Abstract: A switching apparatus is operated by a non contact motion made by a user. The switching apparatus is effectively used to control a mechanism, particularly a mechanism for driving a robot, by the non contact motion or gesture made by the user without touching the switching apparatus itself. The user can control or move indications, for example views of a dog, displayed on an image displaying equipment provided with the switching apparatus by his (her) motion or gesture without touching the switching apparatus. Therefore, the user can enjoy feeling as if he actually orders his dog.

Abstract: A pulse counting apparatus which has a simple structure and makes few count errors. When the number of pulses at a wrist or the neck of the user counted by means of palpation amounts to 10 and the user stops by using an S1 key the measurement of the pulse counting time period in a timer, it is determined whether the pulse counting time period is 3 seconds or less. If the time period is 3 seconds or less, it is determined that the pulse is miscounted, the value of the timer is cleared and "1" is set in a flag. As a result, the apparatus is switched to a measurement mode. If the time period exceeds 3 seconds, pulses per minute are calculated from the time period and the number of the pulses 10. An exercise intensity corresponding to the pulse is calculated from the pulse and the set age of the user. The pulse and the exercise intensity is displayed in a display.

Abstract: In an electronic device, a plurality of images of each of the parts which constitute a character is contained along with a corresponding plurality of different parameters in a ROM. A parameter indicative of a character created by a controller is calculated from parameters corresponding to the respective images of the parts which constitute the character. The indication of an indicator which sets the progress of a game is controlled in accordance with the calculated character parameter. In more detail, first, the user selects images of the parts stored in the ROM and creates a character used in the game with those selected part images. The controller reads parameters corresponding to the images of the parts of the character and calculates a parameter of the character from those read parameters. A display displays an indicator which controls the progress of the game. The indicator changes at a speed corresponding to the calculated parameter.

Abstract: A projection lens assembly having an imaging lens group, including a first lens group having a positive refractive power, a second lens group having a positive refractive power, and a Fresnel lens group having a positive refractive power and at least one Fresnel lens surface, in this order from the enlargement side. The projection lens assembly satisfies the relationships 1.4<f.sub.1 /f<2.8, and 1.5<f.sub.2 /f<6.0. In these relationships, f represents the focal length of the whole lens system, f.sub.1 the focal length of the first lens group, and f.sub.2 the focal length of the second lens group.

Abstract: An image creation device which combines a plurality of part images into a target image. An attribute setting unit sets data on a sex, age, etc., of the target image. A selection unit selects the respective part images which constitute the target image. When a controller synthesizes the selected part images, it disposes the respective part images at positions depending on the set attributes in an image storage. When the controller synthesizes the selected part images, it disposes the respective selected part images at positions depending on the set positional relationship in the image storage.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a polymer dispersion liquid crystal layer comprises a hollow spherical light reflection member, LC cell supports provided in the reflection member, and a light source for radiating light in the reflection member. The inner surface of the reflection member constitutes a spherical reflection surface. The reflection member is provided with a light source. An LC cell filled with a mixture solution of LC and polymer material is supported on the supports. Then, the light source is turned on. Light emitted from the light source is reflected in various directions by the spherical reflection surface and is made incident uniformly on the LC cell in all directions with a substantially constant intensity. Accordingly, the light of a substantially equal intensity is radiated on all portions of the mixture solution in the LC cell, and the rate of progress of light polymerization is constant.

Abstract: A data reading apparatus reads data of dots from a recording sheet on which data is recorded in the form of a mesh pattern, and decodes the read data into binary data. The data reading apparatus has an image sensor to read black/white levels of dots of the mesh pattern using the image sensor and to binarize the read levels by a hardware component or CPU processing according to software. An image can have a high recording density by minimizing a dot size.

Abstract: In the present invention, an unwinding shaft in a cassette is rotated to unwind a sheet member by an unwinding mechanism in connection with a movement of a head attaching member when the head attaching member is such a direction as to separate the head member from the sheet member in the cassette. Also, the sheet member is applied with a back tension in a direction opposite to the winding tension by a back tension applying mechanism when the winding shaft winds the sheet member by a winding device of a winding motor.

Abstract: In a signal processing apparatus which stores a program inside, and performs a series of processes on a received signal according to the program, such as an arithmetic operation or a delay process, and outputs the processed signal, for rewriting the program in order to change the contents of the processing. Program data is prevented from being output in synchronism with a sampling clock generated at the timing of an input signal. This design can minimize noise occurring due to a change in the algorithm of the signal processing during signal processing. Further, in the case where a program for a separate signal processing circuit is rewritten in response to an instruction that is given from outside at an arbitrary timing, noise can also be minimized by proceeding with the rewriting in synchronism with a sampling clock.