Abstract: Water-soluble, nonionic cellulose ethers selected from the group consisting of alkylcelluloses and hydroxyalkylcelluloses which are additionally substituted by butenyl groups are used as protective colloids in the preparation of aqueous polymer dispersions.

Abstract: A process for improving the cold flow properties of fuel oils comprising the addition to fuel oil of an additive comprising copolymers of lower olefins and vinyl esters and a terpolymer of 4-methylpentene-1 and an additive composition comprising copolymers of lower olefins and vinyl esters and a terpolymer of 4-methylpentene-1.

Abstract: An intaglio ink for printing illustrations comprises C.I. Pigment Yellow 139 and further, preferably chlorine-free organic yellow pigments and has good rheological and coloristic properties which are comparable with those of conventional intaglio printing inks based on C.I. Pigment Yellow 12.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing coated bleach activator granules in which bleach activator base granules are coated with a coating substance and are simultaneously and/or subsequently thermally conditioned.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of polyolefin waxes synthesized by means of metallocene catalysts for the preparation of solvent-containing pastes. The pastes prepared in this way have a significantly higher paste hardness and an improved heat stability.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of mixtures which comprise mostly sorbitol monoesters, sorbitol diesters and partial glycerides, sorbitol being reacted with triglycerides in the presence of at least one alkaline catalyst, is described, wherein the cocatalyst used for the reaction is:a) a part amount of the product of the above reaction as a self-emulsifier and/orb) an amidoamine of the following formula (I) ##STR1## in which in which: R.sup.1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 13 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an H atom, R.sup.3 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and n is a number from 1 to 6. The novel process gives purer products and leads to a considerably improved space/time yield.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for inhibiting gas hydrate formation, which involves the addition to the aqueous phase, in the case of multiphase mixtures comprising water, gas and possibly condensate, of an amine oxide or salts thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of mixtures of one or more phosphoric esters of the formula (I) with one or more amines of the formula (II) as extreme pressure additives in water-immiscible cooling lubricants ##STR1## in which the substituents have the meaning defined in the description.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of crystalline sodium silicates having a sheet structure and high .delta. phase content from water glass, which has been prepared hydrothermally, by dehydration of the water glass and subsequent crystallization at elevated temperature, which comprises treating the water glass at temperatures of from 50 to 140.degree. C. prior to dehydration.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of acylglutamate solutions by reaction of a glutamic acid salt with an acid chloride in water and in the presence of an anionic or zwitterionic surfactant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of heterogeneous, water-resistant polyvinyl ester dispersions having a film-forming temperature of below 10.degree. C., comprising the formation of a homo- or copolymer A, having a glass transistion temperature of more that 20.degree. C., by seed polymerization of a monomer mixture comprising 85-100% by weight of a vinyl ester of carboxylic acids having 1 to 18 carbon atoms,0-10% by weight of an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or of an N-functional compound and0-5% by weight of a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of a seed base comprising a copolymer B having a glass transition temperature of below 20.degree. C., comprising45-98% by weight of a vinyl ester of carboxylic acids having 1 to 18 carbon atoms,2-50% by weight of an .alpha.-olefin having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and0-5% by weight of a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a concentrate for a heat transfer medium for solar units, comprisinga) from 45 to 98% by weight of triethylene glycol and/or tetraethylene glycol,b) from 1 to 55% by weight of 1,2-propylene glycol and/or ethylene glycol, andc) from 1 to 6% by weight of corrosion inhibitors.The concentrate is used in admixture with water for heat transport in solar units.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing phosphonous esters which comprisesa) reacting elemental yellow phosphorus with alkyl halides in the presence of alkali metal hydroxides and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxides to form a mixture which comprises, as main components, the alkali metal salts and/or alkaline earth metal salts of the alkylphosphonous, phosphorous and hypophosphorous acids,b) removing the alkylphosphonous acid from the mixture obtained by a)c) esterifying the alkylphosphonous acid.The invention likewise relates to the use of the phosphonous esters prepared by this process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing phosphinic esters which comprisesa) reacting elemental yellow phosphorus with alkyl halides in the presence of alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide to form a mixture which comprises as main constituents the alkali metal salts and/or alkaline earth metal salts of alkylphosphonous acid, phosphorous acid and hypophosphorous acidb) removing the alkylphosphonous acid from the mixture obtained as described in a),c) esterifying the alkylphosphonous acid,d) adding the resultant ester of the alkylphosphonous acid to a compound having at least one C.dbd.C double bond.The invention likewise relates to the use of the phosphinic esters prepared by this process inter alia as flame retardants and as precursor for further syntheses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation and work-up of N-hydroxyalkylchitosans soluble in aqueous media, comprising the measuresdispersion of chitosan in an aqueous medium,subsequent hydroxyalkylation of the dispersed chitosan andsubsequent work-up of the N-hydroxyalkylchitosan, which comprises carrying out the hydroxyalkylation up to an average degree of substitution (DS) of 2.0, preferably 1.5 to 2.0, if desired removing some of the aqueous medium after the hydroxyalkylation and before the work-up and performing the work-up of the N-hydroxyalkylchitosan by drying.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for improving the cold-flow properties of oils having a sulfur content of less than 500 ppm and a content of n-paraffins having a chain length of C.sub.18 or longer of at least 8% by weight, comprising adding an additive comprising a mixture of A) from 15 to 50% by weight of a copolymer comprising, besides from 87 to 92 mol % of structural units derived from ethylene;a) from 6.5 to 12 mol % of structural units derived from vinyl acetate andb) from 0.5 to 6 mol % of structural units derived from 4-methyl-1-pentene, with the proviso that the sum of the molar proportions of structural units a) and b) is from 8 to 14 mol %, and B) from 85 to 50% by weight of at least one further copolymer or terpolymer of ethylene and vinyl esters or acrylates which is per se a cold-flow improver.The invention furthermore relates to an additive for improving the cold-flow behavior of mineral oils and mineral-oil distillates, and to fuel oil compositions containing these additives.

Abstract: Cyclosaccharide-boron complexes consisting of 1 to 4 cyclodextrin units and one borate radical of the formula (I): ##STR1## have good charge control properties and lend themselves excellently to dispersion in toner, powder coating and electret binders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of using polyolefin waxes prepared by means of metallocene catalysts as additive components in printing inks and surface coatings.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing an isochroman-3-one of the formula (I) by reacting a 1,2-bishalomethylbenzene of the formula (II) ##STR1## in which X is chlorine, bromine or iodine with carbon monoxide and water at a CO pressure of from 0.1 to 50 MPa and a temperature of from 20 to 200.degree. C. in the presence or absence of an ionic halide, in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a dipolar aprotic solvent, where in the formulae (I) and (II) the radicals R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently of one another denote:a hydrogen or fluorine atom;a HO.sub.2 CCH.dbd.CH--, NC-- or F.sub.3 C group;an alkyl, alkoxy or acyloxy radical having in each case 1 to 18 carbon atoms; or a C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 -aryloxy, aryl or heteroaryl radical, where the heteroatoms present are 1 to 3 atoms from the group O, N and/or S;a R.sup.5.sub.2 P(.dbd.O)--, R.sup.6 C(.dbd.O)--, R.sup.6 OC(.dbd.O)--, R.sup.6 OC(.dbd.O)CH.dbd.CH--, R.sup.7 C(.dbd.O)--, R.sup.7 OC(.dbd.O)CH.dbd.CH-- or R.sup.7.sub.

Abstract: Ester quats of the formula (1) below are described: ##STR1## where RCO is an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 is a methyl radical, R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl radical, R.sup.3 is a C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkyl radical and X.sup.- is a halogen anion. They are prepared by quaternizing the corresponding carboxylic acid ethanolamine ester compound with a methyl halide in the absence or presence of solvents. The ester quats of the invention have a low melting point. Furthermore, even in high concentration they are highly water soluble and, on account of their preparation, are obtained in high purity and free from toxic contents. These ester quats can be used in many ways and are suitable, for example, for preparing solid or aqueous formulations having a high surfactant effect.