Abstract: A process for manufacturing a liquid crystal display, comprising the steps of providing a first base plate of a resin and a second base plate of a resin, providing at least one of the base plates with an electrically connecting terminal, forming an opening in a base plate of the base plates opposite the electrically connecting terminal when the base plates are bonded to each other, providing at least one of the base plates with a seal, bonding the base plates to each other by means of the seal, providing a space between the base plates with a liquid crystal, and separating the base plates on a line adjoining an edge of the opening. The opening protects the connecting terminal from being physically damaged and separated at the separation step to improve the production yield of the display.

Abstract: An image display circuit supplies gray scale data according to a video signal to a liquid crystal panel to present a gray-scaled display, and scans the liquid crystal panel N times during one field period of a video signal. The image display circuit includes a table ROM comparing a current video signal with a previous video signal of one frame before, and generates gray scale data for N times in accordance with the comparison result. Gray scale data greater than the gray scale of the current video signal is generated when the comparison result indicates that the gray scale of the current video signal is greater than that of the previous video signal, and gray scale data smaller than the gray scale of the current video signal is generated when the gray scale of the current video signal is found to be smaller than that of the previous video signal. Based on the generated gray scale data, the liquid crystal panel is driven with the proper gray scales.

Abstract: A photosensor formed on an insulating substrate has a transparent top gate electrode arranged on the upper side of a semiconductor layer for photoelectric conversion and a bottom gate electrode arranged on the lower side of the semiconductor layer. If light is applied from the top gate electrode side in a state in which a bottom gate voltage V.sub.BG =+20 V is applied to the bottom gate electrode and a top gate voltage V.sub.TG =-20 V is applied to the top gate electrode, electron-hole pairs are generated in the semiconductor layer and only the holes are held in the semiconductor layer by the effect of the top gate voltage V.sub.TG =-20 V. Therefore, an n-channel is formed in the semiconductor layer and a drain current I.sub.DS flows. It was confirmed that the drain current I.sub.DS will not flow even if illumination light is applied when the bottom gate voltage V.sub.BG is set at 0 V. Therefore, the selection or non-selection state of the photosensor can be controlled by the bottom gate voltage V.sub.TG.

Abstract: The kinds of effects imparted to signals received from a keyboard or a microphone are stored beforehand in a first and a second effector. An effect (1) input selector and an effect (2) input selector set forms in which signals are fed to the respective effectors. A direct tone control switch, and effect (1) and (2) L/R switches set a form in which the signal with an imparted effect is output. The input forms of those signals, the kinds of effects and the output form of the signals with an imparted effect are displayed on a list display. The user operates a ten-key unit to select a desired input and output forms of the signals and the kinds of effects to be imparted to the signal while viewing the list display.

Abstract: A plurality of photosensors are formed on an insulation substrate in a matrix fashion. Each of the photosensors includes a photoelectric conversion semiconductor, first and second gate electrodes, a drain electrode and a source electrode. A signal line is connected to each drain electrode. After precharge signals are applied to the respective signal lines by driving a switching circuit, a sense voltage is applied to the first gate electrode, a selection voltage is applied to the second gate electrode, while a light beam is supplied to the photoelectric conversion semiconductor. As a result, the precharge voltages held on the signal lines are lowered by voltages corresponding to the intensity of the incident light beam.

Abstract: A TFT panel comprises a transparent substrate made of glass, a plurality of transparent pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix on the transparent substrate, thin-film transistors (TFTs) respectively connected to the pixel electrodes, gate lines respectively connected to the gate electrodes of the TFTs arranged in a column direction of the matrix, data lines respectively connected to drain electrodes of the TFTs arranged in a line direction of the matrix, and capacitor lines for forming storage capacitors. One capacitor line is arranged so as to overlap two adjacent pixel electrodes with an insulating film interposed between the capacitor line and the adjacent pixel electrodes. Two gate lines are interposed between pairs of pixel electrode columns adjacent to each other. The gate electrodes of the TFTs of a pixel electrode column are connected to the gate line adjacent to the pixel electrode column.

Abstract: Recorded data is read by an image sensor from a recording medium on which the data is two-dimensionally recorded in a mesh pattern, and the read data is stored in an image RAM. The stored data is subjected to data decoding and error correction to reproduce target data. A scanning reference pattern of a mesh pattern recorded on the recording medium serves as a guide when the stored recorded data read by the image sensor is reproduced by scanning in the image RAM. A reproduction apparatus has a capability of coping with a partial destruction of the scanning reference pattern. Error checking codes are added to the recording medium in addition to the target data. These items of data are recorded as an encoded image after being subjected to scrambling processing and randomization processing. The reproduction apparatus can easily cope with an error when the encoded image is reproduced.

Abstract: An indication or image on a display unit is switched in response to changes in performance data of a tune which is being played automatically. Tone pitch data included in the performance data are detected, and the indication on the display unit is switched in response to changes in the detected tone pitch data. Velocity data and tone color data in the performance data may be used in place of the tone pitch data. If a tune is automatically played based on a plurality of performance data which are simultaneously read out, the indication on the display unit is switched based on changes in either of the plurality of performance data. If switching data representing changes of rhythm of the tune is included in the performance data, the switching data are detected, and are used to change a way of switching the indication (image) on the display unit. The indication or image on the display unit may be switched at timings based on beats or strong beats or at timings of measures.

Abstract: A composition conditioning system selects a music structure from a music structure database. The selected music structure specifies a first condition of music composition. A style input specifies a second condition of music composition. A melody rhythm composer retrieves, from a rhythm pattern database, an appropriate rhythm pattern for the composition condition. A chord progression composer retrieves, from a chord progression database, a suitable chord progression for the composition condition. A melody pitch composer generates a pitch candidate for a new melody note from an old melody note pitch and a current music progression (tonality and chord). A pattern recognizing module analyzes a melody up to the candidate into a melody pattern. A test module searches through a melody pattern rule base for the analyzed melody pattern.

Abstract: A display apparatus used in an electronic calculator with a fraction calculating function is constructed by arranging 8-shaped display members made of 7 segments at upper, intermediate and lower stages, while commonly using some of these display segments. A numerator of a fraction is displayed on the upper-staged display member, a denominator of this fraction is displayed on the lower-staged display member, and a bar thereof is displayed utilizing the intermediate display member, so that the fraction may be displayed in the normal mathematic expression form.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an optical system for forming an image of an object. An image pickup section effects the image pickup operation by causing a one-dimensional image pickup device to scan an image formed by the optical system. A light exposure detecting section detects light exposure based on a luminance signal output according to the scanning operation of the one-dimensional image pickup device at the light exposure detection time. A control section controls the image pickup section according to the light exposure detected by the light exposure detecting section at the time of image pickup operation.

Abstract: A filter device has a variable frequency cut-off characteristic as well as a variable gain characteristic. To obtain these characteristics, a filtering operation is performed on data input thereto on the basis of a transmission function, which is defined by gain G for predetermined frequencies and a frequency fo corresponding to a phase at an intersection of a unit circle and a straight line intersecting at right angles a real axis passing a midpoint between a polar and a zero point on the real axis on Z-plane. An electronic musical instrument employing the filter device can change amplitudes of frequency components involved in musical tones on the basis of performance data, generating musical tones involving complex harmonics and having various tone colors, as a conventional acoustic instrument does.