Abstract: With a transistor ignition system, in order to generate an ion current measurement signal at the secondary end, the ignition transistor, following an ignition triggering impulse, will be driven such that a saw-toothed collector current results as a primary current, and whose rate of increase is selected such that the quasi-stationary direct voltage generated hereby at the secondary end will not trigger any ignition process. The advantage is that for generating such a measurement signal as well as for its evaluation only a few components are required.

Abstract: A snap fastener for securing two structural components to each other has a fastener section with a head and stem with at least one axial slot (6, 7) in the stem opposite the head to form snap-on members (3A, 3B, . . . ) spaced by the slot (6, 7) in the stem (S). A washer fits over the snap-on members around the stem when the snap-on members are pressed toward each other. The locking members have shoulders (4) that engage the washer and form the snap-on connection. A locking bail (12) fits with a central portion into the slot so that the snap-on members cannot be pressed together anymore, thereby preventing the unlocking. The locking bail has at least one locking hook (15 or 16) that engages the washer so that the central portion (13) of the locking bail (12) cannot escape out of the slot. The locking hook can be intentionally disengaged against its elasticity for removing the snap fastener.

Abstract: A clamp for securing a protection hose to an electrical connector is formed as a cuff with a longitudinal gap. The cuff has an inherent bias which normally tends to close the gap. The cuff is provided with tool insertion elements for widening the gap to insert the protection hose into the cuff. When a tool is released the inherent bias generates force components so directed that the cuff will clamp the hose between the connector and the cuff. The tool insertion elements may also be used for electrically grounding the cuff made of electrically conducting material.

Abstract: The piezoelectric actuator consists of at least two disk-shaped congruent bending elements which each have a carrier plate made of a hard-elastic material with a layer of a piezoelectric material applied to one or both sides. Two bending elements respectively are connected with one another by way of at least two bending joints arranged on the circumference of the carrier plates.

Abstract: In a hydraulic valve control arrangement particularly of an internal combustion engine wherein the valve has a valve stem by which it is supported so as to be slideable between a closed and an open position and first there are provided first spring means biasing the valve in the closed position and second spring means providing an opening force which is transmitted via a valve tappet and an end of the valve tappet is received in a cylinder which is engaged by the second spring means so as to form a hydraulic force transmitting structure to which hydraulic fluid can be admitted for tensioning the second spring means. The valve tappet has a control piston received in a control chamber to which pressurized fluid is admitted which holds the control piston in either of its open or closed valve end positions and a pressure space is arranged adjacent the closed valve end positions of the control piston to which pressurized fluid can be admitted for initiating opening of the valve.

Abstract: In an emergency oxygen supply system of an aircraft equipped with a pressurized cabin, breathable gas is supplied by a gas generator (1) for generating an oxygen-enriched gas either from the ambient air, or from air tapped from the engine, or from fresh water. The generator may also generate practically pure oxygen. A mixed gas is produced in a mixing unit (14) from the breathable gas and oxygen as needed especially in short duration transition periods to meet official regulations. The oxygen partial pressure in the mixed gas is varied or controlled depending on the cabin pressure. The breathable gas is fed in a constant mass flow through an on-board distribution network to the breathing masks connected to the network. Selectable masks for the crew may receive pure oxygen while most other masks for the passengers receive mixed gas having an adequate oxygen content.

Abstract: A projective device especially useful against hollow charge projectiles is formed of a plurality of spaced apart layers inclined obliquely to the main firing direction of the projectiles. A centrally located combination layer consists of two disrupter layers sandwiching a reaction or explosive layer. On either side of the combination layer is a retardation layer. A movably displaceable layer is located on the opposite of one retardation layer from the combination layer and forms the outside surface of the device, while an immovable layer is on the opposite side of the other retardation layer from the combination layer and forms the inside surface of the device. When a hollow charge projectile impacts against the device, the hollow charge spike generated by the projectile is disrupted on its path through the device so that the effectiveness of the spike is seriously impeded.

Abstract: The invention relates to a charge exchange body with a large active surface as well as the method for its manufacture. The porous supporting structure of the charge exchange body is made of granular structural material, with the average diameter of the grains of the structural material being smaller than 1 .mu.m, especially smaller than 250 nm, and with the grain size differing by a maximum of 40% from its statistical average in more than 60% of the grains of the structural material. In order to make such grains, a dispersion is mixed with biochemical hollow bodies that have an inside diameter according to the above requirements. Salts are added to the dispersion and dissolve therein to form structural ions, with the structural ion being an ion of an element required for the structural material, or a corresponding compound.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for the transmission of data between two terminals in which a portion of the body of a living being completes the data transmission circuit. A first terminal is to be worn by a body of a living being, and an interface is provided for coupling of data signals into the body and/or for coupling them out of the body. A second terminal has a touch-sensitive interface by way of which, in the case of a contact by the body wearing the first terminal, it couples data signals coupled into the body out of the body and/or couples data signals into the body. According to the invention, the interface of the first terminal has a first pair of electrodes which are to be arranged at mutually spaced points of the body, and the interface of the second terminal has a second pair of touch-sensitive electrodes which are to be touched by two other mutually spaced points of the body.

Abstract: A protective device for a door gap between a door and a door frame in the body of an armored, specially protected vehicle. The device prevents projectile splinters from penetrating the interior of the vehicle, and is intended to reduce the door aperture as little as possible when the door is opened. For this purpose, partitions extend from the frame of the door into the door gap. As a result, the gap-covering armor that extends into the door opening area beyond the door frame when the door is opened has a relatively limited extent in the free door aperture area. One of the projectile-deflecting projections on the frame of the door is an anti-splinter strip mounted on the inside of the door and projecting into the door gap, said strip preventing the parts of a broken-up projectile from penetrating the interior of the vehicle and/or deflecting those parts that do penetrate into areas that are noncritical for the vehicle occupants.

Abstract: A structural component, especially a substantially hollow aircraft structural component such as a wing or tail section having an upper chord or shell and a lower chord or shell interconnected to form a substantially hollow bending beam in use, is so constructed that the chord or shell which is primarily taking up tension stress is made of fiber reinforced composite material, while the other chord or shell which primarily takes up compression stress is made of metal. In an aircraft wing the upper wing shell will be made of metal and the lower shell will be made of fiber reinforced composite material. However, the tail plane and elevator assembly will have an upper shell made of fiber reinforced composite material while the lower shell will be made of metal.

Abstract: An impact protection device in a motor vehicle having a vehicle seat has a taut tightening strap which reaches from the upper area of the backrest into the forward area of the seat cushion, so that the backrest is prevented from folding backwards in a vehicle crash. A protective element is positioned laterally on the vehicle seat, so that the impact of a sitting person moving toward the side during a vehicle crash can be damped.

Abstract: The present invention discloses coated objects, such as car bodies, as well as coatings for coating such objects. In order to achieve new, hitherto unknown color effects with said coatings, at least some, and preferably only platelet-like interference pigments are mixed into the coating. When the coating is applied, the interference pigments automatically align themselves in a direction approximately parallel to the object surface. These interference pigments are made of liquid crystalline side chain polymers with a nematic and a chiral component, in which the side group mesogens are at least approximately nematic, smectic and/or cholesteric. Particularly intensive tones having a hitherto unknown brilliance may thus be obtained on a coated object, or a shimmering effect depending on the angle of incidence of light and viewing direction.

Abstract: A process for locating mobile stations in a cellular mobile radio network with several spatially distributed fixed base stations associated each to several cells and several mobile stations. The network has storage devices which contain information about the identify of the mobile stations and about the cells in which the individual mobile stations were last signaled. In order to locate a mobile station in as flexible as possible a manner, but also if required as precisely as possible, the information in the storage devices is used for approximately locating the searched-for mobile station and at least one direction finding is carried out in order to more precisely locate the mobile station. A cellular mobile radio network for carrying out this process is characterized in that the individual stations are each in communication with a direction finder and that the mobile radio network has a locating central office in communication with all direction finders.

Abstract: A circuit in which driver units are associated with data networks that are coupled through at least two single transmission channels is provided. The driver units have a logical signal input and a logical signal output on their sides facing away from the data network, with the signal input or signal output of one driver unit being connected with the signal output or signal input of the other driver unit through a signal transmission channel in each case for coupling each of two data networks. A logical coupling control unit is looped into the coupling signal transmission channels. The unit blocks the signal path to the other signal transmission channel when predetermined blocking signal information appears on one signal transmission channel. This ensures that feedback and oscillation effects are suppressed during the transmission of signals over the transmission channels. The circuit can be used for coupling CAN data networks in motor vehicles.

Abstract: Efficient expert systems for failure diagnosis often decisively increase the availability of a technical system by making available to a layman the knowledge of a diagnostic expert. The process attains the following objects: For each variant of a technical system, which is composed of modules, a knowledge base should be efficiently generated. An expert system should be able to quickly diagnose each variant. The process provides the following: In knowledge acquisition, knowledge modules are generated, namely a knowledge module for each type of real module, which occurs in at least one variant of the technical system. The knowledge module contains all diagnosis-relevant knowledge about the real module type in such a way that it is valid for each exemplar of the type.

Abstract: A cylinder head cover for a direct-injecting internal-combustion engine has an injection nozzle holder arranged in the cylinder head between charge cycle valves and a clamping shoe for fixing the position of the injection nozzle holder in a receiving bore in the cylinder head. The cylinder head cover is constructed to be pulled in in the area of the injection nozzle holder and has a passage for the injection nozzle holder. The pulled-in cylinder head cover in the area of the injection nozzle holder is pulled down to the cylinder head. Starting from that area, a drainage-groove-type indentation leads to the inlet side of the internal-combustion engine.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for determining the position and/or the displacement in time (trace) of a (radar) target surface by a radar installation. A predeterminable number M of the largest echo amplitudes is first determined for the target surface, as well as the corresponding resolution cells (distance and azimuth coordinates). By averaging the distance and azimuth coordinates of the selected resolution cells, coordinates are determined for a reference point that is stable in space in relation to the target surface. This reference point is used for locating and/or tracing objects in particular ships.

Abstract: A vehicle initialization system for a control system that includes a vehicle, such as a train that is to be initialized, a vehicle track, a first reader, an onboard computer and a tachometer. The vehicle is adapted to coact with the track. At least two spaced apart position identifiers are positioned along the track. The first reader attaches to the vehicle and is adapted to read information from the position identifiers and relay the information to the onboard computer. The tachometer is also interfaced with the onboard computer, so that as the vehicle passes the position identifiers, the tachometer can be calibrated and the vehicle direction of travel and the vehicle orientation can be determined. The system also includes a vehicle identifier adapted to identify the vehicle characteristics. A second reader is positioned along the track and is adapted to read the vehicle identifier as the vehicle travels along the track. A wayside computer interfaces with the second reader.