regions with these regions being strip-like segments. An incoming light beam impinges on several of these segments which are all so aligned that the reflected component beams from all segments are imaged on one and the same component area of an axis. The mirror can be configured as one piece which imparts a linear beam geometry with only one reflection.

Abstract: A protective device includes at least one pair of conducting wires stretched tightly along a machine component. The wires are guided in cutouts in the partitioning legs of a bellows which at least partially covers the machine component. The shape or a metallization of the legs causes an electric contact to be made between the wires of the pair when the bellows and partitioning legs are displaced by transverse forces acting thereupon. In this way, the emergency circuit of the measuring apparatus can be actuated.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an ophthalmoscope and especially a confocal raster ophthalmoscope wherein the scanning unit can be imaged on the pupil of the eye with different imaging scales. The switchover between the imaging scales is realized by a displacement of a spherical concave mirror of the ophthalmoscope. The astigmatism of the concave mirror is changed because of the changed imaging scale and is compensated in that the displacement of the concave mirror has a displacement component perpendicular to the main axis of this mirror.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a frequency-doubling solid state laser having pump light sources at opposite ends thereof. A folding and out-coupling mirror is antireflection coated on both sides with respect to the wavelength of the light generated by the pump light sources. The pump light sources include a total of four laser diodes with each laser diode generating 3 Watts of light power. An output power at 532 nm is obtained using a Nd:YAG laser rod and a frequency-doubling crystal made of potassium titanyl phosphate. The folding angle defined by the folding and out-coupling mirror is in the range of 10.degree. to 60.degree. and is typically 50.degree..

Abstract: Pictures of an object to be measured are taken from several different positions or aspects by a video camera which is mounted via a two-axis articulating head to the measurement arm of a coordinate-measuring machine. The pictures taken from the different positions or aspects are stored and are evaluated with respect to the coordinates of characteristic points of interest on the surface of the object by the method of space intersection, known from photogrammetry. And, in this connection, the position-measurement values supplied by the scales of the coordinate-measuring machine and the angle-measurement values supplied by the articulating head are used for a calculated determination of the coordinates for each of the points of interest on the surface of the object.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement for regenerating rotating precision grinding tools with a dressing tool and with a loose abrading medium suspended in a liquid and introduced into a gap between the dressing tool and the grinding tool. The dressing tool has approximately the negative desired form of the grinding tool and the dressing tool has bonded abrading grains in this surface region. Preferably, the grinding tool is rotated on the work spindle and the dressing tool is also moved.

Abstract: The invention is an inverted microscope with a housing having multiple integrated ray paths leading from the specimen being examined to (a) the viewer/operator and (b) one or more auxiliary ports used for image recording and/or measurement by accessories such as cameras and video recorders. The microscope lens is positioned below the specimen stage; and, positioned below the lens, is a simple reflector which deflects the combined rays from the lens diagonally upward toward the viewer at exactly the same angle at which the viewer looks into the microscope's binocular eyepieces. The position of this simple reflector is the lowest point in the unit's paths of rays, thereby significantly lowering the lens turret and, therefore, the specimen stage to a relatively low, ergonomically-appropriate position. The optical arrangement is simple and compact, minimizing the number of deflections in the path of the viewing rays.

Abstract: An automatic contrast and brightness control system for thermal image apparatus in aircraft utilizes a section from the thermal image adapted to the flight and topography conditions to form the actual value with the section being shifted in dependence upon the image content.

Abstract: The invention relates to a case which permits a binocular to be removed laterally from the case without a cover or the like restricting the removal thereof. The optical surfaces of the binocular in the housing are protected against contamination notwithstanding a lateral removal of the binocular from the case. The invention also relates to the combination of the binocular and the case as well as to the binocular itself.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an X-ray microscope having a pulsed X-ray radiation source which supplies an intensive line radiation such as a plasma focus source. The microscope includes a reflecting condenser which focusses the radiation of the radiation source on the specimen to be investigated and an X-ray optic configured as a zone plate. With the zone plate, the specimen is imaged on an X-ray detector with a high resolution. The above combination of elements makes it possible to free an adequately high amount of X-ray energy at the location of the specimen while providing a high resolution free of image errors so that the required short exposure times are provided for the investigation of living cells.

Abstract: An optical probe head has a front optic and an annular enclosure surrounding the front optic. The enclosure contains the illuminating device of the probe head. The front optic is rigidly attached to the optical probe head and the enclosure having the illuminating device and surrounding the front optic is attached to the optical probe head so as to be radially yieldable. In the case of a collision, only the enclosure having the illuminating optics is therefore deflected; whereas, the imaging optics remains undisturbed. In this way, a follow-up calibration of the probe head after a collision is no longer required.

Abstract: A precision slit of adjustable width in which each slit jaw is guided via at least two guide parallelograms lying opposite each other and in which a single setting member acting jointly on the guide parallelograms of one side and displaceable perpendicular to the direction of movement of the slit jaws is provided for the setting of slit width. In a preferred embodiment, the guide parallelograms are developed as spring parallelograms, an embodiment prepared monolithically from a plate of compliant material and having particular advantages.

Abstract: A load-compensating gas bearing which exhibits high total rigidity over a large range of loads. The bearing consists of a deformable disk (3) that is supported by, but is not fixed to, a circular support (6) that is rigidly mounted to a base element connected with the machine part (1) being supported by the bearing. The disk (3) is held and centered only by a cylindrical insert (5) that is also used to supply the supporting gas to the bearing span. The bearing side of the deformable disk is provided with a hard plastic coating for protection in the event the gas supply is discontinued; and in one preferred embodiment, the circular support (6) is mounted to a base element that is integral with the machine part being supported.