Abstract: A polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device includes an active element substrate on which active elements and pixel electrodes are arranged in the form of a matrix, a counter substrate having a counter electrode formed on a surface, of the counter substrate, opposing the active element substrate, and a polymer dispersed liquid crystal film arranged between the active element substrate and the counter substrate and formed by dispersing a polymer resin and a cholesteric liquid crystal. The cholesteric liquid crystal is in a randomly aligned state to be twisted at a specific helical pitch in the absence of an electric field. When an electric field is applied across the pixel electrodes and the counter electrode, the cholesteric liquid crystal is aligned along the electric field, and the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film is set in a light-transmitting state, thereby setting a display in a bright state.

Abstract: Audio data is stored as a plurality of events on a hard disk, and further header data, i.e., leading portion of the audio data is stored in a header memory prior to reproducing operation. When an event is specified, the header data is read out from the header memory at first. In the meantime, an audio data following the header data is transferred from the hard disk to a buffer memory. The contents of the buffer memory are being read out, even after the header data has been read out from the header memory. With use of an access data table is performed address control for reading out data from the header memory and the hard disk.

Abstract: A plurality of image data and sequence data indicative of the sequence of displaying images are provided beforehand. The image data are sequentially read in accordance with the sequence indicated by the sequence data at the timing synchronous with automatic accompaniment. Image advancement in automatic accompaniment of a normal pattern differs from image accompaniment in automatic accompaniment of a fill-in pattern. The image display is made at the timing synchronous with chord advancement in automatic accompaniment.

Abstract: An anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal device includes a first substrate on which pixel electrodes and an alignment film are formed, and a second substrate on which an opposite electrode and another alignment film are formed. These substrates are arranged to face each other. An anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal is sealed in a space defined between the substrates. The pixel electrodes arranged on the first substrate are connected to thin-film transistors formed on the first substrate. The thin-film transistors are selected by being supplied with control signals at their gates and data signals are supplied to their drains to apply data potentials to the pixel electrodes.

Abstract: In a diagram drawing apparatus when a figure in the diagram is enlarged or reduced, data at a line having one end tangent to the figure is automatically modified according to the enlargement or reduction of the figure. When a figure, for example, a rectangle of a flowchart representing a processing step, to which a straight line indicative of a flow of the flowchart is connected, is enlarged, data denoting the line end coordinates (end point coordinates) of the straight line tangent to the rectangle and the other line end coordinates (start point coordinates) of the straight line are read out from a diagram data memory and then stored in a data memory. After that, coordinates of an intersection point between the enlarged rectangle and the straight line are calculated and stored in the data memory.

Abstract: A flexible liquid crystal display panel includes spacers and cross members which are prevented from moving and from exfoliating, respectively, even when a force is applied thereto. In this panel, upper and lower substrates have flexibility, and spacers coated with an adhesive are fixed to orientation films formed on the substrates, by means of the adhesive. Thus, even when a force is applied from the outside, the spacers are prevented from moving, and therefore the distance between the substrates can be kept constant and the display characteristics of the liquid crystal can be made uniform. Further, a sealing member interposed between the substrates has holes through which cross members are fitted. This means that the cross members are reinforced by the sealing member, and hence they can be prevented from exfoliating from the substrates, keeping good electrical connection.

Abstract: An electronic image pickup apparatus picks up an object image such as an image on a blackboard and outputs the image. The apparatus can synthesize a picked-up image with format data input from another unit and output the synthesized image. When synthesis processing is to be performed, format data to be synthesized are created and stored in several line buffers in advance. When a picked-up one-line image signal is written in a line buffer of 1 line, the format data stored in the several line buffers are read out, and the image signal and the format data are synthesized in the line buffer of 1 line. By outputting the data in this line buffer in units of lines, the synthesized data obtained by synthesizing the picked-up image with the format data is output.

Abstract: In a packaging structure, a tongue-like portion is formed in one end portion of a base to extend toward an end of the one end portion. A wristwatch, having a pair of watchbands with a band keeper being provided on one of the bands, is placed on the base, and the tongue-like portion is inserted into an opening of the band keeper through a gap of the band keeper and the corresponding watchband. A pillow portion is formed in the one end portion of the base at a region which is nearer to the end of the one end portion than the tongue-like portion. The pillow portion covers the tongue-like portion, and an extending end of the one of the watchbands lays on the pillow portion in a longitudinal direction of the base.

Abstract: A polarizer is arranged on the incident side of a TN type liquid crystal cell in which the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules is twist-aligned through substantially 90.degree. in a direction from one substrate to the opposite substrate and the value of a product .DELTA.n.sub.c.d.sub.c of a refractive index anisotropy .DELTA.n.sub.c and a gap d.sub.c is set within a range of 300 to 600 nm, and an analyzer is arranged on the exit side of the liquid crystal cell. A twist-aligned retardation plate, in which the arrangement of polymer molecules is twist-aligned through 90.degree. in a direction opposite to the twist direction of the twist orientation of the liquid crystal molecules and the value of .DELTA.n.d ranges between 100 and 600 nm, is arranged between the liquid crystal cell and the analyzer.

Abstract: An envelope extracting circuit extracts an envelope from the waveform sampled by a musical tone sampling circuit, and stores the envelope data into a memory. An envelope approximating circuit approximates the envelope data as stored in the memory by the function data such as linear or exponential function data. The original envelope is approximated by a limited number of function waveforms whose characteristics change at switching points.

Abstract: An input/output apparatus records both a handwritten image and a speech to facilitate the collation between the recorded image and speech. When a command recognizing section recognizes that a handwritten image input through a coordinate input section is a voice command image, a voice processor starts recording the speech, input from a microphone, into a voice recording memory. During this recording, the voice processor sets the input handwritten image as a key image. When an end command image is written, the voice processor registers the speech, recorded in the voice recording memory, into a voice register file in association with the key image. When an image identical to the registered key image is input, the voice processor reads the speech corresponding to the key image from the voice register file into the voice recording memory, and reproduces the speech from a loudspeaker.

Abstract: A gate electrode, a semiconductor thin film, a channel protecting film and a photoresist are accumulated on the overall surface of a transparent substrate on which a gate electrode and a gate line are formed. Ultraviolet rays are irradiated through the substrate so that the photoresist and the channel protecting film are self-aligned with respect to the gate electrode and the gate line. A mask is formed on the channel protecting film so as to extend in a direction perpendicular to the channel protecting film. The channel protecting film and the semiconductor thin film are etched using the mask. As a result, the semiconductor thin film and the channel protecting film are patterned without positional deviation so as to have the same width W. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the thin film transistor forming region and the number of steps of the manufacturing process.

Abstract: A spreading process is performed with a spreading code assigned to each user and a spreading code assigned according to an attribute, and the resultant signal is modulated on the transmitter side. On the receiver side, a transmitted signal, modulated in the above manner, is subjected to a despreading process with the attribute-oriented spreading code from a reception spreading code generator, the resultant signal is subjected to despreading process with the user-specific spreading code from the reception spreading code generator, and those signals which have undergone the despreading processes are demodulated by data demodulators to extract desired information together with a desired signal corresponding to a wide band service. It is therefore possible to simplify the management of the individual users and individual services and facilitate the system design.

Abstract: When a plurality of effects are simultaneously applied to an input audio signal, a plurality of effect-algorithms each for applying solely an effect to the input signal are stored in a memory, and a plurality of combination-algorithms or combination-data which represent combinations of the effects and orders in which effects are applied to the input audio signal are stored in the memory. When one of the combination-algorithms or the combination-data is selected, effect-algorithms included in the selected combination-algorithm or combination-data are selectively read out from the memory. A program for applying effects in a predetermined combination and order is written by CPU based on the read out effect-algorithms and combination-algorithm or combination-data. Receiving the program, DSP successively applies effects to the input audio signal in accordance with the program.

Abstract: When a field framing line for surrounding record data upon record data output is drawn on a display screen, the parameters of each line segment constituting the field framing line are generated and stored. When a plurality of stored record items are to be output, the parameters are read out each time the record data is read out. A field frame line is formed on the basis of the readout parameters, and the formed field framing line is output together with the readout record data.

Abstract: For input signals f0-f7, by the implementing of signal processing in several stages with bit-serial form, output signals f0-f7 are obtained. For input signals f0-f7, non-two's power approximation proportions of ideal values of fixed coefficient, i.e., cos[.pi.l(2K+1)/2N] are applied. This results in asymmetrical hardware to implement a forward transform mode and an inverse transform mode. Therefore, by adding a circuit element which is employed for a forward transform mode, and by adding a circuit element which is employed for an inverse transform mode, hardware which can deal with both of forward transform and inverse transform is realized.

Abstract: A sound source is composed of a plurality of chips of integrated circuits, into which a sound source circuit and an effector circuit are integrated. In a chip of integrated circuit, a waveform signal generated by the sound source circuit within the integrated circuit itself is compounded with a waveform signal generated by other sound source circuit in other chip of integrated circuit, and the resultant signal is applied with effect by the effector circuit.Further, in a chip of integrated circuit, a waveform signal generated by the sound source circuit within the integrated circuit itself is compounded with a waveform signal generated by other sound source circuit in other chip of integrated circuit, and the mixed signal is applied with effect by the effector circuit, and further the effect added signal is transferred to the above other chip of integrated circuit, thereby the signal being applied with other effect.