Abstract: A method and an apparatus for operating an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor-vehicle diesel engine, with low nitrogen-oxide emissions, has a first mode of operation which sets an early start of fuel injection and a nitrogen-oxide reducing agent is added to the stream of exhaust gases upstream of a nitrogen-oxide-reducing exhaust-gas catalytic converter, and a second mode of operation which sets a late start of fuel injection. A temperature sensor measures the temperature of the exhaust-gas catalytic converter. The engine is operated in the second mode of operation when the measured temperature of the exhaust-gas catalytic converter lies outside a prescribable temperature range for an effective catalytic nitrogen-oxide reduction to ensure low nitrogen-oxide emissions.

Abstract: In a liquid cooled piston for internal combustion engines having a cooling oil supply and at least one liquid passage which is formed in a top part of the piston bounded by a piston head, the liquid passage is inclined with respect to the piston head and has at least one inlet opening formed as a collection funnel leading to the highest point of the passage for receiving cooling oil and, in the region of the lowest point of the passage an outlet opening for the lubrication of a piston pin bearing disposed therebelow. The passage further includes a diffuser-shaped area widening in the flow direction of the cooling oil through the passage.

Abstract: A rubber-like section with one or several hollow chambers is provided as a sensor receiving section for housing and protecting pressure-actuated sensors, in particular for mounting behind screens and as window guiding sections, in particular for car windows with U-shaped window guiding frames. The design of the mounting space, i.e. the main hollow chamber, allows the sensor to be threaded into the section even over a longer axial distance, to be clamped therein without play and to be firmly held in its mounting position. The inner contour of the main hollow chamber, which is adapted to the sensor use, has a central or eccentric bead-like, heel-shaped projection that extends in the axial direction and projects into the hollow chamber. This geometry allows the sensor housed in the hollow chamber to provide its sensor functions. Other inventions related to the outer geometry of the section result therefrom.

Abstract: A control element arrangement is disclosed for controlling a motor vehicle without conventional pedals and steering wheel. Two control elements are provided which can be operated independently of one another, in which case at least the longitudinal speed and/or at least the steering angle can be controlled optionally by operating one or the other control element. As a result, with respect to the longitudinal and/or the lateral dynamic control, on the one hand, a redundancy is created which increases the operating reliability and, on the other hand, the control-comfort-increasing possibility is created of being able to guide the vehicle alternately by means of one or the other control element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite structure including a semiconductor layer arranged on a diamond layer and/or a diamond-like layer, for subsequent processing to produce electronic components and/or groups of components and to a process for producing such a composite structure. In order to improve the quality of the subsequent components, the diamond layer is deposited underneath the component source zones from which the components are subsequently produced, and the diamond or diamond-like layer is provided at the margins of the component source zones and/or outside of the component source zones with edges where the thickness of the layer changes abruptly such that the edges have an edge height amounting to at least 1O%, preferably at least 50%, of the layer thickness of the diamond layer.

Abstract: In a camshaft drive housing for an internal combustion engine supporting auxiliary equipment, an oil pump is mounted in the housing cover and driven by the engine crankshaft. It supplies oil under pressure to an oil filter also mounted on the camshaft drive housing and the pressure of the oil leaving the oil filter is communicated back to the oil pump by way of a passage extending through the housing cover for controlling the oil pump.

Abstract: An electrical conductor for a spacecraft solar generator with at least one solar module, wherein the electrical conductor is made of an alloy containing gold and traces of at least one of silver, palladium or copper and which can be used as a solar cell connector. The electrical conductor advantageously cannot be oxidized by atomic oxygen, has a high hardness and elasticity and can thus withstand high thermal stresses. Furthermore, the electrical conductor can be processed by resistance welding without damaging the cell.

Abstract: In a cast cylinderhead of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine wherein gas flow channels (exhaust gas and intake air flow channels) and at least one longitudinal gas flow passage with branch passages extending between the longitudinal gas flow passages and particular gas flow channels are formed in the cylinderhead, the gas flow channels, any longitudinal gas flow passage and all the branch passages are formed by a single-piece casting core structure.

Abstract: A luggage compartment system especially for a passenger cabin of an aircraft is equipped with shells or bins (2) that are suspended from a support structure forming part of the aircraft body, by a four-bar or four-link system, the journals or pivots of which are substantially positioned in or above a reference plane defined by a top wall of the bin so that none of the links nor any of the journals take up space between end walls of longitudinally aligned bins. One journal may even be positioned below the reference plane, but not axially outside the end walls of the bin. Thus, additional space for luggage is gained.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for welding sectional members onto a large-format aluminum structural component using laser beams is especially applicable for welding stringers onto cylindrically or spherically pre-curved fuselage skin components in the construction of aircraft. The apparatus includes an adjustable support arrangement for supporting the large-format structural component, a roller guide and clamping system by which the sectional member, after it has been prepositioned, is guided by a computer numeric control (CNC) system and fixed onto the structural component, and a laser guide system that simultaneously directs two laser beams from two opposite sides of the sectional member onto a weld point along a joint seam between the sectional member and the structural component. The method and apparatus are applicable and readily adaptable with high flexibility to a great variety of geometries of the components to be welded, because the laser guide system is not coupled to the roller guide and clamping system.

Abstract: A fluid-mechanical actuator has a cylinder housing and a piston which is guided movably in the cylinder housing. A working chamber can be filled with a fluid and is bounded by the cylinder housing and the piston. By filling the working chamber with fluid, the piston can be displaced in the cylinder housing counter to the effect of a restoring spring and can transmit a force via a working linkage which is arranged on the side of the piston remote from the working chamber. The fluid-mechanical actuator provides both fluid actuation and mechanical actuation. The piston has two sections, a ring and a bushing which is guided out of the working chamber. The working linkage has a supporting ring whose diameter is larger than the inside diameter of the bushing. Thereby a force can be transmitted to the supporting ring by the piston. An actuating linkage is guided in the bushing and is movable relative to the working linkage.

Abstract: An anti-buffet screen device for an open motor vehicle has associated a heat-transfer device with it, said device extending over at least a portion of its active surface and being made flat, especially a radiator device.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine including a cylinder head and at least one camshaft and accessory units comprising pumps mounted on the front end of the engine on which also drive means for the camshaft of camshafts are disposed, the accessory units are operatively coupled to the drive means for the camshafts or camshafts so as to be driven thereby.

Abstract: An apparatus for the heat treatment of aluminum and aluminum alloy components in the aircraft manufacturing industry is precisely controlled in accordance with manufacturing regulations that must be satisfied if the components are to meet regulation quality standards for use in manufacturing an aircraft. For this purpose, the apparatus has a compact arrangement of four stations cooperating with a transport system that moves the components to be treated sequentially through the stations including an annealing station, a quenching station, a cleaning station, and a drying station arranged in that order in the transport direction. The transport system and the stations are controlled by a central processing unit for providing the required control signals, including closed loop controls and monitoring of all parameters that are necessary for a fault-free precisely repeatable heat treatment of the aluminum and aluminum alloy components.

Abstract: A weapons system/device is provided for a dazzling laser with directed laser radiation with a laser operating in the visible range. This is integrated in a rifle-like carrier with an aiming device, range finder, and a portable power supply unit. The laser is adjustable in terms of beam divergence, energy to be emitted, and irradiation time. A control computer is provided for entering target reconnaissance parameters, as well as measuring instruments for determining these parameters with respect to a target subject and the environment. The controls/instrumentation are associated with the laser, wherein the control computer calculates the laser parameters (beam divergence, single pulse or pulse train, pulse energy and pulse count of the pulsed laser) necessary for the reversible dazzling of the eye on the basis of the target reconnaissance parameters entered, and it automatically presets and regulates the resulting laser power and the exposure time of the continuous laser.

Abstract: An arrangement of outlet devices for releasing into the atmosphere cryogenic, combustible exhaust vapors in the near-surface, flow-swept, outer area of aircraft, land vehicles and watercraft. The arrangement provides at least one outlet device on the top side of a component at the top end of a pylon, which is favorable in terms of flow, in the free, undisturbed air flow. Each outlet device is arranged, designed and oriented such that the exhaust vapor is released in at least one directed jet oriented to the rear or to the rear and upward, with or without a lateral component, and is kept away from air inlets, hot exhaust gas jets and other sources of ignition, as well as from surfaces of components.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for a gas turbine using hydrogen as fuel, is equipped with an evaporator for liquid hydrogen which converts the hydrogen into its gaseous form that is fed directly or for instance via an external control valve into the combustor. The evaporator covers and protects at least a portion of the inner and/or outer wall that encloses the combustion chamber, whereby the evaporator also cools the combustion chamber while converting the liquid hydrogen to gaseous hydrogen.

Abstract: The invention provides a flow module comprising sandwiched plate elements, with at least one of each pair of adjacent plate element surfaces having a profiling which has a linear parallel construction so that a plurality of linear parallel flow ducts is formed between adjacent plate elements. These flow ducts can be charged with a first and a second fluid in an alternating manner by way of feeding and removal ducts formed by mutually aligned openings in the plate elements. To seal off the flow spaces and the feeding and removal ducts, seals are provided, and the openings for the feeding and removal ducts extend essentially across the whole end area of the profiling so that a distinct feeding and removal space is formed. According to the invention, for a mechanical stabilization several webs are arranged in the openings for the feeding and removal ducts in the profiled plate elements. These webs which are arranged in the inlet area or outlet area of the profiling end below the plate element surface.

Abstract: Seating groups for passengers, for example in an aircraft cabin, are equipped with several seats having seat components supported on a support base on which the seat components, especially the seat sections are laterally slideable to make the seats wider when a passenger sits on a seat or narrower when a passenger is not sitting on a seat. The seat widening or narrowing is accomplished in several ways, for example, with the aid of a grooved shaft that operates as a spindle when turned by tilting a seat component, or by springs that vault upwardly when not loaded and spread when a passenger sits on a seat supported by the springs. The grooved shaft can be operated for example by an armrest or a seat section.