Abstract: A projection type displaying apparatus with a movable built-in screen has an image display, an image projector and a position detector for detecting a position where the built-in screen is installed. When the position detector determines that the built-in screen is in an image projection pass, the focus of the image projector is adjusted on the built-in screen and the image projector projects the image onto the built-in screen. When the position detector determines that the built-in screen is out of the image projection pass, the focus of the image projector is adjusted on an external screen and the image projector automatically projects the image onto the external screen.

Abstract: An FM broadcasting signal carrying multiplex character data transmitted from a radio broadcasting station is automatically preset in an FM receiving apparatus. An FM broadcasting signal is received, and a frequency information of the received FM broadcasting signal is temporarily memorized in a memory. It is judged whether a PLL lock signal is produced by a clock signal reproducing circuit during a demodulation process of the FM broadcasting signal whose frequency information is memorized in the memory. When it is determined that the PLL lock signal is produced by the clock signal reproducing circuit, it is determined that the FM broadcasting signal carries multiplex character data, and the frequency information of said FM broadcasting signal is preset to the FM receiving apparatus.

Abstract: A graph display device which includes an expression input section for inputting functional expression data, an expression color setting for setting a display color for the functional expression data input by the expression input section, and an expression display section for displaying the input functional expression data in the display color set by the expression color setting section. A graph producing section produces a graph for the functional expression data input by the expression input section based on the input functional expression data, and a graph display section display the graph produced by the graph producing section in the same display color as that set for the functional expression data.

Abstract: A gate electrode, a semiconductor thin film, a channel protecting film and a photoresist are accumulated on the overall surface of a transparent substrate on which a gate electrode and a gate line are formed. Ultraviolet rays are irradiated through the substrate so that the photoresist and the channel protecting film are self-aligned with respect to the gate electrode and the gate line. A mask is formed on the channel protecting film so as to extend in a direction perpendicular to the channel protecting film. The channel protecting film and the semiconductor thin film are etched using the mask. As a result, the semiconductor thin film and the channel protecting film are patterned without positional deviation so as to have the same width W. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the thin film transistor forming region and the number of steps of the manufacturing process.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal cell having liquid crystal molecules twisted by 90.degree., two polarization plates, a reflector and two retardation plates. The product .DELTA.n.d of the refractive anisotropy .DELTA.n and the LC layer thickness d of the liquid crystal cell, the retardations of the retardation plates, the directions of the transmission axes of the polarization plates and the phase delay axes of the retardation plates are set in such a way that the color of outgoing light changes to red, green, blue, black or white in accordance with an applied voltage. The transmission axis of one of the polarization plates is set in a direction of 110.degree. to 130.degree. in an opposite direction to the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules and the transmission axis of the other of the polarization plates is set in a direction of 127.degree. to 140.degree. in an opposite direction to this twist angle.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate having a surface on which a transparent electrode and a first aligning film covering the transparent electrode are arranged, a second substrate having an electrode arranged to oppose the first substrate, and a second aligning film covering the electrode, the electrode having a plurality of pixels formed on its inner surface, and the pixels being formed in an area opposing the transparent electrode, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates and having an initial aligned state in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a predetermined direction by the first and second aligning films, a polarizing member arranged outside the first substrate such that the polarization axis of the polarizing member crosses an aligning direction of liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the first aligning film at an angle other than a right angle, and a reflecting member, arranged on the second substrate side, for reflecting light w

Abstract: Arranged in a series are an electrolyte tank capable of holding one of a number of substrates, each substrate having a conducting film thereon, and a cathode so that the cathode and substrate face each other in an electrolyte, an anodizing chamber for anodizing the substrate, a pretreatment chamber for calcining a photoresist mask put on part of the conducting film, and a post-treatment chamber for washing and drying the anodized substrate. A substrate transportation mechanism is provided for serially transporting the substrates one by one from the pretreatment chamber to the post-treatment chamber via the anodizing chamber. In the anodizing chamber described above, a formation voltage is increased to a value such that an oxide film with a desired thickness is formed so that the value of a current flowing through an aluminum alloy film as the conducting film is kept constant with the current density ranging from 3.0 mA/cm.sup.2 to 15.0 mA/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: A bus interface circuit which can suppress generation of noise includes, between an internal data bus and an external data bus, an AND gate and output buffer connected in parallel with an input buffer. A control signal a is supplied to a control terminal of the output buffer and an inverted signal of the control signal a is supplied to a control terminal of the input buffer. A control signal b is supplied to one input terminal of the AND gate. When no access request is made to an external RAM and external ROM, a CPU enables the control signals a and b to be output as a high-level and a low-level signals, respectively. At that time, a respective output buffer enables corresponding data to pass through, but data on the internal data bus is not output to the external data bus when the AND gate is placed in closed state.

Abstract: A display system comprising a display and a memory for storing a plurality of evaluation data relating to a plurality of types of clothing and accessories. Each type of clothing and accessory has a respective plurality of colors. The display is controlled to display the plurality of types of clothing, a plurality of types of accessories to be carried, and the respective plurality of colors of each of the types of clothing and accessories. A designating device is provided for designating particular combinations of clothing and/or accessories. When a first article of clothing of a designated color is combined with a second article of clothing and its designated color, an evaluation of this combination is performed based on the stored plurality of evaluation data, and the resulting evaluation is displayed on the display.

Abstract: In a musical tone waveform generation apparatus for outputting musical tone signals generated by a software program at predetermined time intervals, sound source methods can be selected in units of tone generation channels. In the musical tone waveform generation apparatus, the sound source method or the tone color of a musical tone signal to be output is determined in accordance with performance data (pitch data, touch data, music part data, and the like). A musical tone signal is generated by CPU upon execution of a sound source processing program, associated with a modulation method stored in a memory. The generated musical tone signal is output at predetermined time intervals. As for sound source processing based on the modulation method, at least one operator processing, and algorithm processing for determining an input/output relationship among the operator processing operations are independently executed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a first substrate having a first electrode and a homeotropic aligning film formed thereon, a second substrate having a second electrode and a homogeneous aligning film formed thereon, and a chiral nematic liquid crystal sealed between the first and second substrates. One % by weight of a dichroic dye is added to the chiral nematic liquid crystal. The liquid crystal molecules of this liquid crystal display device has a twist angle .theta. of 0.5.pi. radians or greater and smaller than (5/3).pi. radians. The cell gap d of the liquid crystal display device and the natural pitch p of the nematic liquid crystal are selected in such a way that d/p satisfies an inequality (9):(.theta./2.pi.)-(1/4)<d/p<(.theta./2.pi.

Abstract: A display driving apparatus includes a matrix display device for displaying an image. The matrix display device has switching elements and data written elements connected to the switching elements. The switching elements and the data written elements are arranged in rows and columns to form a matrix. A plurality of scan lines are arranged in a predetermined number of rows, with each row of the plurality of scan lines being connected to respective ones of the switching elements arranged along a corresponding row of the matrix. A plurality of data lines are connected to the switching elements for supplying lines of display data to be displayed on successive rows of the scan lines, and a data line driver circuit is connected to the switching elements via the data lines for supplying the switching elements connected to successive rows of the scan lines with the lines of display data.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device including a transparent first substrate having an inner surface and at least one transparent electrode formed thereon, and an insulating second substrate having an inner surface arranged to oppose the inner surface of the first substrate and at least one electrode formed on the inner surface of the second substrate. A liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the inner surfaces of the first and second substrates and has a predetermined initial aligned state. A polarizing member is arranged on a first substrate side of the liquid crystal layer, and at least one retardation plate is provided for coloring light which emerges from the liquid crystal display. The retardation plate is arranged between the liquid crystal layer and the polarizing member such that an optical axis of the retardation plate with respect to a transmission axis of the polarizing member is not parallel to or perpendicular to the transmission axis.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument comprises a tone generator for generating a plurality of different digital waveform signals corresponding to different timbres, and a device for setting a plurality of ranges defined by two parameters, a first one of the parameters being a pitch parameter and a second one of the parameters being a key touch parameter. The parameters vary according to the musical performance, and a range for the pitch parameter in combination with a range for the key touch parameter respectively designating one of the plurality of different digital waveform signals having different timbres. An input device is provided for inputting the two parameters according to a musical performance.