Abstract: Mixed crystal pigments of the quinacridone series New quinacridone mixed crystal pigments consisting ofa) from 85 to 99% by weight of unsubstituted .beta.-phase quinacridone of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen atoms and b) from 1 to 15% by weight of one or more substituted quinacridones of the formula (I) in which the substituents R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and are chlorine, bromine or fluorine atoms or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy or carboxamido groups which can be substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl groups, and R.sup.1 may additionally be hydrogen, are valuable quinacridones in the red-violet range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of N-carboxyalkyl-3-fluoro-4-dialkylaminoanilines, which comprises reacting, in a first step, an ortho-nitrochlorobenzene of the formula (1) in which X is Cl or F, with a secondary amine of the formula (2) HNR.sup.1 R.sup.2, in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently of one another, are identical or different and are an alkyl radical having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or, together with the N atom to which they are bonded, form a ring having from 3 to 7 members, in the presence of a base in the presence or absence of a solvent at from -10 to 120.degree. C., reacting, in a second step, the 2-chloro-4-dialkylamino-5-fluoronitrobenzene with hydrogen at from 30 to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: The flame-resistant polyurethanes of the invention comprise, as flameproofing agents, mixtures of oligomeric phosphoric acid esters which carry hydroxyalkoxy groups, of the formula I ##STR1## in which q denotes an average chain length of 0.5 to 10, R.sub.1 is a hydroxyl-containing radical of the formula II a,R.sub.2 is a radical of the formula III ##STR2## R.sub.3 is a radical of the formula II b, R.sub.4 is R.sub.1 or R.sub.3 ; R.sub.5,R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are an H atom or an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, m is 0 to 4 and n is 1 to 4.

Abstract: 4,4'-Dimethyl-6,6'-dichlorothioindigo is obtained in the stable crystal modification I, distinguished by the fraction angles (2 theta):lines of high intensity: 25.99; 27.26lines of moderate intensity: 10.27; 12.48; 22.39; 23.91; 24.82; 28.87,by oxidizing 3-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-chlorothionaphthene having a mean particle size of at most 20 .mu.m.

Abstract: Compounds have the formula (I), ##STR1## in which R stands for straight-chain or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.20) alkyl, phenyl or CH.sub.2 phenyl, the alkyl group or phenyl group being optionally substituted by halogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkoxy, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 independently represent hydrogen, halogen, OH, NO.sub.2, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkoxy, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkyl or halogen-substituted (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkyl. Also disclosed is a process for preparing these compounds.

Abstract: Novel water-soluble homo- or copolymers are described which comprise 1,1-diallyl-3,4-dimethylenepyrrolidinium cations in the polymer and can additionally include 1,1-dialkyl-3,4-dimethylenepyrrolidinium cations. The polymers are prepared by first polymerizing a diallylammonium salt of the formula [(CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--CH.sub.2).sub.2 NH.sub.2 ].sup.+ X.sup.- in which X.sup.- is the anion of any Bronstedt acid and, preferably, a halide, alone or together with an unsaturated comonomer, and reacting the resulting polymer or copolymer with a base and an allyl halide. The novel polymers are preferably used for treating textiles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel stabilizers of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which the substituents have the meaning defined in the description. These novel stabilizers are particularly suitable for stabilizing organic material, such as plastics, oils, paints and coatings, against degradation by light, radiation, heat and oxygen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing dialkylphosphinate salts, which comprisesa) reacting elemental yellow phosphorus with alkyl halides in the presence of alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide to form a mixture which comprises as main constituents the salts of alkylphosphonous, phosphorous and hypophosphorous acids,b) adjusting the mixture to a pH below 7 and then reacting the mixture with olefins in the presence of a free-radical initiator andc) reacting the dialkylphosphinic acids obtained according to b) and/or alkali metal salts thereof with metal compounds of Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Zn, Fe, Zr, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na and/or K to give the metal dialkylphosphinate salts.The invention likewise relates to the use of the metal dialkylphosphinate salts prepared by the process according to the invention to prepare flame retardants.

Abstract: A redoxcatalyst system capable of being used for free-radical emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds, comprising at least one oxidizing agent and at least one reducing agent, said reducing agent comprising an at least bifunctional aldehyde having at least 3 carbon atoms which is completely masked as a bisulfite adduct.

Abstract: Metal complexes of the formula 1[L.sub.n M.sub.m X.sub.p ].sup.z Y.sub.q (1)whereM is manganese in oxidation state II, III, IV, V and/or VI or cobalt in oxidation state II and/or III or iron in oxidation state II and/or III,X is a coordinating or bridging group,Y is a counterion in the appropriate stoichiometric amount to compensate an existing charge z, wherez as the charge of the metal complex can be positive, zero or negative, n and m independently of one another are integers from 1 to 4,p is an integer from 0 to 15,q is z/charge of Y, andL is a ligand of the formula (2), (3) or (4) ##STR1## and A and R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 are as defined in the description.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 3,5-difluoroaniline by reacting 3,5-difluorochlorobenzene with ammonia in the presence of a solvent in the presence of a copper compound and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and zinc, at 100 to 250.degree. C.

Abstract: Novel pigment formulations which comprise at least one organic pigment selected from the class consisting of perylene, perinone, quinacridone, azo, benzimidazolone, anthraquinone or anthanthrone pigments and at least one pigment-dispersing agent of the formula (I) ##STR1## have improved rheological and coloristic properties, in particular in aqueous and nonaqueous coating systems.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flame-resistant epoxy resin mixture comprising epoxy resins, phosphorus-containing compounds and a hardener, which comprises a phosphorus-containing compound of the formula I or II ##STR1## in which R1 and R2 are identical or different and are a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl or aryl radical or an alkyl- or alkoxy-substituted alkyl radical of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, it also being possible for R1 and R2, together with the P atom, to form a ring, and m and n are 0 or 1, to a process for their preparation and to their use.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium compounds, their preparation and use Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## are claimed, as are their preparation and use, in which the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are organic substituents, L is either a lactam or a cyclic amidine and X is an appropriate anion. The novel compounds are employed as bleach activators in cleaners and detergents which have a bleaching action.

Abstract: The use is claimed of compounds of the general formula ##STR1## in which the radicals A and R are as defined in the description. The novel compounds are employed as bleach catalysts in bleaching detergents and cleaning products.

Abstract: Water-soluble perylene dyestuffs, their preparation and their useThe present Application relates to water-soluble perylene dyestuffs of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are the radicals A--X--COOM or A--X--SO.sub.3 M;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently of one another are the radicals R.sup.1 or R.sup.2, or are OR.sup.5 or NR.sup.6 R.sup.7 ;A is NR.sup.8 or S;X is a straight-chain or branched alkylene radical, a straight-chain or branched alkylene radical which is substituted by hydroxyl, carboxyl or amino, an arylene radical or an arylene radical which is optionally substituted by hydroxyl, carboxyl or sulfo;R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 independently of one another are hydrogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl which is substitituted by one or more hydroxyl, 2-hydroxyethoxy, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkoxy or amino groups;R.sup.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for removing skin, membranes, bones, cartilage, antennae, legs, shell, beard and/or veins from seafood prior to, during and/or after the seafood is cooked. The apparatus generally having: (a) measuring means for locating bones within the seafood; (b) cutting means for separating the skin, membrane, bone, cartilage, antennae, legs, shell, beard or vein from the seafood; and (c) pinching means for gripping and removing the skin, membrane, bone, cartilage, antennae, legs, shell, beard or vein from the seafood. The apparatus may further comprise such elements as, but not limited to: (d) handle means for holding and manipulating the measuring means, cutting means, or pinching means during use of the apparatus; (e) gripping means for enhancing the ability to securely grip the handle means during use thereof; and/or (f) means for selectively removing the cutting means from the handle means for easy cleaning thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to crude oils and products derived therefrom, comprising, as asphaltene-dispersing agent, sarcosinates of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is C.sub.7 -C.sub.21 -alkyl or -alkenyl andR.sub.2 is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 -alkyl.Precipitating out of asphaltenes is prevented by these dispersing agents.

Abstract: A process for preparing N-carboxymethylene-4-chloroanthranilic acid, and its dialkyl esters. The invention relates to a process for preparing N-carboxymethylene-4-chloroanthranilic acid and its dialkyl esters, which comprises reacting 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid in the presence of a base, of a solvent and of a catalyst with glycine to give N-carboxymethylene-4-chloroanthranilic acid and, where appropriate, reacting the latter in the presence of a base and of a solvent with a dialkyl sulfate, dialkyl carbonate or alkyl halide to give the dialkyl ester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of dioxazine derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-alkyl, by ring closure of a compound of the formula II ##STR2## in the presence of a ring-closure agent, wherein the ring-closure agent used is an N-hetarene N-oxide. The compounds of the formula I are used for producing valuable dyes and pigments.