Abstract: Digital data in the form of a light signal is to be transmitted through an optical network of optical waveguides joined together at passive node points. The node points split or branch off the light signal from a primary waveguide into secondary or branch waveguides. The passive node points include special coupling surfaces respectively a coupling body including a flat surface and a prismatic structure arranged at the junction or head end of the secondary waveguide. The respective coupling surface or coupling body achieves an exactly defined maximum reflection of the light in the primary waveguide, i.e. constrains a major proportion of the light within the primary waveguide. Thus, maximum light power is maintained and transmitted along the primary waveguide, and at each node point a defined minimum light power is coupled into the respective secondary waveguides.

Abstract: Bipolar transistor for very high frequencies having a delta-p-doped base layer and a drift zone between the base layer and an n.sup.+ -doped collector terminal layer, the drift zone, at least in a base-end region, being made of a material having a split conduction band structure which, in the drift direction, energetically favors light electrons.

Abstract: In a piston/liner arrangement for a reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine, wherein a piston with a skirt is axially movable in the liner, at least one of the piston skirt and the liner includes sections with an open-pore surface structure in which a lubricant with a high affinity to the material having the open-pore surfaces structure is disposed so as to form a lifetime lubrication arrangement.

Abstract: A method of determining the velocity of a radar target wherein at least two different pulse repetition frequencies are used. Each pulse repetition frequency comprises a predetermined division into equidistant Doppler numbers. For an echo signal, a Doppler number associated with the echo signal is determined for each pulse repetition frequency. Out of two Doppler numbers associated with different pulse repetition frequencies, a nonambiguous Doppler number is subsequently determined which lies within a predetermined velocity nonambiguity range, and the velocity of the radar target is determined from this Doppler number.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for removing the heat that is incident upon an aircraft, and especially a supersonic aircraft, during flight. The incident heat is generated by the constant heating effect of aerodynamic friction on the outer skin of the fuselage, by compression heating at the ram or stagnation point and stagnation edges of the aircraft fuselage, and by the heating of external air as it is compressed to cabin pressure. In the present system, the used cabin air is exhausted out of the cabin through a space between the cabin interior panels and the fuselage outer skin, where the airflow absorbs the heat incident through the outer skin and is heated to approximately the temperature of the outer skin. Next, the heated airflow is preferably first filtered through a filter and is then expanded and cooled through an expansion turbine. The output shaft of the turbine can drive a generator to recover useful electrical energy.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for starting a vehicle which is driven by an electric drive unit supplied with electrical energy from a fuel cell. A compressor is arranged in the feed line of the fuel cell for the oxidant mass flow and is driven by an electric motor supplied with voltage from the fuel cell itself. For the purpose of starting the fuel cell, a starter motor is provided for driving the compressor which is fed from a 12 V starter battery. In addition, a safety interrogation is initiated before starting the vehicle. The fuel cell is not run up to a prescribed no-load power with the aid of the starter motor until successful termination of the safety interrogation. The drive unit is then released after this no-load power has been reached.

Abstract: A passenger service terminal, for example in an aircraft, includes comfort and service components such as a reading lamp, a flight attendant call button, a loudspeaker, an air nozzle, an oxygen mask, an oxygen generator, and an optical display element incorporated in a separate support bail or support rod that cooperates with but remains separate from a passenger seat. An air supply duct and electrical and optical conductors pass through seat components. A bail or bow (8) forming a support, at least partly, frames the backrest and holds at least certain service and comfort components while simultaneously forming a privacy hood (19). Alternatively, side rods (8A) are arranged laterally and alongside the backrest (5) to hold lateral curtains (19A) also providing some privacy. The side rods are preferably hollow to hold an air supply duct, wiring and optical conductors. A seated passenger can easily and comfortably operate the service functions without disturbing a neighbor.

Abstract: A motor vehicle impact protection arrangement protects persons and has an impact protection device which is rendered operative in a defined protection area only when the danger of an impact is signalled. An energy-absorbing material is provided so that, when a danger of an impact has not yet been signalled, the material is situated in a closed space below the impact protection area and emerges only when the danger of an impact is signalled as an energy-absorbing impact protection device in the defined impact protection area.

Abstract: A proximity fuse/time fuse, in which the active optical distance sensor switches over to time delay in the case of disturbances occurring at a short distance before meeting the target, such as detonation flash, fog, explosive charge vapor or fireball. The fuse presets the data for the necessary time delay itself from the data of the preceding distance measurements. One exemplary embodiment is described and shown schematically.

Abstract: In a mounting arrangement for a fuel injector holder disposed in an injector holder recess formed in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine and held therein by a clamping pawl whose one end is seated on a support surface of the cylinder head and whose opposite forked end has engagement fingers engaging support surfaces at opposite sides of the injector holder and which is screwed onto the cylinder head for biasing the injector holder into the injector holder recess, the injector holder has a shoulder and the screw has a head with a projection extending under the shoulder for pulling the injector holder out of the injector holder recess when the screw is unscrewed from the cylinder head.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for steering a low-earth-orbit communication satellite requiring sun-orientation for solar-power accumulation is disclosed. Momentum-bias both maintains nadir pointing and adds yaw-steering moments for sun-trackig attitude control, simultaneously. The method has two principal steps: 1) open-loop momentum decoupling, for correcting the calculated steering torque, and closed-loop attitude compensation, to correct for perturbations about the calculated attitude in accordance with one of two control law definitions. This combines the advantage of stable gyroscopic attitude control with those of open-loop yaw steering.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for generating a clutter threshold by means of a CFAR circuit. In the process the partial registers of the CFAR are subdivided into storage blocks each containing a plurality of cell, and a block sum is formed from the sample values stored in each storage block. To form the clutter threshold for a signal under test, the individual block sums are compared in pairs according to a predetermined scheme, during which the greater block sum is determined. From these resulting greater sums, the smallest block sum (minimum) is selected and, from this, the clutter threshold is determined with a predetermined weighing. According to an alternative method, the block sums are sorted according to an order of precedence. Thereafter, block sum having a predetermined ordered rank is selected from the sorted block sums, and the clutter threshold is determined from this selected sum after a predetermined weighing.

Abstract: In optimization of combinatory optimization problems, it is possible to perform deterministic as well as more or less randomized searches. A new allocation matrix is generated, based on a more or less coincidentally selected, but valid allocation matrix. A check is made thereafter whether it constitutes a better solution than the old allocation matrix. If this is the case, this matrix is used as the new starting point for the further search. If this is not the case, the old allocation matrix is kept as the starting point for the further search. This process is continued until the time made available for the solution has expired, or until it is determined by the method itself that no better solution can be found in the course of the instantaneously realized search.

Abstract: The invention concerns a millimeter wave mixer realized by windowing, and includes a coplanar conductive line (320) that is produced in plating (212) on a substrate (211) disposed in a rectangular waveguide. The coplanar line (320) divides the plating (212) into two parts. The coplanar line (320) is guided out along the narrow sides of the waveguide and is connected to each of the two parts of the plating (212) via first and second diodes (41, 42). At least two slot lines (51-54) are produced parallel to the broad sides of the waveguides in the plating (212).

Abstract: A propulsion plant operating on the basis of a catalytic and/or chemical decomposition of a liquid propellant, is equipped with a so-called aspirator ring (19) that covers the exit openings of the injection pipes (11), thereby screening these openings toward the decomposition chamber. The aspirator ring (19) is further enclosed by an aspirator screen (19A). The aspirator ring is constructed as a vaulted channel (20) in which the discharge bores (21) are arranged in a pattern that assures a uniform distribution of the propellant into the catalyst bed in the decomposition chamber. The aspirator screen (19A) is also formed with a channel and both the channel in the screen (19A) and the channel in the aspirator ring (19) preferably have a semicircular cross-section. The catalyst bed is divided into two separate beds so that the respective housing can also be divided so that subassemblies of the thruster may be built separately and then assembled.

Abstract: In an electromagnetic operating mechanism for a gas exchange valve of an internal combustion engine wherein two control magnets are arranged in spaced relationship above the valve and an armature is axially movably disposed between the control magnets and and actuator rod extends from the armature through one of the control magnets to engage the valve, two compression springs are arranged outside the control magnets in opposition to one another, one engaging the valve so as to bias it toward a valve closing position and the other engaging the actuator rod so as to bias it into a valve opening direction and into engagement with the valve.

Abstract: A missile weapons system with a homing head optical system and an alignment processor, in which the visual field of the homing head is adjusted to the size of the target by handing over the target marking frame size to the homing head, which is equipped with a zoom lens, and the effect of parallax on the correlation is eliminated.

Abstract: In a fuel removal device including a fuel pickup pot for disposition in a vehicle fuel tank, the fuel pickup pot has integrally formed therewith two receptacles extending from the bottom of the pickup pot, one for receiving a filter with a fuel suction line and the other for receiving a fuel return line.