Abstract: An internal combustion engine with electronic components controlled from a central unit, where electrical leads as conductive connection for power transmission and data transmission between the electronic components of the internal combustion engine are avoided completely wherever possible. The electronic components to be controlled from a central unit are arranged, together with the central unit, on the engine in a space that is fully enclosed by a metal housing part, power is supplied to at least some of the electronic components by high frequency electromagnetic waves generated and radiated without cables by a high frequency source arranged in the space enclosed by the metal housing part and the components to be supplied with power by the radiated electromagnetic waves from the high frequency source each have at least one receiving device for receiving the electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: A device for connecting two tubular piping parts, in particular piping parts in a motor vehicle exhaust system, has two connector pieces with a sealing device being mounted between the connector pieces. The connector pieces are stressed against each other in axial direction by a spring device. The spring device has a wire spring which surrounds one connector piece at least partially with two spring branches and is supported by this connector piece. The wire spring is stressed against a stop on the other connector with the spring branches or another area of the wire spring.

Abstract: A method for operation of a direct-injection spark-ignition internal combustion engine operated over large areas of the characteristics map with stratified charge by way of fuel injection during the compression stroke. In order to guarantee reliable mixture ignition and combustion, the method of the present invention provides an ignition system which generates alternating voltage so that high voltage rapidly builds up between the electrodes of a spark plug, and generates ignition sparks with a spark duration that can be defined as a function of operating point.

Abstract: A method for the measured spatial 3D position detection of surface points of an object in a photogrammetric online system, in which a surface measurement point is touched by a probe tip. The spatial 3D position of the probe tip at the instant of touching is computed, with respect to a reference system, using an electronic camera. The computed 3D spatial position is stored as data. The electronic camera is rigidly connected to the probe, the camera being pointed away from the object at a target area which covers the volume to be measured. The target area has known reference points which form the reference system.

Abstract: A railway vehicle has, located centrally on the end of a car body 1, a coupling device and at least one shock absorbing device 9, 10, which has a permanently deformable support element. To achieve an effective protection against under-running in an impact the, individual shock absorbing elements 9, 10 are parallel to one another underneath a horizontal plane that contains a coupling device 4.

Abstract: A multiple-unit railway vehicle having three car bodies where the respective neighboring car bodies are each connected in a pivoting manner to one another by means of a single coupling, and each car body sits only on one two-axle truck. In the vicinity of the respective center pivot and possibly also on the trucks, there are actuator elements that are used to influence the articulation angle between the longitudinal axes of the car bodies.

Abstract: A method for determining knocking combustion in an internal combustion engine having an alternating current ignition system, which method is used to control the duration of the ignition spark burning time as well as the ignition energy while the fuel-air-mixture is ignited by the spark plug, in dependence on the load condition and other characteristic values provided by the engine.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic reduction of NO.sub.x, the reduction taking place in the presence of a catalyst which comprises(a) from 20 to 97 wt % of A.sub.2 O.sub.3,(b) from 1 to 40 wt % of CuO,(c) from 1 to 50 wt % of ZnO,(d) from 1 to 40 wt % of Ag,(e) from 0 to 2 wt % of Pt,(f) from 0 to 20 wt % of oxides of rare earth metals, elements of the 3rd subgroup of the Periodic Table of the Elements or mixtures thereof,based on the total weight of the components (a) to (e), which adds up to 100 wt %, wherein, in each case, up to half the weight of the component (a) may be replaced by Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 or mixtures thereof, of the component (b) by CoO, of the component (c) by MgO, of the component (d) by Au and of the component (e) by Pd, Ru, Os, Ir, Rh, Re or mixtures thereof, is used for reducing NO.sub.x, especially in combustion off-gases, the components (a), (b) and (c) forming a spinel which is doped with the components (d), (e) and (f).

Abstract: A lift body has a variable camber to achieve a flow-favorable profile. The lift body has a structure which is elastically deformable at least in one area. An integrated adjusting device includes at least one dimensionally stable adjusting body which can be rotated about an axis and which is in an operative connection with the deformable structure. Each adjusting body has a curved conical shape whose local cross-section corresponds to the local profile thickness. Each adjusting body is in a direct and/or, via a sliding layer, an indirect contact with the deformable structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a covering device (1) for a spray nozzle passage opening (64) of a headlight washer system (66) for a motor vehicle. The covering device has a hinged door (14) which fits flush into a pivoting mounting frame (10) placed in the opening (64) and which, in the closed position under spring tension visibly covers the entire opening (64) in which the mounting frame (10) is inserted. In this way, the covering device (1) fits flush into the surrounding exterior skin (80), thus ensuring a smooth and even seam.

Abstract: A method for performing shifting operations in an automated, mechanical transmission, which is coupled via an automated clutch to an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine. The setpoint engine torque (MDsoll) is essentially predefinable by a gas pedal (10) and/or by a vehicle-speed controller or limiter (17, 18). The setpoint engine torque is varied in response to gear shifting operations through the intervention of an electronic control device, as follows: The area of the electronic control device that is designated for the transmission control is continually supplied with the setpoint engine torque MDsoll1. In response to manually or automatically introduced gear shifting operations, a switch is made to the setpoint engine torque being input by the electronic transmission control, which calculates this setpoint engine torque (GW-MD) as a function of gear-change parameters and/or extracts it from gear-change characteristics maps or curves.

Abstract: A liquid-cooled cylinder head for a multicylinder internal combustion engine. The cylinder head has a coolant chamber in which gas exchange passages running in the direction of a transverse engine axis and at least one chamber for a spark plug and/or an injection nozzle are arranged. Also, bolt pipes for distributing the bolt tension forces of the cylinder head bolts are provided, the cylinder head being joinable to a crankcase of the internal combustion engine with interposition of a cylinder head seal. The bolt pipes have ribs formed by thickened configurations of adjacent wall sections of the gas exchange passages in the region of the cylinder head bolt. A high, uniform surface pressure on the cylinder head seal is thereby enabled, even in the regions between the cylinder head bolts, and even when space is restricted.

Abstract: A method for determining an operating parameter of an internal combustion engine. An ionic current signal curve at a spark plug of the internal combustion engine is measured for a number of ignitions as a function of time. The measured signal curves are then averaged to obtain an averaged signal curve. A maximum and/or the time of the maximum of the averaged signal curve is determined. Based on the maximum of the average signal curve and/or the time of the maximum of the average signal curve, the operating parameter is calculated.

Abstract: A braking force distribution linkage for a muscular energy-actuated parking brake system of a motor vehicle, in which the braking force is transferred at least via control cables both to one gear of the vehicle's transmission and to the wheels of at least one driven vehicle axle, the wheel brakes on each vehicle axle being respectively articulated via a compensation element. A linkage, lever and balance arm arrangement ensures a sufficient parking-hold effect on a road surface with differing nonskid properties, even in the event of failure of a portion of the braking system.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a lock-in process and device for a YIG-tuned oscillator which takes into account ageing and hysteresis of the YIG-tuned oscillator. This object is attained in that during a predetermined frequency change, the frequency of the YIG-tuned oscillator (1) is preset by means of a microprocessor (17) that progressively changes the current (I.sub.SP) in the main tuning coil (13) of the YIG-tuned oscillator (1) by an iterative capture routine, until the capture range (.DELTA.FM) of the switched-on frequency-locked loop, which changes with the coil current (I.sub.SP), includes the new operating frequency (f.sub.SET). The switched-on frequency-locked loop then pulls the oscillator frequency into the capture range of the PLL and the PLL locks-in the oscillator frequency to the new operating frequency (f.sub.SET). The microprocessor (17) interrupts the capture routine when a PLL-LOCK detector (11) announces to the microprocessor (17) that the new operating frequency (f.sub.

Abstract: An extrusion arrangement is disclosed for manufacturing hollow-profile workpieces made of metal, including an extrusion die which is guided in an extrusion chamber and compresses material situated in the extrusion chamber. For forming an extruded hollow profile, the extrusion die presses the material through a bottom die arranged on a head-side end of the extrusion chamber, a forming of the extruded hollow profile taking place by means of internal high pressure during the emerging from the bottom die. Advantageously, a plurality of forming tools are provided which can be alternately arranged adjoining the outlet opening of the bottom die for receiving an extruded hollow profile and its forming, and, for cooling and releasing the formed extruded profile, the tools can be removed from the bottom die.

Abstract: A support or holder for at least one line is surrounded by two holding clamps that can be clamped together by the application of tension. To achieve a simple construction and a high degree of flexibility with regard to the position and the cross section of the lines, there is a holding rail that can be formed for a plurality of pairs of holding clamps, whereby each two symmetrically curved holding clamps enclose a line between their concave facing sides in a form-fitting or frictional manner.

Abstract: The power train of a motor vehicle has an automated clutch which can transmit torque from a prime mover to a transmission in response to signals from an electronic control unit. The latter causes the clutch to transmit a constant torque during a first interval, to thereupon transmit a gently varying torque during a second interval if the operator of the motor vehicle fails to carry out certain necessary operations prior to elapse of the first interval, and to thereafter transmit a pronouncedly varying torque during a third interval if no remedial undertakings were completed during the second interval. The third interval is cut short if the engine tends to choke, and the full or shortened third interval can be followed by a fourth interval corresponding to the first interval or by a further interval corresponding to the second interval.

Abstract: A friction-type member, which is suited, in particular, as a brake pad for a brake member of fiber-reinforced ceramic, and a method for manufacturing such a brake pad. A mixture is initially prepared from at least carbon particles and metal particles, if indicated, with the addition of polymer binding agents suited for pyrolysis; of hard material particles, such as silicon carbide or titanium carbide as abradants; and of solid lubricants, such as molybdenum sulphide or graphite, and subsequently cold-pressed into green compacts. Sintering is then carried out under vacuum or protective atmosphere, the organic binding agent concentrations initially being pyrolized, and the metal particles being at least partially bonded by reaction to carbon. The friction pads manufactured in this manner exhibit considerable mechanical strength, good frictional properties, as well as a high thermal loading capacity accompanied by a low rate of wear.

Abstract: A subframe for motor vehicles, in particular for the front axles of passenger cars, which includes side parts running in the longitudinal vehicle direction that are joined by upper and lower cross elements running in the transverse vehicle direction to form a box profiled section, which is deformable in the longitudinal direction in response to longitudinal forces produced by a collision, and which is able to be used as an assembly unit.