Abstract: 4-Chlorobiphenyls are prepared by reacting a haloaromatic with an aryl Grignard compound, where halogen is chlorine, bromine or iodine, in the presence of a palladium catalyst of the formula (IV) ##STR1##

Abstract: The invention relates to mixtures of long-chain alkyl phosphates of the formula ##STR1## in which R is a mixture of C.sub.12 -C.sub.22, preferably C.sub.14 -C.sub.20, straight-chain alkyl radicals and C.sub.12 -C.sub.22, preferably C.sub.14 -C.sub.20, .beta.-branched alkyl radicals, and X and Y are identical or different and are hydrogen, alkali metal or an equivalent of an alkaline earth metal, ammonium, mono-, di- or tri-alkylammonium or an organic base, or X and/or Y are as defined under R. These esters are suitable as emulsifiers, in particular for oil-in-water emulsions of a cosmetic pharmaceutical nature.

Abstract: Surfactant mixtures based on acyloxyalkanesulfonates prepared by reacting more than one mole of one or more fatty acids with one mole of a mixture of alkali metal and/or alkanline earth metal hydroxyalkanesulfonate and ammonium hydroxyalkanesulfonate in the presence of an esterification catalyst at a temperature from 100 to 260.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to bleach activator granules of ammonium nitrile and phyllosilicate, obtained by mixing the two components, compressing them and comminuting the resulting agglomerates to the desired particle size.

Abstract: A negative-working radiation-sensitive mixture containinga) a compound which generates a strong acid under the action of actinic radiation,b) a compound having at least two groups crosslinkable by means of acid andc) a polymeric binder which is insoluble in water and soluble or at least swellable in aqueous alkaline solutions,wherein the compound (a) comprises a di-, tri- or tetra-hydroxybenzene which may be further substituted, or a polymer containing a di-, tri-, or tetra- hydroxy phenyl radical, is esterified with respectively 2, 3 or 4 sulfonic acids of the formula R--SO.sub.3 H, and is distinguished by high resolution and high sensitivity over a wide spectral range. It also shows high thermal stability and does not form any corrosive photolysis products on exposure. A radiation-sensitive recording material produced with this mixture is suitable for the production of photoresists, electronic components, printing plates or for chemical milling.

Abstract: The present invention relates to crude oils and products derived therefrom comprising, as asphaltene dispersant, ethercarboxylic acids of the formulaRO(CH.sub.2 CHR.sub.1 O).sub.x (CH.sub.2 CHR.sub.2 O).sub.y CH.sub.2 --CO.sub.2 Hwhere the substituents have the meaning defined in the description.

Abstract: The invention relates to low-viscosity, aqueous coolant brines based on inhibited alkali metal acetates and/or formates having improved corrosion protection, wherein the coolant brines contain 0.2 to 5% by weight of alkali metal sulfites or pyrosulfites, in particular 1 to 2.5% by weight of these sulfites. The brines according to the invention furthermore contain 0.3 to 5% by weight of basic substances from the alkali metal carbonates, hydroxides, borates and phosphates group and also 0 to 0.3% by weight of alkali metal silicates and 0.02 to 0.2% by weight of stabilizers from the triazoles, benzimidazoles and/or mercaptothiazoles group. The novel coolant brines result in very low corrosion rates, in particular with steel and cast iron.

Abstract: The deicing composition described consists essentially of a) from 87 to 99.45% by weight of an alkali metal acetate or an alkali metal formate or a mixture thereof, b) from 0.5 to 10% by weight of an alkali metal silicate, and c) from 0.05 to 3% by weight of an alkali metal phosphate. It can be employed in solid form (powder, granules and the like) or in the form of an aqueous solution. It ensures a short thaw time and corrosion protection, especially with regard to magnesium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing arylhydrazines of the formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 Ar--NH--NH.sub.2 (I) by reacting an arylhydrazinedisulfonate of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are identical or different and are H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, halogen or OH, Ar is phenyl or naphthyl, M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 are identical or different and are H, NH.sub.4, an alkali metal or 1/2 alkaline earth metal and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and Ar in the formulae (I) and (II) have the same meaning, with water and an inorganic acid at from 0 to 100.degree. C. in the presence of an inert organic solvent to give the corresponding arylhydrazine salt and treating the arylhydrazine salt with a base.

Abstract: The invention relates to high-foaming zwitterionic and anionic surfactants which are prepared by sulfation of N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl-sugar amides, preferably using gaseous sulfur trioxide. The invention furthermore relates to compositions which comprise known surfactants and suitable solvents, in addition to the novel active compounds. The novel surfactants are particularly suitable for detergents and cosmetic formulations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fireproof coating which forms an insulating layer and is based on carbon-forming substances forming a foam layer in the case of a fire, film-forming binders, blowing agents and conventional assistants and additives, wherein said coating contains, as blowing agents, a melamine salt and/or guanidine salts and/or microencapsulated melamine.The fireproof coating forming an insulating layer and according to the invention is stable in particular under tropical conditions (up to 100% rel. humidity, about 75.degree. C.), i.e. it releases only very little NH.sub.3.

Abstract: Polyvinyl alcohol compositions in the form of an aqueous solution are disclosed, where the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol compositions include: (i) polyvinyl alcohol; (ii) at least one polyaldehyde having at least 3 carbon atoms and being masked completely as a water-soluble hydrogen sulfite adduct; and (ii) at least one compound which is acidic in water. The aqueous polyvinyl alcohol compositions are suitable as adhesives and for use in cast films.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the reduction of nitro groups to amino groups, characterized that a nitro compound is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of an aqueous solution of a water-soluble metal catalyst of the formula M (L).sub.n (Y).sub.m wherein M is ruthenium, rhodium, nickel, or palladium; L, is a water soluble ligand; Y is a further ligand or an alkaline earth ion; n is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and m is 0, 1, or 2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 3-acetoxy-2-methylbenzoyl chloride by reacting an alkali metal salt of 3-aminonaph-thalene-1,5-disulfonic acid with alkali metal hydroxide and water in the weight ratio 1:(1 to 1.6):(1 to 1.6) at 220 to 320.degree. C. to give the dialkali metal salt of the 3-hydroxy-2-methylbenzoic acid, separating off insoluble constituents from the reaction mixture, then adjusting the reaction mixture to a pH of 11.5 to 13.5 by addition of acid and reacting with acetic anhydride at -5 to +25.degree. C., precipitating the 3-acetoxy-2-methylbenzoic acid by addition of acid, separating off the 3-acetoxy-2-methylbenzoic acid and reacting it with an inorganic acid chloride to give 3-acetoxy-2-methylbenzoyl chloride.

Abstract: Granular secondary alkanesulfonate, essentially comprising finely divided, solid sec. alkanesulfonate and an additive. This granular sec. alkanesulfonate is obtained by grinding and mixing coarse sec. alkanesulfonate with an additive. The resulting alkanesulfonate can be used in solid detergent and cleaning product compositions or directly for producing extrudates, pressed articles or compacts.

Abstract: Inter-polyelectrolyte complexes (IPECs) are employed as charge control agents and charge improvers in electrophotographic toners and developers, in triboelectrically or electrokinetically sprayable powders and powder coating materials and in electret materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of compounds of the formula ##STR1## as bleach activators in detergents and cleaners, where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, X and A are as defined in the description.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of the formula 1 ##STR1## by reacting a secondary acid amide of the formula 2 ##STR2## with an acid chloride of the formula 3 ##STR3## in the presence of N,N-diisopropyl-N-ethylamine. R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are alkyl or alkenyl radicals, if required also aryl radicals. The compounds of the formula 1 are suitable for use as insecticides or bleach activators.

Abstract: Azo pigment of the formula (1) ##STR1## which has a specific surface area of the pigment powder of more than 45 m.sup.2 /g.The azo pigment is particularly suitable as colorant in electrophotographic toners and developers, and in powder coatings and electret materials.

Abstract: Novel colloid dispersion mixtures as protective colloid for aqueous emulsion polymerization, processes for preparing them and their use.The present invention relates to novel colloid dispersion mixtures comprising a water-soluble monomer and a water-insoluble comonomer, to processes for their preparation and to their use as protective colloid for emulsion polymerization.