Abstract: A system for automatic charging pressure control using an exhaust gas turbocharger with a variably adjustable turbine cross-section and for automatic exhaust gas recirculation control in the case of an internal-combustion engine, particularly a diesel engine. An automatic control system has a first controller which has an output for the variation of the turbine cross-section of the exhaust gas turbocharger. The command variable for the automatic exhaust gas recirculation control in a first low load-rotational speed range is the air flow rate in the intake pipe. The command variable for the automatic charging pressure control in a second higher load-rotational speed range is the charging pressure in the intake pipe. For the automatic exhaust gas recirculation control, an exhaust gas recirculation pipe connects the exhaust gas pipe with the suction pipe.

Abstract: In a substantially throttle-free internal combustion engine, an air extraction arrangement for the interior of the engine crankcase including: an air-extraction line extending from the engine and opening into an air intake line to the combustion chamber of the engine, and a negative pressure generating device in the engine's air intake line. Further, an air line attached to the air intake line upstream of the negative-pressure-producing device extends to the crankcase to admit fresh air to the crankcase interior.

Abstract: A method for assessing actuations of the accelerator by a vehicle driver to detect the nervousness of the driver, the cumulative path covered by the accelerator, in terms of amount, being evaluated within a predefined time window when the change in velocity is less than a predetermined threshold value and/or the change in position of the accelerator is less than a predetermined threshold value within this time window. Furthermore, alternatively and/or additionally, the number of reversals of the algebraic sign of the time derivation of the accelerator position can be taken into account.

Abstract: A vehicle frame which enables a lowering of the saddle coupling with improved stability for this, and recesses at the upper side of the lengthwise girders of the vehicle frame extending across the entire width of the frame are proposed. The saddle coupling is fastenably secured to the lengthwise girders.

Abstract: A method for recognizing a spontaneous demand by a driver of a motor vehicle for a dynamic response, the extent of the actuation of an operating device being compared to a threshold value, and the demand for a dynamic response being recognized when the extent of actuation lies above a specific threshold value, and, when comparing the extent of actuation to the threshold value, allowance being made for the manner in which the vehicle driver normally actuates the operating device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing heteroepitaxial diamond layers on Si-substrates by means of CVD and standard process gases, in which (a) during the nucleation phase a negative bias voltage is applied to the Si-substrate and (b) following the nucleation phase diamond deposition takes place.

Abstract: A brake unit including a brake disc of a material having a high thermal loading capacity and a brake pad that cooperates with it in tribological fashion. The brake disc is essentially made of a short-fiber reinforced ceramic material, whose thermal conductivity, in particular transversely to the disc surface, is at least 20 W/mK, preferably about 30 to 45 W/mK. The brake disc is combined with a brake pad having an organically bonded matrix. The brake pad may be a conventional series brake pad. The brake unit provides an optimal pairing of a brake disc, having a high thermal loading capacity, with a conventional brake pad in light of a reasonably expected brake pad service life, and in light of other tribological requirements, such as the friction coefficient.

Abstract: A rail vehicle equipped with a support actuator of variable vertical length mounted between a vehicle body and a running gear located underneath. In order to maintain an operational supporting device and adequate ride comfort after a failure or overload of the support actuator, an emergency spring coaxial with the support actuator is provided, which only becomes effective when the stroke of the support actuator falls short of a preset value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tilt control for the superstructure of a rail vehicle, that includes a transversal acceleration sensor and a tilt control device controlled therefrom for tilting the superstructure along its longitudinal axis in relation to the running gear or the bogie supporting the superstructure. A low-pass filter is connected in the signal path between the transversal acceleration sensor and the tilt control device. In order to at least amply compensate the operation time of the low-pass filter, a steady state member is connected in the signal path between the transversal acceleration sensor and the low-pass filter, whose output signal is selected at least in the middle segment of a predetermined measuring value of the transversal acceleration values to be detected in such a way that the transversal acceleration in the superstructure remains almost constant in said segment.

Abstract: A brake unit having a brake disc of ceramic and a hub of a different material, which radially overlap one another with their mutually facing rims and are mechanically joined by a wreath-type rim of mounting bolts that axially penetrate the overlapping rims. The mounting bolts are uniformly included in the transmission of torque. Entrainment bores or slots provided in the brake disc are plastically lined with a metal or plastic sleeve, or the disc material is formed specifically to certain areas in this region as a plastically deformable C/C structure. A method is disclosed for manufacturing a partially ceramized molded article, in particular a brake disc having a C/C structure in the area of the entrainment bores or slots. A completely non-metallic brake unit and a method for its manufacture are also disclosed.

Abstract: A steering column arrangement has an interior steering column tube which can be axially and telescopically adjusted by a spindle drive relative to an exterior steering column tube. A threaded spindle of the spindle drive is disposed by way of energy-absorbing bearing blocks. The longitudinally extending adjusting member is provided with a desired buckling point. At the level of the desired buckling point, a supporting bow is provided which is stationarily arranged on the exterior steering column tube, reaches at least partially over the desired buckling point and is designed to be plastically deformable.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of forming a component made of an artificially and plastically formable material which can be hardened by artificial aging. The component is first shot-peen-formed in the unhardened condition and is subsequently, artificially aged. During artificial aping it is subjected to an exterior pressure load causing a creep of the impact-body-forming material to conform to a mold having the desired shape.

Abstract: A brake unit includes a brake disc of a ceramic material and a brake pad that cooperates with it in tribological fashion. The brake pad is made of a sintered metal material or of an inorganically bound material having a ceramic binding phase and metal particles. The brake unit has a high thermal loading capacity, very good performance characteristics in terms of comfort, and an acceptable service life.

Abstract: A pistol, comprising a housing which contains a trigger device and a slide which slides on this housing and contains a barrel and a breech, in which case the breech is provided with a firing bolt which can be driven by a mainspring. In order to provide entirely safe protection against access, the breech has a hole which runs transversely with respect to the firing direction, in which hole a locking bolt can be moved and can be rotated, which locking bolt has a head which is accessible from the outside and, in the locked position, projects into the movement path of the firing bolt. To this end, the head of the locking bolt has at least one tab on its external circumference, and the breech has at least one recess on the internal circumference of the hole, which recess holds the tab when the locking bolt is in the open position.

Abstract: A unit fuel injector of the type with an open injector comprises an injector body (1) with an axial space (4), which ends in an injector cap (3), an injection plunger (15) guided in the axial space and serving as a closing-off element, which injection plunger forms in the axial space a pressure space (23) from which the injection bores (60, 61) of an upper row (60) and a lower row (61) extend.

Abstract: The invention relates to a collision protection device, especially for passengers in vehicles and more especially in motor vehicles, consisting of a cushion or a cover plate, an air bag, a securing component, electronic or mechanical devices and a gas generator, in which the air bag consists of a coated or uncoated fabric, a lower section (2) with a gas inlet aperture, which may be fitted with a flame guard, an upper section (1), one or more multi-layer safety stop bands (3), where the ends of the safety stop band(s) is/are secured by sewn seams (4) to the upper section, the lower section, other components or, if there are more than one of them, together, in which the sewn seams are substantially circular or oval within the ends of the safety stop band(s).

Abstract: A two-stage power-split gear unit for automobiles consists of an input shaft (2), of a planetary gear unit as an off-road gear stage, of a differential gear unit, of a first output shaft (13) and of a second output shaft (15) which is connected to an offset output (19), the input shaft (2) being capable of being coupled selectively to the sun wheel (5) and to the planet carrier (7) of the planetary gear unit, the planet wheels (8) of which roll in a ring gear (9) fixed in space, and the differential gear unit having compensating wheels (11) and first and second output wheels (14, 16) driven by these and in each case located on the first and the second output shafts (13, 15).

Abstract: An exhaust manifold flange for an internal combustion engine, for sealably connecting at least one stub pipe of an exhaust manifold to a wall of the engine, the flange has a basic part made of sheet steel provided with a bead which extends substantially around the entire outer contour of the basic part, at least one receiving hole with another bead therearound for securely receiving the at least one stub pipe in the manifold which has holes which are arranged for attaching the exhaust manifold flange to the wall of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A hydraulic clutch which is dependent on rotation speed difference comprises a rotating housing (1), a hydrostatic displacement machine (2) arranged in this housing (1), a shaft (4), a friction clutch (3) for connecting the shaft (4) to the housing (1), and a piston (26). In order to limit the torque in a very simple manner without any disturbing centrifugal force influences, and in order to cool the friction clutch, the compression chamber (24) is connected via a constriction point (27) to the interior (28) of the friction clutch (3), and the constriction point is designed as a pressure-limiting valve. This is formed by a plate spring (30) in the wall (29) of the piston (26).

Abstract: A device for connecting two tubular pipe sections. A sealing device is arranged between the pipe sections. At their ends, the pipe sections in each case have a flange-type end piece. The pipe sections are held together by a spring device using a pre-tensioning force, the spring device having a mid-section extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the pipe sections. The spring device has a spring element, from whose transverse sides of the mid-section, which extend at right angles to the longitudinal axes of the pipe sections, spring limbs extend. Forming an at least approximate U-shape with the mid-section, the spring limbs extend at least partially over the periphery of the pipe sections, the spring limps each having a centrical cut-out that is adapted to the outside diameter of the pipe sections and in which a pipe section is accommodated in each case in the mounted state of the spring element.