Abstract: In a damper valve for use in a steering damper arrangement of a motor vehicle having a hydrostatic displacement motor for operating the vehicle steering mechanism wherein hydraulic fluid lines extending between the hydraulic motor and a servo-valve include the damper valve, the damper valve has a throttling arrangement which permits fluid flow in one direction and limits fluid flow in the opposite direction but permits essentially unlimited fluid flow in both directions as long as the pressure difference across the damper valve is below a predetermined threshold value so as to permit unrestricted normal steering movements of the vehicle steering system, but dampen shock movements thereof.

Abstract: In a liquid cooled multi-cylinder internal combustion engine comprising an engine block having a cooling water space, wherein a cylinder head is mounted on the engine block by cylinder head bolts with a cylinder head gasket disposed therebetween, and the cylinder head includes a water space which is in communication with the engine block water space by passages extending through the gasket and the cylinder head bottom wall, the cylinder head bolts extend through the passages into the engine block in spaced relationship from the walls defining the passages such that cooling water flowing from the engine block cooling water space through the passages to the cylinder head cooling water space, flows along the cylinder head bolts maintaining them at cooling water temperature, and the cylinder head includes in its cooling water space longitudinal ribs extending between the cylinder head bottom and top walls for reinforcing the cylinder head.

Abstract: A triggering circuit for a passenger restraint system for motor vehicles is provided with at lest one belt tightener for tightening a safety belt associated with a vehicle seat. A triggering circuit evaluates the acceleration signal from an accelerometer and delivers a triggering signal to the belt tightener when a critical impact is detected. An evaluation channel detects a rear-end collision. In the evaluation channel, on the basis of the acceleration signal that appears in the event of a rear-end collision, a travel signal that characterizes backward displacement of the passenger is determined that permits the triggering signal to be output to the belt tightener when a threshold value is exceeded.

Abstract: A triaxially stabilized earth oriented satellite is provided with an attitude control system. The attitude control system contains a controller, final control elements for generating control torques around each of three axes of a system of coordinates (principle axes x, y, z) fixed relative to the satellite. Additionally, the attitude control system comprises, as measuring transducers, exclusively a direction vector measurement device, like a magnetometer or star sensor, a sun sensor array and an earth sensor. The process of the invention makes use of the apparatus as noted above and includes the steps of:A. determining an estimate for the rotating velocity of the satellite from a direction vector measurement;B. searching for the sun, depending on the size of the field of view of the sensor, by one or two search rotations at right angles to the optical axis;C. adjusting the direction of the sun relative to the optical axis; andD. adjusting the direction vector measurement to a reference direction S.sub.

Abstract: A releasing device for rocket fuel lines, arranged between a tank outlet and a shutoff valve, which releases the flow path at a defined, tank-side overpressure, with a piston-like bursting element. A disk is provided with a predetermined breaking point and with a clamping flange, as well as a guide rod that is rigidly attached to the disk, and a catching basket that is permeable to flow and fixes the disk in a positive-locking manner after rupture and axial movement.

Abstract: A sleeve slidable along an axial direction of the impeller shaft produces a variable width of the channels leading into and out of the bypass. The sleeve can be a single unit, a telescopic slide, or a slide of two relatively movable parts.

Abstract: A device, for determining road tolls having a road storage unit in which, in addition to a road network, parameters are electronically stored which represent a proportional toll due for each route section of the road network. A device for determining the vehicle position is provided, as well as a computer unit which determines the toll for a vehicle travelling over a particular route as least in dependence on the parameter and position data. An adaptation to changing tolls is possible in a simple matter with this device by storing new or further parameters influencing the toll.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for controlling the switching-off process of the branches of a reluctance engine whose stator is provided with windings to which are transmitted current pulses calculated as a function of angular position and speed of rotation of the rotor according to a predetermined algorithm. The excited branch is switched off when a switching-off angle is reached after a zero crossing reference angle. Two ranges of operation called "chop" range and blocked voltage range must be differentiated. The switching-off angle for both ranges of operation of the reluctance engine is calculated according to the same algorithm and is set by a regulator. In the lower speed of rotation range, the "chop" range, a pulse width modulated voltage is applied to the conductive branch, and in the upper range, the blocked voltage range, a constant voltage is applied.

Abstract: A composite structure for electronic components, having a base substrate with a flat side provided with a depression, and having a cover layer which is disposed on the flat side structured by the depression, and the depression being covered to form a hollow structure. The depression in the base substrate is created prior to the deposition of the cover layer and has a clear width measured parallel to the flat side that is less than one-half of its clear depth measured before the cover layer is applied. The vapor phase deposited cover layer is formed from a material which has a sufficiently high surface tension to promote three-dimensional growth of the vapor phase deposited layer.

Abstract: A power converter circuit arrangement having a plurality of parallel power converters or power converter arms is specified, in which an effective uniform distribution of current can be achieved in a simple manner. This is achieved by virtue of the fact that balancing inductors which are arranged between two adjacent power converters comprise at least one ring core, and that the load connections of two adjacent power converters or power converter arms are looped through the ring cores from different sides and are brought together to a common load current connection of all of the parallel power converters or power converter arms.

Abstract: In a method for automatically monitoring traffic, traffic data are recorded at several measuring points of the traffic network. The time-dependent positions of the upstream back-up flank and of the downstream back-up flank are estimated continuously according to characteristic relationships which take into account the flow and the density of the traffic in the back-up, the point in time at which the upstream back-up flank passes a respective first measuring point, the point in time at which the downstream back-up flank passes this measuring point as well as the flow and the average vehicle speed at this first as well as at a second measuring point which is situated upstream of the upstream back-up flank.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning hydraulic fluid includes a centrifugal fluid-spinning disk arranged in a housing, of which an upper portion forms a vapor chamber and a lower portion forms a fluid collecting basin. A vacuum pump is connected to the housing through an oil mist separator, such that water vapor is vacuumed away and hydraulic fluid collects in the oil mist separator to then be pumped away. The apparatus further includes preferably a single container that contains both the contaminated hydraulic fluid that is to be cleaned and the cleaned hydraulic fluid. A flexible inlet line and a flexible outlet line with respective hydraulic quick connectors are provided to connect the apparatus and particularly the oil container to a hydraulic system of an aircraft, for example. A high pressure pump connected to the outlet line pumps the cleaned hydraulic fluid into the aircraft hydraulic system and a pressure maintaining valve in the inlet line maintains the system pressure.

Abstract: A method and a device for the precision turning of a workpiece made of a heat-treatable steel permits a dry hard precision turning of hardened workpiece surfaces without tempering. In order also to allow precision turning and hardening of unhardened workpiece surfaces which are simultaneous in terms of production time, use is made of the local temporary heating of the workpiece caused by machining. The workpiece surface is heated further locally by the action of a laser beam, in the region directly behind the cutter, up to the transformation temperature of the material to be machined via an optical fiber integrated in the tool. The surface is then self-quenched and, as a result, hardened close to the surface. At the same time, the surface temperature at the point of action of the laser beam can be recorded thermographically and, this actual temperature signal can be used to adjust the power of the laser beam so as to maintain the desired temperature.

Abstract: Converters having a 1st power converter (1) on the mains systems side and a 2nd power converter (9) on the load side may have valve arms with insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) (T1, T2; T1', T2'). In order to be able to switch high currents, as are required in traction applications, a plurality of IGBTs (T1, T2) and (T1', T2') are operated electrically in parallel with one another. In order to avoid destruction or explosion of a module having IGBTs (T1, T2; T1', T2') of this type in the event of a short circuit, a fuse (Si1, Si2; Si1', Si2') is connected in series with each IGBT (T1, T2; T1', T2') on the cathode side thereof, which fuse blows when a predeterminable limit current intensity is exceeded, and thereby interrupts the short-circuit current. The current then flows only via the parallel-connected IGBT.

Abstract: A process and system for the computer-aided geometry modeling which makes possible a declarative, sequence-independent description of geometric shapes and geometric features and leads to an integrated modeling, which unites in itself geometric relationships and connects them with non-geometric information. To achieve this, the geometry-related information is represented in the form of a representation element, to which a density (.rho.) is assigned in the form of a real number. The linking of individual representation elements is performed by a single commutative and associative linking operation. A volume level, a topology level, and a generic area and edge level located between these levels are provided as the description levels for the actually relevant information. A feature level, at which features are defined and at which a knowledge-based system can be used, is located above these description levels.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas turbocharger turbine for an internal combustion engine including a turbine housing with a turbine wheel disposed therein, an axially movable slide member having a front end with a vane structure is disposed in an annular gap formed in the turbine housing adjacent a radial flow passage leading to the turbine wheel such that the annular slide member is movable between a first position in which its vane structure is disposed in the radial flow passage and a second position in which the vane structure is received within the annular gap and blow off passages which extend through the turbine housing from the radial flow passage through the annular gap to the discharge side of the turbine are opened when the annular slide member is further retracted for discharging gas from the radial flow passage to the turbine discharge side while by-passing the turbine.

Abstract: The invention provides a composite structure for microelectronic components having a self-supporting metal plate, an electrically insulating layer adhering to the metal plate, and a functional layer adhering to the insulating layer for the application of at least one microelectronic component. An at least largely monocrystalline information layer which covers the metal plate at points is applied to the self-supporting metal plate. The regions of the surface of the metal plate which are free of the information layer are provided with the insulating layer. When the surface of the information layer is exposed at least in regions, the functional layer is deposited on the insulating layer and on the exposed information layer. The crystal information required for an epitaxial deposition of the functional layer is taken from the information layer.

Abstract: A process for producing high-resistance SiC from low-resistance SiC starting material. The flat (shallow) donor levels of a prevailing nitrogen impurity are overcompensated by admixture of a trivalent doping element with the concentration of the doping element in the SiC being such that it changes the conductivity type from a n-conductivity to a p-conductivity. In addition, a transition element is added having donor levels approximately in the middle of the SiC energy gap, so that the excess acceptor levels are in turn compensated and a high specific resistance is achieved.

Abstract: A MOS-gate switched power semiconductor component with a semiconductor body that has a number of unit cells arranged side-by-side and switched in parallel and consisting of a p-emitter zone adjacent to the anode, an adjoining, weakly doped n-base zone, then a p-base zone and an adjoining n-emitter zone. Incorporated in the n-emitter zone of the unit cells are pairs of p.sup.+ zones (5a, 5b) which, together with the n zone between them and an insulated gate situated above, form a lateral p-channel MOSFET (M1). The n-emitter zone (4) is equipped with a floating cathode contact (K') which at the same time constitutes the electrode of the p.sup.+ region serving as source. The p+ region serving as drain is connected to an external cathode (K), which has no contact with the n-emitter zone. Another MOSFET is formed by the surface region of the p-base zone (3) and the intervening region of the n-emitter zone (4b) together with an insulating gate.